KWKW
FCC | |
Facility ID | 38454 |
---|---|
Class | B |
Power | 5,000 watts |
Transmitter coordinates | 34°01′10″N 118°20′44″W / 34.01944°N 118.34556°W |
Translator(s) | 100.7 K264CQ (Los Angeles) |
Repeater(s) | 1220 KTMZ (Pomona) |
Links | |
Public license information | |
Webcast | Listen live |
Website | www |
KWKW (1330
Historically, this station is perhaps best known as KFAC, one of the most visible commercial
Since 2003, the studios for KWKW have been located in the Los Angeles Hollywood Hills neighborhood, while the station transmitter is located in the nearby Crenshaw District, shared with KABC (790 AM) and KFOX (1650 AM).[7] In addition to a standard analog transmission, KWKW's programming is streamed online and relayed over both low-power FM translator K264CQ (100.7 FM) and full-power Pomona station KTMZ (1220 AM).
History
KJS and KTBI
The
In August 1925, the station changed its call letters to KTBI to identify the station with The Bible Institute.[8] KTBI's program director in 1927, Herbert G. Tovey, also conducted the institute's women's glee club; the Bible Institute offered a range of music courses to its students.[19] Programming continued to feature the Church of the Open Door, as well as devotionals and a "Jewish Radio Hour", in addition to a daily children's program, Aunt Martha's Children's Hour.[20] The station broadcast on a variety of frequencies—including 830 kHz, 1020 kHz (sharing time with KHJ), 1040 kHz[20] and 1090 kHz[18]—before receiving the 1300 kHz assignment in General Order 40 reallocation.[21] KTBI moved to new studios in June 1928[22] alongside a power increase to 1,000 watts.[23] General Order 40 paired the station with another religious outlet: KGEF, the station of controversial evangelist Robert P. Shuler and his Trinity Methodist Church.[24]
KTBI operated on a noncommercial basis. As a result, when the
A very visible reminder of KJS/KTBI's past existence would soon be constructed by the Bible Institute: two large red "Jesus Saves" neon signs on top of their headquarters next to the former transmission tower.
KFAC
Move to Wilshire
The Los Angeles Broadcasting Company was headed up by
In the wake of the
Starting in 1932, KFAC began broadcasting unlimited time through a series of authorizations under special temporary authority; this arrangement became permanent in January 1933 when the FRC
Whoa Bill and a springboard to stardom
Shortly after relaunching as KFAC, on July 30, 1931, an afternoon
The station also carried games from the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League starting with the 1936 season, the majority of which would be recreations produced at their studios.[65] Entertainer Bing Crosby hosted a half-hour "radio rally" over KFAC on November 21, 1937, to promote the upcoming Loyola-Gonzaga college football matchup that included a musical performance by Crosby—a Gonzaga alum—and an on-air debate between Crosby and Times sports editor Bill Henry.[66] KFAC would also debut a popular music program, Lucky Lager Dance Time, on August 1, 1941;[67] hosted by Ira Cook, the late-evening program would later be regarded as one of the first record chart programs of its kind,[68] and even featured conductor Leopold Stokowski as a guest host once.[69]
KFAC would prove to be a springboard for entertainers and performers. Legendary broadcaster Stan Chambers began his career in 1937 as an actor for a weekly children's program produced by one of his teachers at St. Brendan School, visiting the station repeatedly.[65] John Conte started his career in show business as an announcer at KFAC for two years.[70] Barbara Eiler was cast for a KFAC show portraying famous actresses in their teens after being approached by a high school classmate asking if she wanted to act on the radio;[71] that sustaining program led to supporting roles in The Life of Riley and A Day in the Life of Dennis Day, along with various film and television roles.[72] Following a broadcast of the Radio Chautauqua Show in 1936, the station received a phone call from Eddie Cantor inquiring about one of the young girls who performed on the program; Deanna Durbin would become a part of Cantor's radio show and later, a movie star signed to Universal Studios.[73]
Classical evolution
We open with an overture so people can finish their dishes and sit down in time to catch the symphony. Do you realize that a conductor programs five concerts a year while I have to do six a week? Multiply that by fifty-two and see what you get!
