Florida State Capitol
30°26′17″N 84°16′54″W / 30.43811°N 84.28160°W
Florida State Capitol | |
Location | 400 S Monroe St, Tallahassee, Florida |
---|---|
Area | 160000 |
Built | 1845[2] |
Architectural style | Classical Revival |
NRHP reference No. | 73000584[1] |
Added to NRHP | 1973[1] |
The Florida State Capitol in
The Historic Capitol, sometimes called "The Old Capitol", built in 1845, was threatened with demolition in the late 1970s when the new capitol building was built.
The New Tower houses
The
Names
The buildings are universally, though informally, known as the Old Capitol and the New Capitol; the former is sometimes called the Historic Capitol, or also, confusingly, the Florida State Capitol. The latter was its official name prior to the construction of the New Capitol in 1977, and was so called by the National Park Service even after the New Capitol was operating.[7] Its legal name today, however, is the Florida Historic Capitol Museum.[8] The New Capitol, as a whole, does not have a legal name. When it was planned, the Capitol Complex (which is a legal name) was going to consist of the House and Senate chambers, and the twenty-two-story office building.
History
Tallahassee was named Florida's capital in 1824, midway between the then-largest cities in the state,
The 1902 Capitol building was the last statehouse in which all of Florida's political business was housed under one roof. A decade later, the
The decision to build a new capitol
The 1960s were a time of political renewal in Florida that led to the Constitution of 1968 and the end of the Pork Chop Gang. The thrust of the renewal was to force conservative, north Florida politicians to cede power to the greatly expanded (in population and economic power) central and south Florida, until then seriously underrepresented in the legislature. As part of this discussion, the possible relocation of Florida's capital (convenient only to the north Floridians) closer to the state's center of population was considered.
A ballot question asked Florida voters to decide on the location of Florida's capital. Other major contenders were Ocala, Orlando, and Jacksonville. Through the ballot process, the voters decided the capital would remain in Tallahassee. [citation needed]
The decision to preserve the Old Capitol
The architects who designed the New Capitol were given the starting assumption the Old Capitol — which had to remain in use until the New Capitol was completed — would be removed. Therefore, the design of the New Capitol in no way reflected the style of the old one. The site design, also, was prepared under the assumption the space occupied by the Old Capitol would be vacant. Since the preservation movement did not begin until after the New Capitol had been completed, and the demolition was being prepared for, it was too late to make any changes to either the New Capitol or the site.
The Historic Capitol was saved through citizens' action led by Secretary of State Bruce Smathers and then wife Nancy McDowell. The efforts were successful and the building was restored to its 1902 appearance, the final House and Senate chambers having been demolished (though there are no surviving drawings or photographs to inform restoration of the interior). Architectural highlights include the elaborate art glass dome, red and white striped awnings,[10] and a representation of the Florida State Seal over the entry columns.
In 2011, the Florida Department of Management Services, in conjunction with MLD Architects,[11] began restoration of the Historic Capitol's cupola, which included new copper roofing, and Tallahassee's most photographed landmark[12] unveiled its new dome in April 2012.
The New Capitol
Architecture and layout
The Capitol Complex design was a joint venture of the architectural firms of Edward Durell Stone of New York City and Reynolds, Smith & Hills of Jacksonville. It was built according to Stone's signature style of "Neoclassicism", with an ornate grill surrounding a white-columned box. The design symbolized the growth and development of Florida.
The Capitol is usually referred to as a twenty-two-story building with a height of 345 feet (105 m). However, including the three underground floors, it is a 25-story building (though the sixth floor is only accessible through the freight elevator). The Governor and the Cabinet members have their offices on the Plaza Level of the Capitol. Floors two through four of the base structure of the Capitol are used for the chambers of the Senate and House of Representatives; the offices of the Senate President, Secretary and Sergeant at Arms; the House Speaker, Clerk, and Sergeant at Arms; some legislative committee offices and meeting rooms; and Member offices.
