Modern warfare
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Modern warfare is
In its widest sense, it includes all warfare since the "gunpowder revolution" that marks the start of
Types
Some argue that the changing forms of third generation warfare represents nothing more than an evolution of earlier technology.[6]
Aerial
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Aerial warfare is the use of
Asymmetric
A military situation in which two belligerents of unequal strength interact and take advantage of their respective strengths and weaknesses. This interaction often involves strategies and tactics outside conventional warfare.
Biological
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill enemy combatants. It may also be defined as the employment of biological agents to produce casualties in man or animals and damage to plants or material; or defense against such employment. Biological warfare involves the intentional release of living pathogens either in their naturally occurring form, for example the diseased corpses of animals, or in the form of specific human-modified organisms.
Chemical
Chemical warfare is warfare (associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to incapacitate or kill enemy combatants. Chemical warfare nerve agents are potent anticholinesterase compounds deliberately formulated to induce debilitating effects or death during wartime hostilities. A key need for both community emergency preparedness, and restoration of military installations where agents have been processed and/or stored, is access to concise and timely information on agent characteristics and treatment, as well as health-based exposure guidelines derived in a clear manner by contemporary methods of data analysis.
Electronic
Electronic warfare refers to mainly non-violent practices used chiefly to support other areas of warfare. The term was originally coined to encompass the interception and
Fourth generation
Fourth generation warfare (4GW) is a concept defined by
While this term is similar to terrorism and asymmetric warfare, it is much narrower. Classical
Ground
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Ground warfare involves three types of combat units: infantry, armor, and artillery.
Infantry in modern times would consist of
Armored warfare in modern times involves a variety of
Artillery in contemporary times is distinguished by its large caliber, firing an
Guerrilla
Guerrilla warfare is defined as fighting by groups of
Guerrilla fighters gravitate toward weapons which are easily accessible, low in technology, and low in cost. A typical arsenal of the modern guerrilla would include the
Informationised
Intelligence
Propaganda
Propaganda is an ancient form of disinformation concerted with sending a set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people. Instead of impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience. The most effective propaganda is often completely truthful, but some propaganda presents facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis, or gives loaded messages in order to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the cognitive narrative of the subject in the target audience.
Psychological
Psychological warfare had its beginnings during the campaigns of
Information
Made possible by the widespread use of the electronic media during World War II, Information warfare is a kind of warfare where information and attacks on information and its system are used as a tool of warfare. Some examples of this type of warfare are electronic "sniffers" which disrupt international fund-transfer networks as well as the signals of television and radio stations. Jamming such signals can allow participants in the war to use the stations for a misinformation campaign.
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Naval warfare takes place on the high seas (blue water navy). Usually, only large, powerful nations have competent blue water or deep water navies. Modern navies primarily use
Network-centric
Network-centric warfare is essentially a new
The overall network which enables this strategy in the United States military is called the Global Information Grid.
New generation
New generation warfare is a Russian military theory of unconventional warfare based on the Gerasimov doctrine which prioritizes the psychological and people-centered aspects over traditional military concerns, and emphasizes a phased approach of non-military influence such that armed conflict, if it arises, is much less costly in human or economic terms.
Nuclear
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Nuclear war is a type of warfare which relies on nuclear weapons. There are two types of warfare in this category. In a limited nuclear war, a small number of weapons are used in a tactical exchange aimed primarily at enemy combatants. In a full-scale nuclear war, large numbers of weapons are used in an attack aimed at entire countries. This type of warfare would target both combatants and non-combatants.
Space
Space warfare is the hypothetical warfare that occurs outside the
Modern wars
Lists
- List of wars 1800–1899
- List of wars 1900–1944
- List of wars 1945–1989
- List of wars 1990–2002
- List of wars 2003–present
- List of ongoing armed conflicts
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
Major modern wars
- 1803 – Napoleonic Wars
- 1839 – Opium Wars
- 1846 – Mexican–American War
- 1853 – Crimean War
- 1861 – American Civil War[7]
- 1864 – Paraguayan War
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War
- 1877 – Russo-Turkish War
- 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War
- 1879 – War of the Pacific
- 1881 – Mahdist War
- 1899 – Second Boer War
- 1904 – Russo-Japanese War
- 1911 - Italo-Turkish War
- 1912 – Balkan Wars
- 1914 – World War I
- 1917 – Russian Civil War
- 1919 – Turkish War of Independence
- 1932 – Colombia–Peru War
- 1936 – Spanish Civil War
- 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War
- 1939 – World War II
- 1945 - Chinese Civil War (second phase)
- 1946 – First Indochina War
- 1950 – Korean War
- 1955 – Vietnam War
- 1967 – Six-Day War
- 1971 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
- 1973 – Yom Kippur War
- 1975 – Angolan Civil War
- 1977 – Ogaden War
- 1979 – Sino-Vietnamese War
- 1979 – Soviet–Afghan War
- 1980 – Iran–Iraq War
- 1982 – Falklands War
- 1983 – Sri Lankan Civil War
- 1988 – First Nagorno-Karabakh War
- 1990 – Gulf War
- 1991 – Somali Civil War
- 1992 – Bosnian War
- 1998 – Second Congo War
- 2001 – War on Terror
- 2001 – War in Afghanistan
- 2003 – Invasion of Iraq leading to the Iraq War
- 2011 – First Libyan Civil War
- 2011 – Syrian Civil War
- 2012 – Mali War
- 2014 – Iraqi Civil War
- 2014 – Russo-Ukrainian War
- 2014 – Yemeni Civil War
- 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
- 2020 – Tigray War
- 2022 – 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- 2023 – Israel-Hamas war
References
- ISBN 978-0-19-285373-8.
- ISBN 978-0199607891.
- ^ Creveld, Martin Van. "Technology and War II:Postmodern War?". In Charles Townshend (ed.). The Oxford History of Modern War. p. 349.
- ISBN 0275992683.
- ISBN 0760324077.
- ISBN 978-0-521-80079-2.
- ISBN 978-0819571878.