Thomas Cassidy, KFAC Evening Concert host[74]
While KFAC later regarded January 15, 1938, as their "birthdate" in the station's 1978 "40th Anniversary" program guide—which was in reality the birthday of then-general manager George Fritzinger[75]—the station began playing recorded classical music on a set schedule with the launch of Concert Hall on October 14, 1935, a daily program narrated by P. Alfred Leonard.[76] Leonard had been hired as KFAC's "director of symphonic music" and promised in a Times interview to lift the station's musical standards with shows devoted to music appreciation.[77] Through the remainder of the 1930s, and indeed on that aforementioned 1938 date, KFAC's program lineup was a mixture of Concert Hall, live and recorded music, Times newscasts, sporting events, the "Whoa Bill" Club and scripted fare.[78]
Their first regularly-scheduled long-form classical music program, The Gas Company Evening Concert, debuted on October 1, 1940, and aired six nights a week, Sundays excluded.[79][80] Having been encouraged by his wife to enter radio broadcasting,[74] Thomas Cassidy joined the station from KIDO in Boise, Idaho, in December 1943 as the host of Evening Concert,[81] a role he would maintain for the next 43 years.[82] Cassidy would become so closely associated with the program that his obituary erroneously regarded his joining the station as when Evening Concert began.[83] KFAC and The Gas Company eventually expanded Evening Concert's reach via regional syndication to both Riverside's KPRO (1440 AM) on January 1, 1958,[84] and Santa Barbara's KDB (1490 AM) by June 1963.[85]
During this transitional period,
The success of Evening Concert, as well as Musical Masterpieces, another program hosted by Cassidy,[81][90] facilitated the station's evolution into a full-time classical music outlet. Harry Mitchell, a former announcer at the Hollywood Palladium, was appointed as program director on July 6, 1944, and pledged to have the station place a greater emphasis on live programming.[91] E.L. Cord allegedly toured the studios one day in 1945 and recognized the substantial investments KFAC had made in classical recordings, finalizing the evolution.[92] While very much still a commercial station, Cord continued to operate KFAC mostly as a personal hobby despite not knowing much about the classical music genre;[93] his own personal tastes and expectations were eventually reflected in the station's on-air presentation that persisted for decades.[94]
Unprecedented on-air continuity
In hectic prewar days when all four network stations were pounding away with chain programs and a dozen locals yacked away all day long between run-of-the-mill records and canned news . . . KFAC raised an eyebrow, cocked an ear, cleared its throat and announced to one and all its now nationally known basic programming policy . . . it proved that it pays to be different and that there's a big exclusive audience for good music . . . and so, KFAC became the Music Station for Southern California, and it still is.
Excerpt from a KFAC industry trade advertisement, Broadcasting, December 29, 1952[95]
KFAC also was in the process of slowly assembling an airstaff that had an unprecedented level of continuity. Fred Crane, an actor most famous for his supporting role as Brent Tarleton in Gone with the Wind,[94] was hired as a part-time announcer while still continuing to perform on film and television; Fred's position became full-time in the early 1960s.[96] Tom Dixon and Dick Crawford notably were hired on the same date in 1947. Dixon—an Edmonton native who joined the station after simultaneous work at KHJ, KNX (1070 AM) and KMPC (710 AM) emceeing multiple programs, including The Billie Burke Show[97]—served as afternoon announcer for nearly 39 years,[98] while Crawford primarily worked on weekends.[90]
Pacific Coast League baseball broadcasts, Lucky Lager Dance Time and Uncle Whoa Bill were among the last remaining non-classical programs to remain on the schedule; the baseball games at times wound up delaying the start time for Evening Concert by as much as two hours before being dropped at the end of the 1945 season.
Howard Rhines was hired away from KMPC in 1949 to become KFAC's program director. until 1967.
