Cold war (term)
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A cold war is a state of
Origins of the term
The expression "cold war" was rarely used before 1945. Some writers credit the fourteenth century Spaniard
In 1934, the term was used in reference to a faith healer who received medical treatment after being bitten by a snake. The newspaper report referred to medical staff's suggestion that faith had played a role in his survival as a "truce in the cold war between science and religion".[2]
Regarding its contemporary application to a conflict between nation-states, the phrase appears for the first time in English in an anonymous editorial published in
During the war, the term was also used in less lasting ways, for example to describe the prospect of winter warfare,[10] or in opinion columns encouraging American politicians to make a cool-headed assessment before deciding whether to join the war or not.[11]
At the end of
The definition which has now become fixed is of a war waged through indirect conflict. The first use of the term in this sense, to describe the post–World War II geopolitical tensions between the USSR and its satellites and the United States and its western European allies, is attributed to Bernard Baruch, an American financier and presidential advisor.[15] In South Carolina, on April 16, 1947, he delivered a speech (by journalist Herbert Bayard Swope)[16] saying, "Let us not be deceived: we are today in the midst of a cold war."[17] Newspaper reporter-columnist Walter Lippmann gave the term wide currency, with the book Cold War (1947).[18]
The term "hot war" is also occasionally used by contrast, but remains rare in literature on military theory.[19]
According to academic Covell Meyskens, the term "cold war" was not employed in
Tensions labeled a cold war
Since the US–USSR Cold War (1947–1989), a number of global and regional tensions have also been called a cold war.
16th-century England and Spain
In his 1964 article of Francis Drake's New Albion claim, Adolph S. Oko Jr. described certain 16th century tensions between England and Spain as a cold war.[21]
Great Game
The Great Game, a colonial confrontation that occurred between the 19th century British and Russian Empires in Asia, has been variously described as a cold war,[22][23][24][25] though this has also been disputed.[26]
Second Cold War
The Second Cold War,.
Middle East
Malcolm H. Kerr first coined the term "Arab Cold War" to refer to a political conflict inside the Arab world between Nasserist republics defending Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, and Arab nationalism led by Nasser's Egypt, against traditionalist monarchies led by Saudi Arabia.[36]
An
South Asia
Commentator Ehsan Ahrari,
East Asia
Naval Postgraduate School academic Edward A. Olsen,[49][50] British politician David Alton,[51] York University professor Hyun Ok Park,[52] and University of Southern California professor David C. Kang[53] used the term to refer to tensions between North Korea and South Korea, which have been divided since the end of World War II in 1945. They interchangeably called it the "Korean Cold War". In August 2019, the North Korean government said that further US–South Korean military cooperation would prompt North Korea to "trigger a new cold war on the Korean Peninsula and in the region."[54]
China's Defense Ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng,[55] The Diplomat editor Shannon Tiezzi,[56] and The Guardian columnist Simon Tisdall[57] used the term to refer to tensions between China and Japan.
China and the Soviet Union
British writer Edward Crankshaw used the term to also refer to the Sino-Soviet relations after the Sino-Soviet split.[58] "Spy wars" also occurred between the USSR and China.[59]
China and India
Imran Ali Sandano of the
21st Century United States
A slim majority of Americans have stated that they believe a 'cold' civil war exists between members of the political left and political right in the United States. There have been multiple causes for this, such as the
See also
References
- ISBN 9781134692132.
- ^ "Teester;s Belief Held Very Helpful to Him (1934)". The News and Observer. 1934-08-12. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "The Nation 1938-03-26: Vol 146 Iss 3795". Nation Company L.P. 26 March 1938.
- ISBN 9780300107982.
- ^ "Nine Million Men Now Under Arms!(1939)". The Chattanooga News. 1939-08-11. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "The Next Peace (1939)". The Atlantic. 1939-08-01. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
- ^ "Phrases for Europe of Today; A Hot Peace and a Cold War (1939)". The Chattanooga News. 1939-07-28. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "Seaport of Danzig Quiet (1939)". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1939-08-06. p. 33. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "Poland Shows United Front on Danzig Issue (1939)". The Miami News. 1939-08-06. p. 17. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "The "Cold War" - How Long? (1939)". The Des Moines Register. 1939-11-15. p. 8. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ "Cold War Reason (1939)". The Indianapolis News. 1939-09-16. p. 6. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ Kort, Michael (2001). The Columbia Guide to the Cold War. Columbia University Press. p. 3.
- ^ Geiger, Till (2004). Britain and the Economic Problem of the Cold War. Ashgate Publishing. p. 7.
- ^ Orwell, George, The Observer, March 10, 1946
- ISBN 978-1-59420-062-5.
- ^ Safire, William (October 1, 2006). "Islamofascism Anyone?". The New York Times. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
- ^ History.com Staff (2009). "This Day on History - April 16, 1947: Bernard Baruch coins the term "Cold War"". A+E Networks. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Full quote in the context of industrial labor problems in the United States of America in 1947 which could only solved, according to Bernard Baruch, through "unity" between labor and management which in return would give the United States the power to play its role as the major force by which, in the words of Baruch, "the world can renew itself physically or spiritually.": "Let us not be deceived-we are today in the midst of a cold war. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this: Our unrest is the heart of their success. The peace of the world is the hope and the goal of our political system; it is the despair and defeat of those who stand against us. We can depend only on ourselves."
- ISBN 9780598864048. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ISBN 978-1-349-29493-0.
- ^ Meyskens, Covell (2023-08-23). "China's Strategic Space in the Mao Era". National Bureau of Asian Research. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
- JSTOR 25155641.
