Joe DiMaggio
Joe DiMaggio | |||||||||||||||
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Center fielder | |||||||||||||||
Born: Martinez, California, U.S. | November 25, 1914|||||||||||||||
Died: March 8, 1999 Hollywood, Florida, U.S. | (aged 84)|||||||||||||||
Batted: Right Threw: Right | |||||||||||||||
MLB debut | |||||||||||||||
May 3, 1936, for the New York Yankees | |||||||||||||||
Last MLB appearance | |||||||||||||||
September 30, 1951, for the New York Yankees | |||||||||||||||
MLB statistics | |||||||||||||||
Batting average | .325 | ||||||||||||||
Hits | 2,214 | ||||||||||||||
Home runs | 361 | ||||||||||||||
Runs batted in | 1,537 | ||||||||||||||
Teams | |||||||||||||||
As player
As coach | |||||||||||||||
Career highlights and awards | |||||||||||||||
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Member of the National | |||||||||||||||
Baseball Hall of Fame | |||||||||||||||
Induction | 1955 | ||||||||||||||
Vote | 88.8% (fourth ballot) | ||||||||||||||
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Joseph Paul DiMaggio (born Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio; [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈpaːolo diˈmaddʒo]; November 25, 1914 – March 8, 1999), nicknamed "Joltin' Joe", "The Yankee Clipper" and "Joe D.", was an American baseball center fielder who played his entire 13-year career in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees. Born to Italian immigrants in California, he is widely considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time and is best known for setting the record for the longest hitting streak in baseball (56 games from May 15 – July 16, 1941), which still stands today.[1]
DiMaggio was a three-time
At the time of his retirement after the 1951 season, he ranked fifth in career
Early life
Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio was born on November 25, 1914, in
Giuseppe was a fisherman, as were generations of DiMaggios before him. Joe's brother Tom told Maury Allen that Rosalia's father wrote to her saying Giuseppe could earn a better living in California. Giuseppe and Rosalia decided that he would go to the United States for one year: if things were better, he would send for her; if not, he would return home. After being processed on Ellis Island, Giuseppe worked his way across the country, eventually settling near Rosalia's father in Pittsburg, on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area. After four years, he had earned enough money to send for Rosalia and their daughter, who was born after he left. When Joe was a toddler, Giuseppe moved his family to the North Beach section of San Francisco.[4]: 18 Giuseppe hoped that his five sons would become fishermen.[5]
DiMaggio recalled that he would do anything to get out of cleaning his father's boat, as the smell of dead fish nauseated him. Giuseppe called him "lazy" and "good-for-nothing". At age ten, he took up baseball, playing third base at the North Beach playground near his home. After attending Hancock Elementary and Francisco Middle School, DiMaggio dropped out of Galileo High School and worked odd jobs.[6]
By 1931, DiMaggio was playing semi-pro ball. Nearing the end of the 1932 season, his brother Vince, playing for the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), talked his manager into letting DiMaggio fill in at shortstop. He made his professional debut on October 1, 1932, playing the last three games. In less than two years, DiMaggio made the jump from the playground to the PCL, one notch below the majors.[4]: 34 In his full rookie year, from May 27 to July 25, 1933, he hit safely in 61 consecutive games, a PCL-record,[7] and second-longest in Minor League Baseball history.[8] "Baseball didn't really get into my blood until I knocked off that hitting streak," he said. "Getting a daily hit became more important to me than eating, drinking, or sleeping".