Branching to FM; solidifying the format
KFAC signed on an FM adjunct, KFAC-FM, on December 29, 1948, at 104.3 MHz.[116] The FM antenna was initially placed at the AM transmitter site, which had moved to the Crenshaw district in 1947[117] along with a power increase for the AM station to 5,000 watts; this site is still in use today by KWKW, as well as KABC and KFOX.[29] KFAC started carrying live concerts from the Hollywood Bowl amphitheater in 1952 as part of Evening Concert. The station pioneered an early form of stereo broadcasting by having two microphones placed on different sides of the venue, with the audio separately fed to the AM and FM stations. Advertisements placed by The Gas Company encouraged Evening Concert listeners at home who had two radios were instructed to place them seven to twelve feet apart, with one tuned to KFAC-FM and the other tuned to KFAC.[118]
The first such broadcast in 1953 had mixed reviews due to KFAC-FM's relatively weak signal strength; an opinion column in the Redlands Daily Facts concluded their review by publicly advocating for KFAC-FM's antenna to be moved to Mount Wilson alongside the TV stations.[119] KFAC-FM would do just that, filing paperwork with the FCC in March 1954 to move the antenna to Mount Wilson and shifting frequencies from 104.3 MHz to 92.3 MHz,[117] increasing the potential audience by 1.5 million people and the overall coverage area from 720 square miles to 8,300 square miles.[120] While the facility changes took place a few days prior, it was formally dedicated as part of another pseudo-stereo broadcast from the Bowl on July 15, 1954.[118] As KFAC-FM moved to Mount Wilson prior to the FCC enacting limits for power output by FM stations in 1962, it is formally classified as a "superpower" FM by operating at a maximum power level, but with the antenna being placed well above the height limit.[121]
Both KFAC and KFAC-FM would move out of the Fuller Motors dealership penthouse to new studios at the Prudential Square in the
As KFAC solidified its reputation and format as a classical music outlet, it also set out to remove some of the few remaining deviations from its format. On February 15, 1957, it notified the First Methodist Church of Los Angeles, which paid commercial rates to broadcast its Sunday morning service over KFAC, that it would terminate the agreement.[125] First Methodist claimed to have the oldest church service broadcasts in America, which were first made in 1923.[126] KFAC carried First Methodist's morning and evening services beginning in 1942;[127] in 1951, the station had removed the evening service from its schedule.[128] After First Methodist asked the FCC for a hearing into the issue, claiming that the cancellation affected the station's commitment at its last license renewal to carry 1.79 percent religious programming, the commission denied the request in May.[129] With the petition denied, the church began airing its services over KPOL.[126]
From Cleveland to Atlantic
The two stations would remain in E.L. Cord's name until August 1962, when he would sell them to Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated, headed by former
KFAC at this time boasted weekly concert broadcasts by the
You take (a listener to KFAC) who listens to Brahms or Beethoven and enjoys it thoroughly because it's great romantic music, but he'll hear modern music and he'll be up in arms. I have letters here that are driving me out of my mind because people are accusing us of spending most of our time playing modern classical music, which isn't true but that's the way they see it. So it's ugly. To them it's ugly; to us it's beautiful.
Carl Princi, KFAC operations manager[102]
Ray T. Miller died on July 13, 1966.
The waiver for KFAC and KFAC-FM was ultimately granted by the commission, and the deal was approved on October 29, 1969, on the condition that WERE-FM would be sold "as soon as practicable";
The Listeners' Guild and innovative programming
Despite the arguments presented to the FCC that separate program lineups and philosophies on KFAC and KFAC-FM would be unworkable, the full-time simulcast ended in 1970 with the FM station programmed separately for 18 hours a day; both stations also eschewed "semi-classical" programming in favor of more serious works.[148] Another noticeable change was the adoption of clustered commercial breaks and on-air identifications similar to the Top 40 format, which was claimed to help increase the amount of music the stations could play.[149] The stations also established the KFAC Listeners' Guild in 1970 supported by an annual $3 membership fee, allowing listeners to provide direct feedback to the station and its operations.[150] The Guild boasted over 11,000 paid members within the first year.[134][151]
On January 17, 1972,[152] under newly installed program director Bernie Alan,[153] the AM station took a more "popular" approach to music selections, playing familiar tunes and melodies with the aim of attracting younger listeners, while KFAC-FM took a more serious approach via a deeper playlist and broader spectrum of selections.[154] Both stations continued to simulcast core programming like Evening Concert, Luncheon at the Lincoln Center, and Continental Classics.[155] All of these changes were not without controversy as a group of listeners filed challenges to KFAC's licenses with the FCC over the newly instituted programming policies.[131] The station settled the dispute by November 1972 by resuming publication of a program guide, seeking to tone down commercials, increasing the variety of selections aired on the AM frequency[156] and ultimately relieving Bernie Alan of his programming duties.[157]
Clyde Allen, Ph.D. served as KFAC's music director for 14 years[158] in addition to being the music director for the Los Angeles Ballet upon their 1974 formation.[159] Allen wrote and produced multiple documentaries, including a 12-hour KFAC retrospective that aired over both stations on January 14, 1979. Billed as celebrating "40 years of classical music programming," with an assortment of interviews, airchecks from past programs and other archival material, it was a largely apocryphal marketing promotion.[69] After moving studios from Prudential Square to the former Villa Capri restaurant on Hollywood's Yucca Street in 1982,[94][160] KFAC unveiled a large mural painted by Thomas Surlyz outside of the station building on Christmas Day, 1983, showing their long-tenured airstaff cavorting with their respective favorite historical composers.[104]
The station formally
KFAC would continue to develop different specialty shows. Global Village debuted in 1971 and aired for two hours every Friday night; developed by Dennis Parnell, it was a "mosaic program concept" that included selections of any type of music, along with poetry and other readings.[168] After Dennis Parnell left the station, KCSN host Doug Ordunio assumed several of Parnell's duties, taking over Global Village's production and provided the impetus for other shows.[169] Those shows included: Soundscape, simulcast over both stations, with no set format but the intent to display similarities between different music styles, along with discussions over the selections by Fred Crane;[169] At Home With, featuring interviews recorded at the homes of classical musical celebrities who lived in Southern California;[92] The Circular Path, a set of five four-hour specials surrounding music concepts and forms which would eventually repeat themselves; and Making Waves, a weekly program of new-age music. Soundscape replaced a self-titled show hosted by Skip Weshner that ran from 1973 to 1979,[90][169] Weshner would return to the station in 1983 to host the show again for one additional year.[170] Ordunio also became a staff announcer in 1981 hosting Artsline, a daily call-in talk show devoted to the arts that aired exclusively on the AM frequency.[171]
Dismissing the "KFAC Old Guard"
Because publicity is rather obscure in our pursuit of broadcasting the classics--we are not, after all, your typical day-to-day hot copy--we felt more or less like anonymous creatures. I have actually received more recognition by being fired than at almost any other time in my career. I had no idea that so many people considered me a part of their daily lives.
