Irregular warfare

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Irregular warfare (IW) is defined in United States joint doctrine as "a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations."[1] In practice, control of institutions and infrastructure is also important. Concepts associated with irregular warfare are older than the term itself.[2]

Irregular warfare favors indirect warfare and asymmetric warfare approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other capabilities in order to erode the adversary's power, influence, and will. It is inherently a protracted struggle that will test the resolve of a state and its strategic partners.[3][4][5][6][7]

The term "irregular warfare" was settled upon in distinction from "

irregular forces".[8]

Terminology

Early usage

One of the earliest known uses of the term irregular warfare is in the 1986 English edition of "Modern Irregular Warfare in Defense Policy and as a Military Phenomenon" by former

Nazi officer Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte. The original 1972 German edition of the book is titled "Der Moderne Kleinkrieg als Wehrpolitisches und Militarisches Phänomen". The German word "Kleinkrieg" is literally translated as "Small War."[9] The word "Irregular," used in the title of the English translation of the book, seems to be a reference to non "regular armed forces" as per the Third Geneva Convention
.

Another early use of the term is in a 1996

Kurdish Peshmerga against Ansar al-Islam and the forces of Saddam Hussein during the war in Iraq in 2003.[20][21][22]

Other definitions

Examples

Nearly all modern wars include at least some element of irregular warfare. Since the time of Napoleon, approximately 80% of conflict has been irregular in nature. However, the following conflicts may be considered to have exemplified by irregular warfare:[2][10]

Activities

Activities and types of conflict included in IW are:

According to the DoD, there are five core activities of IW:

Modeling and simulation

As a result of DoD Directive 3000.07,

United States armed forces are studying[when?] irregular warfare concepts using modeling and simulation.[27][28][29]

Wargames and exercises

There have been several military

military exercises
associated with IW, including:

  • Unified Action [30]
  • Unified Quest [31]
  • January 2010 Tri-Service Maritime Workshop,[32]
  • Joint Irregular Warrior Series war games,[32]
  • Expeditionary Warrior war game series,[32] and
  • a December 2011 Naval War College Maritime Stability Operations Game focused specifically on stability operations in the maritime domain conducted by the Naval Service.[32]

See also

Individuals:

Notes

  1. ^ According to the definition of "regular forces," which came much after the American Revolutionary War (ARW), the American forces did not meet the following criteria at all times during the ARW:
    • having a fixed distinctive emblem recognizable at a distance
    • carrying arms openly
    • conducting operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war

    Notwithstanding, in terms of modern international humanitarian law which was also developed much later than the
    United States of America
    did not exist and hence could not have had regular forces; the American forces were an insurgency at least until 1776) and operating in or outside of their own territory even if the territory is under occupation. American forces did become regular forces but cannot be considered regular forces during the entire period of the
    guerrilla tactics. At the very least, a good portion of the ARW should be counted as IW, although the entire ARW being counted as IW is controversial. However, since more than 1/2 of the ARW was fought as ARW
    then it is thought that it is safe to classify it as IW even though that the American forces acted in all respects as regular forces towards the end of the conflict.

References

  1. Joint Force Quarterly. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b Gates, John M. "The U.S. Army and Irregular Warfare". College of Wooster. Archived from the original on 2009-06-23. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
  3. ^ "Irregular Warfare (IW) Joint Operating Concept (JOC)", Version 1.0, United States Department of Defense, 27 February 2009 [1]
  4. ^ "US Irregular Warfare (IW) Analysis Workshop", Military Operations Research Society (MORS), 11 September 2007 [2] Archived 2008-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b "Irregular Warfare (IW)", DoD Directive 3000.07, United States Department of Defense, 1 December 2008 [3]
  6. ^ "Quadrennial Roles & Missions (QRM) Review Report", United States Department of Defense, January 2009 [4]
  7. ^ "Irregular Warfare", Doctrine Document 2-3, United States Air Force, 1 August 2007 [5]
  8. JSTOR 10.7249/mg668a.10
    .
  9. OCLC 191719860
    .
  10. ^
    CIA. Archived from the original
    on 13 June 2007.
  11. ^ "The National Military Strategy of the United States of America" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2007.
  12. ^ Miller, Frank A. (15 March 2006). "Irregular Warfare – Perhaps Not So "Irregular" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2007.
  13. ^ "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America" (PDF). GlobalSecurity.org. United States National Security Council. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2003.
  14. ^ Grant, Greg (7 April 2009). "The Man Behind Irregular Warfare Push: Mike Vickers". DoDBuzz. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009.
  15. OCLC 49594086
    .
  16. ^ "Waller, Douglas, "The CIA Secret Army", Time Inc., 3 February 2003". time.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2003.
  17. ^ Stone, Kathryn & Williams, Anthony R., All Necessary Means: Employing CIA operatives in a Warfighting Role Alongside Special Operations Forces, United States Army War College (USAWC), 7 April 2003
  18. ISBN 978-1-883642-36-5
    , 1996
  19. ISBN 0-7432-0473-5
    , 19 November 2002
  20. ISBN 978-1-59921-366-8
    , 2008
  21. ISBN 978-0-7432-5547-9
    , 2004
  22. ^ Covert Action: Title 10, Title 50, and the Chain of Commanaad
  23. ^ "Irregular Warfare Special Study," United States Joint Forces Command Joint Warfighting Center, 4 August 2006 [6]
  24. ^ "Quadrennial Defense Review Report", United States Department of Defense, 6 February 2006 [7]
  25. ^ "Benest, David, "British Leaders and Irregular Warfare," 29 August 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  26. ISBN 978-1-84176-343-9.[permanent dead link
    ]
  27. ^ "U. S. Army Enhancement of Irregular Warfare Modeling & Simulation", United States Army Modeling and Simulation Office, 24 February 2009 [8] Archived 2016-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "MORS Workshop Irregular Warfare (IW) II Analysis Workshop", Military Operations Research Society, 3–6 February 2009 [9]
  29. ^ Cragg, Lt. Jennifer, "Behavior Studies May Improve Irregular Warfare Techniques", American Forces Press Service, 20 April 2009 [10]
  30. ^ "Av免费在线观看,国产免费A∨在线播放,国产高清AV免费观看,AV免费在线观看". Archived from the original on 2022-07-02. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  31. ^ "Home". unifiedquest.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  32. ^ a b c d "Maritime Stability Operations - PDF". docplayer.net. Retrieved 2017-09-07.

External links

Look up Irregular Warfare in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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