In 1934, DiMaggio suffered a potentially career-threatening knee injury when he tore
Professional career
New York Yankees (1936–1942, 1946–1951)
DiMaggio made his Major League debut on May 3, 1936, batting ahead of Lou Gehrig in the lineup. The Yankees had not been to the World Series since 1932, but they won the next four World Series. Over the course of his 13-year Major League career, DiMaggio led the Yankees to nine World Series championships, where he trails only Yogi Berra (10) in that category.[10]
DiMaggio set a franchise record for rookies in 1936 by hitting 29 home runs. DiMaggio accomplished the feat in 138 games.[11] His record stood for over 80 years until it was shattered by Aaron Judge, who tallied 52 homers in 2017.[12]
In 1937, DiMaggio built upon his rookie season by leading the majors with 46 home runs, 151 runs scored, and 418 total bases. He also hit safely in 43 of 44 games from June 27 to August 12.[13] He finished second in American League MVP voting in a close race with Charlie Gehringer of the Detroit Tigers.
In 1939, DiMaggio was nicknamed the "Yankee Clipper" by Yankee's play-by-play announcer
DiMaggio was pictured with his son on the cover of the inaugural issue of
In 1947, DiMaggio won his third MVP award and his sixth World Series with the Yankees. That year, Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey and Yankees GM Larry MacPhail verbally agreed to trade DiMaggio for Ted Williams, but the trade was canceled when MacPhail refused to include Yogi Berra.[17]
In the September 1949 issue of SPORT, Hank Greenberg said that DiMaggio covered so much ground in center field that the only way to get a hit against the Yankees was "to hit 'em where Joe wasn't." DiMaggio also stole home five times in his career.
On February 7, 1949, DiMaggio signed a contract worth $100,000 ($1,280,000 in current dollar terms) ($70,000 plus bonuses), and became the first baseball player to break $100,000 in earnings.[
I feel like I have reached the stage where I can no longer produce for my club, my manager, and my teammates. I had a poor year, but even if I had hit .350, this would have been my last year. I was full of aches and pains and it had become a chore for me to play. When baseball is no longer fun, it's no longer a game, and so, I've played my last game.
Through May 2009, DiMaggio was tied with
DiMaggio might have had better power-hitting statistics had his home park not been Yankee Stadium. In "The House That Ruth Built", its nearby right field favored the Babe's left-handed power. For right-handed hitters, its deep left and center fields made home runs almost impossible. Mickey Mantle recalled that he and Whitey Ford witnessed many DiMaggio blasts that would have been home runs anywhere other than Yankee Stadium (Ruth himself fell victim to that problem, as he also hit many long flyouts to center). Bill James calculated that DiMaggio lost more home runs due to his home park than any other player in history. Left-center field went as far back as 457 ft [139 m], whereas left-center rarely reaches 380 ft [116 m] in today's ballparks. Al Gionfriddo's famous catch in the 1947 World Series, which was close to the 415-foot mark [126 m] in left-center, would have been a home run in the Yankees' current ballpark. DiMaggio hit 148 home runs in 3,360 at-bats at home versus 213 home runs in 3,461 at-bats on the road. His slugging percentage at home was .546, and on the road, it was .610. Statistician Bill Jenkinson commented on these figures:
For example, Joe DiMaggio was acutely handicapped by playing at Yankee Stadium. Every time he batted in his home field during his entire career, he did so knowing that it was physically impossible for him to hit a home run to the half of the field directly in front of him. If you look at a baseball field from foul line to foul line, it has a 90-degree radius. From the power alley in the left-center field (430 in Joe's time) to the fence in the deep right-center field (407 ft), it is 45 degrees. And Joe DiMaggio never hit a single home run over the fences at Yankee Stadium in that 45-degree graveyard. It was just too far. Joe was plenty strong; he routinely hit balls in the 425-foot range. But that just wasn't good enough in the cavernous Yankee Stadium. Like Ruth, he benefited from a few easy homers each season due to the short foul line distances. But he lost many more than he gained by constantly hitting long flyouts toward center field. Whereas most sluggers perform better on their home fields, DiMaggio hit only 41 percent of his career home runs in the Bronx. He hit 148 homers at Yankee Stadium. If he had hit the same exact pattern of batted balls with a typical modern stadium as his home, he would have belted about 225 homers during his home-field career.