Tom Dixon, former KFAC host[94]
Classic Communications, Inc., a group of investors headed by Louise Heifetz—the daughter-in-law of violin virtuoso Jascha Heifetz[94]—purchased the two stations from ASI on April 8, 1986, for $33.5 million (equivalent to $93.1 million in 2023);[172] KFAC executive vice president/sales manager Edward Argow was also a part of the group and was named chief operating officer.[173] At age 57, Ralph Guild, the head of ASI, thought it was time to sell KFAC.[172] When the sale closed on December 17, program director Carl Princi announced his departure effective January 1, 1987, KUSC executive Robert Goldfarb was appointed as his replacement; while Heifetz did mention some program changes would take place, she denied KFAC would change format.[174] In a shocking move, however, Princi, Tom Dixon, Fred Crane, Martin Workman, Doug Ordunio and A. James Liska were all fired outright on December 31, 1986, along with most of the engineering staff.[94][175] Dixon notably was dismissed in the middle of his airshift, while Workman was fired immediately after his show ended; The Gas Company Evening Concert was the lone show retained on the schedule due to being a sponsored program under a separate contract.[176] Evening Concert host Thomas Cassidy himself retired from full-time duties on February 7.[82]
In retrospect, the multi-decade tenure of Crane and Dixon and Princi must stand as one of the airwaves' major miracles. And that's just the point. These men deserve a better fate... all that's missing here is a simple show of respect. Not just for the announcers who've lost their jobs, but for the thousands of listeners who feel they've lost some old friends.
Marc Shulgold, January 15, 1987[177]
Robert Goldfarb publicly re-positioned KFAC as "100% classical", eschewing jazz selections and Broadway show tunes, with a younger airstaff consisting of Mary Fain from
The firings and programming adjustments were met with a generally negative response from the public and dismay among the fired personnel. A commentary piece for the Los Angeles Times by Marc Shulgold noted how he had an "unsettling experience" while listening to the revamped format and concluded by saying the fired air talent and their listeners all deserved a better fate.[177] For their part, Carl Princi, Tom Dixon and Fred Crane all told the Times that Heifetz, Goldfarb and Argow badly misjudged the station's audience and predicted that KFAC's ratings and revenue would suffer as a result, while Dixon noted the outpouring of support from listeners upset at his removal far exceeded the recognition he received at any other point in his career.[94] The dismissed announcers would subsequently file an age-discrimination lawsuit against KFAC and prevailed in court.[96]
The end of KFAC
KFAC and KFAC-FM were sold in two separate deals for a combined $63.7 million. After being put on the market in April 1988,[180] KFAC was sold to Lotus Communications for $8.7 million (equivalent to $22.4 million in 2023) on July 15.[181][182] Just before that deal closed on January 17, 1989, KFAC-FM was subsequently sold to Evergreen Media for $55 million (equivalent to $135 million in 2023).[183] The FM alone set a record for the most expensive sale of a classical music outlet in the United States.[184] At the end, just five percent of KFAC-AM-FM's combined total audience listened to the AM frequency, which is why it was sold off first;[185] even though KFAC-FM was not on the market, the offer made by Evergreen was high enough that it prompted Classic Communications to consider selling.[184]
Immediately, the news of the KFAC-FM sale in particular raised alarms from industry experts that the station was about to exit the classical format. While Evergreen head Scott Ginsberg initially told Radio & Records that the station's format would remain in place,[186] American Radio publisher James Duncan Jr. warned, "Classical radio stations are not in vogue. What's in vogue is FM stations in Los Angeles", saying that Evergreen would have no choice but to change formats in order to make the revenue needed to pay the debt service incurred in acquiring KFAC-FM.[184] After months of speculation, Evergreen donated the music library from both stations, estimated at 50,000 recordings, to KUSC, along with a $35,000 check;[187] Stanford University and the Los Angeles Public Library acquired KFAC's compact disc library, the majority of titles KUSC already held.[188] KUSC also acquired the programming rights to the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Texaco Metropolitan Opera broadcasts.[187]
While it is too late to save KFAC, I believe that we should be able to draw a lesson from this passing, and turn this event into something good. I know that there are some who would say, "well, what's the big deal? We've got bigger problems to deal with!" And to people like that, and if you're thinking that way, I say this: if you want to make this country a better place to live in...you can start with nothing more important than the arts. Now, I'm not just talking here about classical music... literature, architecture, dance: the humanities. The humanities and a study of things greater than themselves is the most important way to impress people–especially young people!–of their place. Of their worth.
