Civil marriage
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A civil marriage is a
History
Countries maintaining a
In England
In
In other European countries
Many European countries had institutions similar to
The
In 1792, with the French Revolution, religious marriage ceremonies in France were made secondary to civil marriage. Religious ceremonies could still be performed, but only for couples who had already been married in a civil ceremony. Napoleon later spread this custom throughout most of Europe. In present-day France, only civil marriage has legal validity. A religious ceremony may be performed after or before the civil union, but it has no legal effect.
In
Civil marriage in the world nowadays
England and Wales
Today marriages in England or Wales must be held in authorized premises, which may include register offices, premises such as stately homes, castles, and hotels that have been approved by the local authority, churches or chapels of the Church of England or Church in Wales, and other churches and religious premises that have been registered by the registrar general for marriage.[6]
Civil marriages require a certificate and at times a license, that testify that the couple is fit for marriage. A short time after they are approved in the superintendent registrar's office, a short non-religious ceremony takes place which the registrar, the couple, and two witnesses must attend; guests may also be present. Reference must not be made to God or any deity, or to a particular religion or denomination: this is strictly enforced, and readings and music in the ceremony must be agreed upon in advance.[7]
United States
Marriage in the United States is largely regulated by state laws, though the Supreme Court has the authority to strike down unconstitutional laws — see cases Loving v. Virginia and Obergefell v. Hodges.
All states and the District of Columbia, as well as
Countries with mandatory civil marriage
In most European and Latin American countries there is a civil ceremony requirement. Following the civil marriage ceremony, couples are free to marry in a religious ceremony. Such ceremonies, however, only serve to provide a religious recognition of the marriage, since the state's recognition has already been given. In some of these countries (e.g. Belgium, the Netherlands and Turkey) most couples marry without any religious ceremony at all.[8] Full, formal weddings, complete with wedding gowns and the presence of family and friends, are usually conducted in special ceremonial rooms in the town hall.
Countries with no civil marriage
There is no civil marriage in many
Civil marriage and other unions of same-sex couples
As of March 2024[update], the following jurisdictions permit same-sex marriages:
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Brazil
- Canada
- Chile
- Costa Rica
- Colombia
- Cuba
- Denmark
- Ecuador
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Mexico
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Portugal
- Slovenia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- United Kingdom[19]
- United States
- Uruguay
- Israel recognizes same-sex marriage performed abroad[20]
- Armenia recognizes same-sex marriage performed abroad
In 22 countries worldwide and in several jurisdictions within Mexico, a same-sex couple can be legally partnered in a
See also
Notes
- Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, French High Commissioner of the Levant Damien de Martel enacted Law no. 60/LR (Lois et Réglements) on 13 March 1936, which would give different religious communities the right to form their family laws in their own religious courts. However, Muslims rejected the notion which would make them equal to non-Muslims and lose the privileged status made by the Ottoman Millet system. The Muslims also rejected Law no. 146/LR on 18 November 1938 enacted by High Commissioner Gabriel Puaux, which would recognize civil marriages contracted abroad, and require citizens to follow civil laws which are not explicitly regulated within one's religious community.[16]
References
- ^ "Civil Marriage Definition". Marriage.about.com. 2012-04-10. Archived from the original on 2023-02-27. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
- ^ "Demographic and Social Statistics: Marriage and divorce". unstats.un.org.
- ^ "OHCHR | Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage".
- ^ "Child Marriage - Consent to Marriage - CEDAW - UN Convention on Marriage". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-03-31.
- ISBN 3-930929-12-0.
- ^ "England and Wales", Legal (article), Wedding Guide UK, archived from the original on 2013-02-09
- ^ "England and Wales", Music Not Allowed at Civil Ceremonies (article), Wedding Music Designer (Simon Jordan), 30 August 2015
- ^ "Legal wedding in Turkey". 2022-10-29.
- ^ Syria: Social repercussions of a marriage between a male Druze and a Muslim woman, UNHCR
- ^ Marriage in Jordan, USA: Jordan embassy, archived from the original on 2011-10-06
- ^ Marriage in Indonesia, BCC Visa Law, archived from the original on 2011-11-03, retrieved 2011-08-31
- ^ Mikdashi, M. (2022). Sextarianism. In Stanford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503631564
- ISBN 978-1-5036-3156-4.
- ^ "Marriage Lawyers in Lebanon | Attorneys Beirut |". Retrieved 2024-02-28.
- ^ Hassan, Ali Wadea' (13 May 2017). "Between Church and State: Civil Marriage in the Arab World".
- ^ van Eijk 2016, pp. 29–30.
- ^ "Marriage". The Official Portal of the UAE Government. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
- ^ Marriage in Afghanistan, USA: Kabul embassy, archived from the original on 2011-09-06
- ^ "Archived copy". dysk.onet.pl. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Israel's Supreme Court approves same-sex marriages performed abroad Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Israel Insider, November 21, 2006
Bibliography
- van Eijk, Esther (2016). Family Law in Syria: Patriarchy, Pluralism and Personal Status Laws. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781786730190.
External links
- Media related to Civil marriage at Wikimedia Commons