DiMaggio became eligible for the
After he resigned from the Athletics, DiMaggio was named the acting manager for the East team in the East-West Major League Baseball Classic which was held in honor of the late Martin Luther King Jr., raising charity money for King's causes.[25]
1941 hitting streak
DiMaggio's streak is the most extraordinary thing that ever happened in American sports.
— Stephen Jay Gould[26]
DiMaggio's most famous achievement is his MLB record-breaking 56-game
A Yankee Stadium crowd of 52,832 fans watched DiMaggio tie the all-time hitting streak record (44 games,
Some consider DiMaggio's streak
World War II
DiMaggio enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces on February 17, 1943, rising to the rank of sergeant. He was stationed at Santa Ana, California, Hawaii, and Atlantic City, New Jersey, as a physical education instructor.[41] He was released on a medical discharge in September 1945, due to chronic stomach ulcers.[42] Other than being paid $21 a month, DiMaggio's service was as comfortable as a soldier's life could be. He spent most of his military career playing for baseball teams and in exhibition games against fellow Major Leaguers and minor league players, and superiors gave him special privileges due to his prewar fame. DiMaggio ate so well from an athlete-only diet that he gained 10 pounds, and while in Hawaii he and other players mostly tanned on the beach and drank. Embarrassed by his lifestyle, DiMaggio requested that he be given a combat assignment but was turned down.[23]
Parents as "enemy aliens"
Giuseppe and Rosalia DiMaggio, both from
Marriages
Dorothy Arnold
In January 1937, DiMaggio met actress Dorothy Arnold on the set of Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, in which he had a minor role, and she was an extra. He announced their engagement on April 25, 1939, just before the Yankees were to meet the Philadelphia Athletics.[43] They married at Saints Peter and Paul Church, San Francisco on November 19, 1939, as 20,000 well-wishers jammed the streets. Their son, Joseph Paul DiMaggio Jr. (1941–1999), was born at Doctors' Hospital in Staten Island.[44] The couple divorced in 1944, while he was on leave from the Yankees during World War II.
Marilyn Monroe
According to her autobiography My Story, co-written with Ben Hecht,[45] Monroe originally did not want to meet DiMaggio, fearing he was a stereotypically arrogant athlete. However, they did meet in Los Angeles while on a blind date.[46] After dating for two years,[47] they eloped at San Francisco City Hall on January 14, 1954.[46] Although she suffered from endometriosis, Monroe and DiMaggio each expressed to reporters their desire to start a family.[48]
The union was troubled from the start by DiMaggio's jealousy, controlling attitude, and him physically abusing Monroe;
DiMaggio was also devastated, and wrote to Monroe, saying, "I love you and want to be with you…There is nothing I would like better than to restore your confidence in me…My heart split even wider seeing you cry in front of all those people."[46] He also wrote, “[I don't] know what your thoughts are about me, but I can tell you I love you sincerely — way deep in my heart, irregardless of anything."[46] After the divorce, DiMaggio underwent therapy, stopped drinking alcohol, and expanded his interests beyond baseball.[53]
On August 1, 1956, an International News
DiMaggio reentered Monroe's life as her marriage to Arthur Miller was ending. On February 10, 1961, he secured her release from Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic in Manhattan. She joined him in Florida where he was a batting coach for the Yankees. Their "just friends" claim did not stop remarriage rumors from flying. Reporters staked out her Manhattan apartment building. Bob Hope "dedicated" Best Song nominee "The Second Time Around" to them at the 33rd Academy Awards.
According to Maury Allen's biography, DiMaggio was alarmed at how Monroe had fallen in with people he felt were detrimental to her well-being. Val Monette, the owner of a military post-exchange supply company, told Allen that DiMaggio left his employ on August 1, 1962, because he had decided to ask Monroe to remarry him.