Rich Capparela, September 20, 1989[189]
KFAC's demise was seen as the end of an era in Los Angeles. In July,
Meanwhile, new ownership capitalized on the attention to begin teasing 92.3's next format. The station carried part of a
While the station had prepared a final schedule of music programming for the entire month of September 1989, the switch ended up occurring mid-month, as had been anticipated. That schedule for the last two days of the month was to have included, at the end of every air shift,
At noon on September 20, 1989, KUSC, which had also placed advertising for its classical offerings on KFAC in the final days, simulcast the final hour of KFAC's classical programming.[187] This included Jim de Castro ceremoniously "passing a baton" to KUSC general manager Wallace Smith,[193] followed by a farewell message from Rich Capparela, who would rejoin KUSC's airstaff; the hour concluded with KFAC-FM's final classical selection—the "Farewell" Symphony[187]—and a moment of silence led by de Castro.[189] At 1 p.m., after 60 seconds of silence, the FM station began stunting with heartbeat sounds, interspersed with brief snippets of rock songs,[193] ahead of the debut of KKBT "The Beat" the next day.[199] The mural of KFAC's core airstaff outside of the Villa Capri studios was eventually painted over[193] and an outdoor "wall of fame" of brass plaques honoring classical music composers was supplanted by a series of plaques honoring contemporary music artists.[187]
The KFAC call letters, which were also donated to KUSC,[188] were placed on one of their repeater stations in Santa Barbara from 1991 to 2004;[200] that station is now KCRW repeater KDRW.
KWKW
KWKW moves to 1330
In contrast to the FM, the AM station would have a more straightforward fate. In order to facilitate their acquisition of KFAC and comply with then-existing FCC regulations, Lotus divested their existing Los Angeles AM property,
On January 14, 1989, KFAC's call letters were changed to KWKW, and the programming heard on the previous KWKW effectively "moved" from 1300 to 1330, representing a coverage boost improving reception in the San Fernando Valley.[185] In the process, a British comedy program known as Cynic's Choice hosted by Brian Clewer, which had aired only on the AM frequency since 1971, was displaced.[185][205] NetworksAmerica concurrently changed the former KWKW's call letters to KAZN and relaunched it as an Asian radio station—the first such radio station to operate in the Los Angeles area.[185][206] With the switch to 1330 AM, KWKW expanded its focus on regional Mexican music (including mariachi and banda), calling itself "La Mexicana". It also brought with it its sports coverage, which included Spanish-language broadcasts of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Raiders.[207] Dodgers broadcasts were headed up by play-by-play announcer Jaime Jarrín, a position he has held continuously since the 1959 season;[201] Jarrín began working at KWKW in 1955 as a news reporter.[208] The station was further recognized by the National Association of Broadcasters as 1992's Spanish-language station of the year during their annual Marconi Radio Awards.[202] That same year, Jim Kalmenson of Lotus attributed the success of KWKW to an audience that preferred tradition over change and needed a source of community information.[209]
In 1994, new program director Alberto Vera shuffled the station's lineup, leading to the resignations of several members of the air staff and protests from listeners; Vera sought to make the station better for family listening and reduce the number of
Lotus acquired KWPA (1220 AM), a 250-watt station in
In 2003, Armando Aguayo—today one of the radio voices of Los Angeles FC, heard in Spanish on KWKW's sister station KFWB—got his start in the market on KWKW.[215]
ESPN Deportes and Tu Liga Radio
I'm excited (about the Dodgers' new radio contract)... it's fantastic. But I was with KWKW for 51 years and a little bit of my heart will always be with KWKW.