The Legislative Chambers are on the fourth floor with their respective public viewing galleries on the fifth floor. The floors between the observation deck and the first five floors are executive and legislative offices. There is a cafeteria on the lower level, a snack bar on the tenth floor, and the Florida Welcome Center just inside the west Plaza Level entrance. Florida Welcome Center staff conducts guided tours for groups of 15 or more and self-guided tours are available during business hours. The Senate office building and the House office building are each four stories high and on either end of the Capitol Complex. The bridges on the second and third floors allow people to walk between the Capitol and office buildings. These buildings contain primarily committee meeting rooms and legislative offices. The Knott Building was attached to the Capitol by a skywalk in 1999. The west front is known formally as Waller Park, for Curtis L. Waller, Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. In 2003, the dolphin statue "Stormsong" by Tallahassee artist Hugh Nicholson was added within Waller Park's Florida Heritage Fountain.
Points of interest
Capitol grounds
On the northeast corner of the Capitol Complex is the Florida
On the lawn of the Old Capitol sit two marble obelisks. The northern one is the Leon County Civil War Memorial;[14] The memorial commemorates Floridian Confederate soldiers who fought in the U.S Civil War.
The Capitol Complex grounds are maintained by the Florida Department of Management Services.
The Capitol
The Plaza Level holds several items of note besides the offices of the
The public viewing galleries for the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate are on the fifth floor. A series of murals of Florida's history by Christopher Still encircle the House chamber floor. Outside of the Senate galleries is the Five Flags Mural by Renee Faure depicting people from Florida history.
The Observation Deck is the top or twenty-second floor of the Capitol building. The deck is 307 feet (94 m) above the Plaza Level and 512 feet (156 m) above sea level. In the east wing is an art gallery featuring a rotating display of artwork by Florida resident artists and a series of bronze plaques on the inductees of the Florida Artists Hall of Fame. The southern side is the Freedom Shrine.
Florida Legislative Research Center & Museum
The capitol is home to the Florida Legislative Research Center & Museum, which features exhibits about Florida's legislative history. The archives include art, historic photographs, documents and oral histories. The Gallery at the Historic Capitol features changing exhibits of photographs from the museum.
See also
- Florida Democratic Party
- Marshall Ledbetter
- Republican Party of Florida
- List of state and territorial capitols in the United States
References
- ^ a b "Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com". Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-27. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
- ^ "FLheritage.com". FLheritage.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
- ^ a b "Florida Historic Capitol Museum". Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "flhistoriccapitol.gov". Archived from the original on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ "Florida Historic Capitol Museum". Archived from the original on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ "Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places". Aiaflatop100.org. Archived from the original on 2012-04-29. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
- ^ "Tech Notes", http://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/tech-notes/Tech-Notes-Windows07.pdf Archived 2016-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 9/20/2015.
- ^ http://www.flhistoriccapitol.gov/ Archived 2014-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 9/20/2015.
- ^ "Florida Memory • Architect Frank Milburn's original rendering for the 1902 additions of the Capitol - Tallahassee, Florida". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
- ^ These are discussed in a review of the engineering of the windows of the restored building, in a National Park Service publication, Tech Notes, http://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/tech-notes/Tech-Notes-Windows07.pdf Archived 2016-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 9/20/2015.
- ^ "The Historic Capital Reroof". 7 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
- ^ "Old Capitol's dome gets shine back with face-lift".
- ^ "Sri Chinmoy Peace State Marker - Tallahassee". 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
- ^ "Leon County Civil War Monument Historical Marker". Archived from the original on 2017-08-15. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
External links
- Florida's Historic Capitol - official site with history, exhibit and tour information
- Official brochure of the Historic Capitol
- History of Florida's Capitols - Florida Department of State
- The Old Capitol (The Florida Center of Political History and Governance)
- Florida Department of Management Services
- Florida Legislative Research Center & Museum - official site for the Historic Capitol