Four days later, on August 5, Monroe was
Devastated, DiMaggio claimed Monroe's body and arranged for her funeral at
According to DiMaggio's attorney Morris Engelberg, DiMaggio's last words were "I'll finally get to see Marilyn."[57] Though DiMaggio's brother Dominic challenged Engelberg's version of Joe's final moments and his motives,[58][59] Engleberg continuously denied those who questioned DiMaggio's last words, reporting that one night when he and a terminally ill DiMaggio were sitting together, DiMaggio told him, "I don’t feel bad about dying. At least I’ll be with Marilyn again."[57]
Advertising
In the 1970s, DiMaggio became a spokesman for Mr. Coffee, and was the face of the electric drip coffee makers for over 20 years. Vincent Marotta, the CEO of North American Systems, which manufactured Mr. Coffee at the time, recruited DiMaggio for the advertising campaign.[60] DiMaggio's spots were successful with consumers. In a 2007 interview with The Columbus Dispatch, Marotta joked that "millions of kids grew up thinking Joe DiMaggio was a famous appliance salesman."[60] Despite the commercials, DiMaggio rarely drank coffee due to ulcers;[60] and when he did drink coffee, he preferred Sanka instant coffee rather than coffee brewed by Mr. Coffee machines.[60]
In 1972, DiMaggio became a spokesman for the Bowery Savings Bank. Except for a five-year hiatus in the 1980s, he regularly made commercials for them until 1992.[61] In 1986, he became a spokesperson for Florida's Cross Keys Village, an active retirement community.[62]
Television programs
Beginning in April 1952, DiMaggio had 10-minute programs on Channel 11 in New York City before and after each Yankees' home game. Episodes included interviews with guests and DiMaggio's comments about baseball. The team owned the program, with DiMaggio under contract to the Yankees. He also did Joe DiMaggio's Dugout on Channel 4 in New York City, a weekly filmed program unrelated to the pre-and post-game shows. It featured instructional sessions and quizzes for young people.[63]
Death
DiMaggio was a heavy smoker for much of his adult life.[64] He was admitted to Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, on October 12, 1998, for lung cancer surgery and remained there for 99 days.[65] He returned to his home in Hollywood, Florida, on January 19, 1999, where he died on March 8 at age 84. DiMaggio's attorney, Morris Engleberg reported that his last words were, "I'll finally get to see Marilyn," referencing his ex-wife Marilyn Monroe.[57]
DiMaggio's funeral was held on March 11, 1999, at Saints Peter and Paul Church in San Francisco,[66] and he was interred three months later at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.[67] His son also died that year, on August 6, at age 57.[68]
Legacy
At his death, The New York Times called DiMaggio's 1941 56-game hitting streak "perhaps the most enduring record in sports."[56]
According to American geneticist Mary-Claire King, in the spring of 1981 DiMaggio babysat her daughter at the San Francisco airport so King could drop her mother off to her flight to Chicago. According to King, if it were not for DiMaggio's kindness, she would have almost certainly missed her own flight that was taking her and her daughter to Washington, D.C., a trip that eventually resulted in King's getting her first major grant from the National Institutes of Health and the discovery of the breast and ovarian cancer-causing gene BRCA1.[69]
On September 17, 1992, the doors were opened at Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, for which he raised over $4 million.[56]
On April 13, 1998, DiMaggio was given the Sports Legend Award at the 13th annual American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame Awards Dinner in New York City. Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State and a longtime fan of DiMaggio, made the presentation to the Yankee great. The event was one of DiMaggio's last public appearances before taking ill.