Jaime Jarrín, on the Dodgers' Spanish language radio flagship changing from KWKW to KHJ for the 2008 season[201]
On October 1, 2005, KWKW went full-time as a Spanish-language
Along with the Galaxy coverage, the station has carried the FIFA World Cup; while coverage of the 2006 edition was in Spanish, KWKW carried most of ESPN Radio's English-language coverage of the 2010 edition, allowing ESPN Radio affiliates KSPN and KLAA to continue with their normal program schedules. In 2018, the station contracted with Fútbol de Primera, the national soccer radio network that holds World Cup rights, to exclusively produce coverage for KWKW.[219] KWKW and Fútbol de Primera teamed up again in 2019 to broadcast the first ever Spanish-language U.S. radio coverage of the FIFA Women's World Cup.[220]
KWKW also was the Spanish flagship of the
When ESPN Deportes ended operations on September 8, 2019, KWKW affiliated with
Programming
Weekdays and weekends
Local sports programming on KWKW includes Mi Raza...Tu Liga with Rafael Ramos Villagrana, Mario Amaya, and Armando Aguayo in early afternoons; the latter two also host SuperGol with Armando Aguayo, Troy Santiago and Mario Amaya in late afternoons.[228] TUDN Radio programming airs on nights and weekends.[226]
There are several non-sports specialty programs that air on KWKW, notably on Saturdays when the station airs eight hours of specialty programs under the banner Sábados Centroamericanos (Central American Saturdays).[228] On weekdays, KWKW broadcasts a health program, Nutrición al Día (Nutrition Today), hosted by Dr. Neyda Carballo-Ricardo.[229]
Play-by-play
KWKW is currently the
KWKW also airs Spanish-language play-by-play of the following teams: the
FM translator
In 2017, KWKW began broadcasting on an FM translator, K264CQ (100.7 FM), which has its transmitter mounted to one of KWKW's AM towers.[234]
Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP (W) | HAAT |
Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K264CQ | 100.7 FM | Los Angeles | 141734 | 60 | 110 m (361 ft) | D | 34°01′10″N 118°20′45″W / 34.01944°N 118.34583°W | LMS |
References
- ^ "Facility Technical Data for KWKW". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
- ^ "Station Search Details". Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
- ^ a b Venta, Lance (September 10, 2019). "TUDN & Unanimo Deportes Fill ESPN Deportes Sized Hole". RadioInsight. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ a b c "KWKW to Join ESPN Team for Major Push of Sports en Español". LA Business Journal. July 25, 2005. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ Gerard, Jeremy (October 16, 1989). "The Media Business; Classical Stations Do Their Best To Survive". The New York Times. New York, New York.
- ^ from the original on January 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ Cox, Bobby (December 23, 2016). "Kintronic Triplexes KABC(AM)". Radio World. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ a b c Wilkins, Michael J. (1987). "Choosing a Church Home". Biola Radio. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "After hiatus, Biola Radio sings again". The Chimes. May 27, 2008. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "Radio Heritage Foundation - KFSG Los Angeles - Setting the Record Straight". www.radioheritage.net. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ ISBN 9781498207157. Archivedfrom the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "Bible Institute Plans Building Kilowatt Radio". Los Angeles Times. August 10, 1922. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Nearly 70 Sending Broadcast: Los Angeles Has Sixteen Stations and This District Has Sixty-seven". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. June 18, 1922. p. II6. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Daggett, John S. (May 11, 1922). "Broadcasting times changed: Southland Radio Association Amends Schedule; "Times" to be on the Air Twice Daily; New Sending Periods Are Effective Friday". Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. 1, 10. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Thousands listen to wireless program: Dedicatory Concert from Great New Air Station is Heard Throughout Southland". Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. April 14, 1922. pp. 1, 9. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Pulpit Topics Cover Many Affairs of Day". Los Angeles Daily Times. Los Angeles, California. April 22, 1922. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "K. J. S. Bible Institute Radiophone: Program for the Week August 21st to August 27th" (PDF). Radio Doings. August 19, 1922. p. 31. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "Church of the Open Door/The Bible Institute of Los Angeles". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1928. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Bible Institute Stresses Music". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. September 23, 1927. p. 2. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "KTBI" (PDF). Radio Doings. December 18, 1927. p. 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Powers, Ralph L. (November 11, 1928). "New Broadcast Changes May Puzzle Radio Fan". Los Angeles Times. p. 15. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "New Studio at KTBI Station". Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1928. p. 14. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Children's Program for Institute Radio". Los Angeles Times. April 20, 1928. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Radio Schedule for Trinity Methodist". Los Angeles Times. November 4, 1928. p. 29. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Humes, Edward (March 2, 2007). "How Biola University Is Out to Prove That It's No Old-fashioned Bible School Los Angeles Magazine". Los Angeles Magazine. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ "Bible Institute in Challenge". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 19, 1930. p. II5. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Frogley, Kenneth (April 29, 1931). "Big Names, New Programs Due to Reach One's Ear". Daily News. Los Angeles, California. p. 26. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Treanor, Thomas (April 27, 1931). "Grace Moore Sings on Weekly Opera Star Broadcast Tonight". Los Angeles Evening Express. Los Angeles, California. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c FCC History Cards for KWKW