- ^ "BRITAIN AND RUSSIA FOUGHT A 19TH CENTURY COLD WAR". Chicago Tribune. 30 September 1992. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
Like the Cold War, the Great Game was largely a proxy battle whose protagonists rarely confronted each other directly.
- S2CID 154849203.
A century ago a Cold War raged on the political, ideological, economic, military, and cultural fronts between the UK and an authoritarian Russian state which was perceived as threatening British imperial interests in India and elsewhere in Asia. Until the end of the 19th century, liberal Britain was arguably Russia's foremost enemy.
- ISBN 978-1-61200-815-8.
Others suggest it continued well after this time, that 'the game' was really the Victorian prologue to the cold war years...
- ISBN 978-1-84854-477-2.
Some would argue that the Great Game has never really ceased, and that it was merely the forerunner of the Cold War of our own times...
- ^ "The Great Game, 1856-1907: Russo-British Relations in Central and East Asia | Reviews in History". reviews.history.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
Sergeev is especially concerned to subvert understandings in which the Great Game is viewed as 'a Victorian cold war'
- ^ Mackenzie, Ryan (3 October 2015). "Rubio: U.S. 'barreling toward a second Cold War'". The Des Moines Register. USA Today. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ Bovt, George (31 March 2015). "Who Will Win the New Cold War?". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ Trenin, Dmitri (2 March 2014). "The crisis in Crimea could lead the world into a second cold war". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ Dmitri Trenin (4 March 2014). "Welcome to Cold War II". Foreign Policy. Graham Holdings. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- Huffington Post, 15 October 2015.
- ^ "Cold war 2.0: how Russia and the west reheated a historic struggle". The Guardian. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ Eve Conant (12 September 2014). "Is the Cold War Back?". National Geographic. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ Simon Tisdall (19 November 2014). "The new cold war: are we going back to the bad old days?". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ Philip N. Howard (1 August 2012). "Social media and the new Cold War". Reuters. Reuters Commentary Wire. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- OCLC 278293765.
- ^ Saab, Bilal Y. (18 October 2016). "Why an Iran-Saudi Arabia Conflict Is More Likely Today Than Ever Before". Newsweek. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ Manfreda, Primoz. "Iran and Saudi Arabia—Middle East Cold War". About.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ Mousavian, Seyyed Hossein; Toossi, Sina (19 September 2016). "Ending the Iran-Saudi Cold War". LoebLog. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ Ghattas, Kim (15 July 2015). "The Saudi Cold War With Iran Heats Up". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 18 October 2016. (subscription required)
- ^ Dreazen, Yochi (27 March 2015). "In Yemen, the Middle East's cold war could get hot". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ Barakat, Sultan (22 June 2016). "Is the Iranian-Saudi 'cold war' heating up? How to reduce the temperature". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ Broder, Jonathan (11 January 2016). "The Loser of the Cold War Between Iran and Saudi Arabia May Be Obama". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ Omidi, Ali (February 2016). "Five reasons why Iran-Saudi conflict won't escalate". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ Ahrari, Ehsan (21 June 2002). "Similarity breeds contempt: India and Pakistan". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Riedel, Bruce (26 May 2014). "Indian and Pakistani Leaders Seek to End Their Cold War, but Will the 'Deep State' Allow Peace?". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ^ Baru, Sanjaya (October 2016). "An Indo-Pak Cold War". The Indian Express. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ Mian, Zia (7 December 2016). "Kashmir, climate change, and nuclear war". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
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- ^ Kang, David C. (31 December 2010). "Korea's New Cold War". The National Interest. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ Maresca, Thomas (22 August 2019). "North Korea warns of a new 'cold war'". UPI. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
- ^ "China Lashes Out at Japan's New Defence Plan, Says Tokyo Maintaining 'Cold War Mentality'". NDTV. Associated Press. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (25 January 2016). "The New Cold War: China vs Japan". The Diplomat. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ Tisdall, Simon (17 January 2005). "Sino-Japanese 'cold war' stirs new tensions". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
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- ^ "The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part II". Wilson Center.
- ^ Sandano, Imran Ali (29 October 2017). "Threat of new cold war looms". Asia Times. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Chatterjee, Arup K. (29 June 2017). "Are India and China heading towards a cold war over railways?". Jindal Global Law School. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Lintner, Bertil (December 2017). "India, China Conflict Is New Cold War in the Indian Ocean". Businessworld (Interview). Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Maçães, Bruno (14 February 2018). "India and China's dangerous tug-of-war for the top of the world". Politico. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Chidambaram, P. (1 April 2018). "Across the Aisle: One-man band cannot make music". The Indian Express. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Jha, Sanjay (7 July 2020). "India-China face-off: The Asian cold war has been sparked off, writes Sanjay Jha". The Free Press Journal. Mumbai. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Korybko, Andrew (13 June 2017). "The Chinese–Indian New Cold War – Conclusions".
- ^ "After US–Russia Cold War, Are India–China Headed Towards the Same Path?". The EurAsian Times. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ^ Kay, Grace. "A majority of Americans surveyed believe the US is in the midst of a 'cold' civil war". Business Insider. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
- ^ Axelrod, Tal (2019-10-23). "Voters believe US two-thirds of the way to 'edge of a civil war': poll". The Hill. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
- ^ "Poll: Americans united in worry over political divisions, but not much else". Roll Call. 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
- ^ "Poll: Half of Americans now predict U.S. may 'cease to be a democracy' someday". news.yahoo.com. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
Further reading
- Mello Morales, Frank. "Cold War' – The (Pre)history of a term". Alliierten Museum. Retrieved 29 September 2022.