In 2000 after some negotiations,[70] the heirs of Joe DiMaggio's estate, two granddaughters and their four children, welcomed the renaming of San Francisco's North Beach playground, the place where Joe DiMaggio first took up baseball as a boy, as the Joe DiMaggio North Beach Playground.[71]
In 2001, Major League Baseball introduced an online daily fantasy game called "Beat the Streak" which required players to pick one or two MLB players to get a hit in a game that day. The goal was to pick correctly 57 times in a row to beat DiMaggio's record streak. As of August 2021[update], the prize money for beating the streak was $5.6 million; more than 4.5 million players had combined to make over 100 million attempts but none had reached even 52 consecutive hits in the game's history.[72]
In May 2006, the adopted daughters of DiMaggio's son held an auction of DiMaggio's personal items. Highlights included the ball he hit in breaking
On August 8, 2011, the United States Postal Service announced that an image of DiMaggio would appear on a stamp for the first time. It was issued as part of the "Major League Baseball All-Star Stamp Series," which came out in July 2012.[73]
DiMaggio insisted on being introduced as the "Greatest Living Ballplayer" at events, including Yankee Old-Timers Day, and he once punched Billy Crystal in the stomach for not introducing him as such.[74]
In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored DiMaggio as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army Air Force during World War II.[75]
The Joe DiMaggio Fields in his hometown of Martinez, California are named after him.
Career statistics
Category | G | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI |
BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS |
FLD% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 1,736 | 6,821 | 1,390 | 2,214 | 389 | 131 | 361 | 1,537 | 790 | 369 | .325 | .398 | .579 | .977 | .978 | [1] |
DiMaggio played in 10 World Series, winning 9. His only loss was in the 1942 World Series. He batted .271 (54-199), with 27 runs scored, 8 home runs, and 30 RBI in 51 post-season games.
In popular culture
An American icon, DiMaggio's popularity during his career was such that he was referenced in film, television, literature, art, and music both during his career and decades after he retired.
Art
- Gallagher's Steak House (2006)[76]
- Robert Casilla: The Continuity of Greatness[77]
- Devon Dikeou: Marilyn Monroe Wanted to Be Buried in Pucci installation (2008)[78]
- Harvey Dinnerstein: The Wide Swing (1979) sold at auction for $95,000[79]
- Curt Flood: painting of DiMaggio sold at auction for $9,500[80]
- Boys' Life[81]
- Zenos Frudakis: bronze sculpture of DiMaggio for the Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital[82]
- Bill Gallo: caricature of DiMaggio and Ted Williams sold at auction for $750[83]
- Red Grooms: Joltin' Joe Takes a Swing installation (1985–1988)[84]
- Stephen Holland: Joe DiMaggio (2005)
- giclee of DiMaggio sold at auction for $325[85]
- Tommy McDonald: paintings of DiMaggio sold at auction for $4,000,[86] and $2,300[79]
- Willard Mullin: 1936 drawing of DiMaggio sold at auction for $2,600[83]
- LeRoy Neiman: Joe DiMaggio, New York Yankees (1969), Joe DiMaggio, San Francisco Seals (1989), and The DiMaggio Cut (1998)
- Bruce Stark: caricature of DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle sold at auction for $700[87]
- Mark Ulriksen: illustration of DiMaggio for the cover of the April 12, 1999 The New Yorker[non-primary source needed]
Cartoons, comics and graphic novels
- Boobs in the Woods: Daffy yells at Porky: "Steal home, DiMaggio! It means the game! Attaboy, DiMaggio! Hit the dirt! Slide, DiMaggio! Slide!" Porky then breaks the Fourth wall and says: "Why am I sliding for? I'm not DiMaggio".