- ^
- Garver, N. D. (August 19, 1922). "A Station With Its Own Music: How KFAC Came to Have Its Own Orchestra-The Story of the Station and Its Aims" (PDF). Radio Doings. pp. 5, 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- R. Service, Washington (December 9, 1922). "The Aerial Press of America" (PDF). Radio World. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- Butman, Carl H. (February 17, 1923). "Latest List of Broadcasters Totals 570" (PDF). Radio World. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Treanor, Thomas (April 17, 1931). "Entertaining Schedule of Familiar Features on Airways This Evening". Los Angeles Evening Express. Los Angeles, California. p. 20. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Hilliker, Jim. "First Religious Radio Station in Los Angeles, California". www.laalmanac.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ "PCAD - Bible Institute of Los Angeles, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA". pcad.lib.washington.edu. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Kudler, Adrian Glick (September 12, 2011). "One of Downtown's Jesus Saves Signs Taken Away in Dead of Night". Curbed LA. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- NBC Los Angeles. Archivedfrom the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Harnisch, Larry (September 11, 2011). "Jesus Unsaved? [Updated]". The LA Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Pool, Bob (July 4, 2013). "Biola University settles for replica of iconic 'Jesus saves' sign". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ a b "O.R. Fuller, Auburn-Fuller Co., Pioneer Commercial Auto Co., White Auto Co., KFVD, KFAC, Los Angeles, Pioneer Truck and Transfer Co., Auburn California Co., Auburn Automobile Sales Co. California Branch, Olive Ransome Fuller, Motor Transit Co. - CoachBuilt.com". www.coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ Brannigan, Alice (January 1990). "Remembering Old Time Radio: We Dig Through The Dusty Archives to Keep You Posted on the Past" (PDF). Popular Communications. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ a b "Artistic Wilshire Business Addition: Will Be Formally Dedicated and Opened This Week". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. April 3, 1932. p. V-3. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Barrett, Don; Hilliker, Jim (February 11, 2017). "Email Saturday, 2.11: ** KFAC Clarifications". laradio.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ Douglas, Doug (April 12, 1932). ""Joe Palooka" in Radio Bow". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 18. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Auburn-Fuller Company Gets New Receiver". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. June 4, 1932. p. II-6. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Borgeson, pp. 174.
- ^ "CORD FAMILY FLED KIDNAPPING THREAT; Went Abroad Suddenly After Repeated Warnings That 4 Children Faced Harm. IN ENGLAND TWO MONTHS Motor Man Now Is Expected to Take 'Indefinite Cruise' as Yacht Clears for Europe". The New York Times. May 30, 1934. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (May 31, 1934). "CORD DOES NOT DENY HE FLED KIDNAPPERS; But Refuses Definite Comment -- Sons' Wisconsin School Tells of Threats". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ProQuest 1014782822. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014911312. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- ^ Palmer, Kyle (January 17, 1933). "Supreme Court Rejects Radio Plea of Shuler; Counsel Indicates Further Battle; Decision Viewed as Final Sets Up Precedent on Broadcasting". Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, 4. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "KGFJ - Los Angeles, The Original 24-Hour Radio Station". jeff560.tripod.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ProQuest 1505578380. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014790507. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014915684. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Radio Changes Set For Saturday". Los Angeles Times. March 28, 1941. p. 24. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ ""The Keeper of the Pig" ..." Los Angeles Evening Express. Los Angeles, California. July 30, 1931. p. 18. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Keeper of the Pig: With His Family of Radio Porkers, Harry Jackson Entertains the Kids and at the Same Time Molds Their Characters" (PDF). Radio Doings. September 1931. p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ "Behind the Microphone" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 15, 1931. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b "Radio in Review: Uncle Whoa Bill" (PDF). Radio Life. June 1, 1947. pp. 10–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ a b c "You Have to Be Young" (PDF). Radio Life. February 3, 1946. pp. 29, 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ "Seen on the Radio Scene" (PDF). Radio Life. May 9, 1944. p. 59. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Galloway, Doug (June 19, 1997). "Aaron (Red) Doff". Variety. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Oliver, Myrna (June 18, 1997). "Aaron 'Red' Doff; Talent Agent, Publicist and Movie Producer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ ISBN 9781933016696.