- DC Comics' 100 Bullets by Brian Azzarello and Eduardo Risso:
- Harvey Comics' Babe Ruth Sports Comics (August 1949)[90]
- Parents' Magazine's True Comics #71 (May 1948)[91]
- Revolutionary Comics' Baseball Legends: Joe DiMaggio (July 1992)[92]
Literature
- "Buck Wischnewski" is based on him in Alvah Bessie's 1966 novel The Symbol[non-primary source needed]
- "The Ex-Athlete" is based on him in Joyce Carol Oates's 2000 novel Blonde.[93]
- "The Silent Season of a Hero" by Gay Talese, is a celebrated 1966 piece for Esquire magazine[non-primary source needed]
- In Ernest Hemingway's 1952 novel, The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago is a fan of DiMaggio.[94]
Music
- Asia: "Joe DiMaggio's Glove"[95][non-primary source needed]
- Billy Bragg and Woody Guthrie: "DiMaggio Done It Again"[non-primary source needed]
- Les Brown & His Band of Renown's "Joltin' Joe DiMaggio"[96]
- Kinky Friedman: "Marilyn and Joe"[non-primary source needed]
- Mike Plume: "DiMaggio"[non-primary source needed]
- Abie Rotenberg: "The Great Joe DiMaggio's Card"[non-primary source needed]
- Simon & Garfunkel: "Mrs. Robinson"[97]
- Billy Joel: "We Didn't Start the Fire"[98]
- Vulfpeck: "1 for 1, Dimaggio"[non-primary source needed]
- Bon Jovi: "Captain Crash and the Beauty Queen from Mars"
- Madonna: "Vogue"
- Tim Curry: "I Do the Rock"[99]
- John Fogerty: "Centerfield"
Movies
- 61*, played by Michael Nouri
- The Goddess: "Dutch Seymour" is based on DiMaggio[non-primary source needed]
- Insignificance: "The Ballplayer" is based on DiMaggio[non-primary source needed]
- Blonde, played by Bobby Cannavale[100]
- Manhattan Merry-Go-Round (film), Joe DiMaggio played himself
TV movies
- Marilyn & Me, portrayed by Sal Landi
- Marilyn: The Untold Story, portrayed by Frank Converse
- Norma Jean & Marilyn, portrayed by Peter Dobson
- The Rat Pack, portrayed by John Diehl
- The Secret Life of Marilyn Monroe, portrayed by Jeffrey Dean Morgan
Theatre
- Insignificance (1982) by Terry Johnson: The Ballplayer is based on DiMaggio[non-primary source needed]
- Marilyn: An American Fable (1983): DiMaggio is a character
- Arthur and Joe (2012) by Allan Havis: DiMaggio is a character[101]
- Bronx Bombers (2013) by Eric Simonson: DiMaggio is a character[102]
Television
- The Bronx Is Burning, played by Christopher McDonald
- Blonde: "The Baseball Player" is based on DiMaggio [non-primary source needed]
- Room Full of Heroes": Martin dresses as DiMaggio, his boyhood hero
- M*A*S*H:
- "Showtime": Jackie Flash mentions DiMaggio during a routine
- "Pressure Points": Potter mentions DiMaggio while talking to Freedman
- "20th Century-Fox Switchboard operator that he's DiMaggio's "friend" Ted Williams
- Seinfeld, "The Note": Kramer tries to convince the gang that he saw DiMaggio at Dinky Donuts
See also
- List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
- List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle
- List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise
References
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Works cited
- Banner, Lois (2012). Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-3133-5.
- Churchwell, Sarah (2004). The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe. Granta Books. ISBN 978-0-312-42565-4.
- Spoto, Donald (2001). Marilyn Monroe: The Biography. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1183-3.
- Summers, Anthony (1985). Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe. Victor Gollancz Ltd. ISBN 978-0-575-03641-3.
Further reading
- ISBN 0684853914.
- ISBN 978-0380704620.
- Charyn, Jerome (2011). Joe DiMaggio: The Long Vigil. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300123289.
- ISBN 978-1603201773.
- O'Toole, Andrew (2015). Strangers in the Bronx: DiMaggio, Mantle, and the Changing of the Yankee Guard. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1629370279.
- Positano, Rock; Positano, John (2017). Dinner with DiMaggio: Memories of An American Hero. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1501156847.
- Monroe, Marilyn; Hecht, Ben (1974). My Story. Stein and Day. ISBN 9780812817072.
External links
- Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet
- Official website
- Joe DiMaggio at the Baseball Hall of Fame
- Joe DiMaggio at the SABR Baseball Biography Project
- Joe DiMaggio at IMDb