- ^ "Crosby Interprets Football Fever in 'Times' Program". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 22, 1937. p. I-4. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ ISBN 9780879306649.
- ISBN 9781847144737.
- ^ a b c Brown, James (January 14, 1979). "KFAC Celebrates a Classic Stage of Nostalgia". Los Angeles Times. pp. 74, 75. Archived from the original on January 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Keeping Up With Fast Company" (PDF). Radio Life. January 16, 1944. p. 25. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ "Soap Suds Alley: Five-A-Day" (PDF). Radio Album. Dell Magazines. Fall 1948. pp. 74–75. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- Radio Mirror. July 1947. pp. 30–32, 90–92. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ a b c Princi, Carl (January–February 1979). "Cover Profile" (PDF). The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. p. 2. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ a b c Buchanan, Joan (July 13, 1947). "Mikemen--Thomas Cassidy" (PDF). Radio Life. pp. 33, 38. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Lax, Cecille (January–February 1979). "NEWS & VIEWS" (PDF). The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. p. 14. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^ Palmer, Zuma (October 12, 1935). "Entertainment On The Air for Tonight and Tomorrow". Citizen-News. Hollywood, California. p. 13. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Armstrong, Dale (August 16, 1935). "Ruth Etting to Sing for 'Army Night'". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. L14. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "LA Times radio log". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. January 15, 1938. p. 8. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Commemorating - 5th Anniversary of Your Gas Company's "Evening Concert": Advertisement". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. October 21, 1945. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Corbett, Noel (November 5, 1940). "Valley Radio-Voices". San Fernando Valley Times. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Lamon, Corine (August 6, 1944). "He Gets a Word In Edgeways" (PDF). Radio Life. pp. 8, 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ a b c McDougal, Dennis (February 7, 1987). "Sudden, drastic changes at KMET". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. VI-8. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "PASSINGS: Thomas Cassidy, Valerie Eliot". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 13, 2012. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ^
- "A wonderful New Year's Present: Your Gas Company is happy to announce that beginning next Wednesday night, January 1, its famous radio program Evening Concert will also be heard over KPRO Riverside (advertisement)". Redlands Daily Facts. Redlands, California: William G. Moore. December 30, 1957. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "New Musical Radio Program Slated For Area". The Colton Courier. Charles K. Dooley. December 31, 1957. p. 2. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^
- Page, Don (June 30, 1963). "KNX to Get a Bang Out of Fourth of July". Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. p. 30. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "They're coming to our 25th birthday party tonight. Won't you join us, too, for Evening Concert? (advertisement)". San Pedro News-Pilot. Copley Press. October 1, 1965. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ ZeVan, Barry (June 17, 2002). ""I Love Lucy" script writer was one fascinating lady". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ISBN 9780786489626.
- ^ "All Opening For You In Radio!" (PDF). Radio Life. December 16, 1945. pp. 30–31. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^
- Starr, Michael (November 1, 2000). "SO LONG, STEVERINO – TV LEGEND WHO LAUNCHED 'TONIGHT SHOW' DIES AT 78". New York Post. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- Richard Severo (November 1, 2000). "Steve Allen, Comedian Who Pioneered Late-Night TV Talk Shows, Is Dead at 78". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Princi, Carl (January–February 1979). "Message from the Office of Community Involvement" (PDF). The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine. pp. 4, 8, 56. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ProQuest 1032337295. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Simanaitis, John (September 9, 2015). "KFAC, REMEMBERED FONDLY". Simanaitis Says. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ a b Borgeson, pp. 113.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k McDougal, Dennis (January 15, 1987). "Dismay in the Voices Dismissed from KFAC". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. pp. VI1, VI8, VI10. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 1285697256. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b c McLellan, Dennis (August 24, 2008). "Fred Crane, radio announcer, actor, at 90". Boston.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Carter, Peggy (June 17, 1945). "He'd Rather Be On Time Than President" (PDF). Radio Life. pp. 30–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ McLellan, Dennis (April 1, 2010). "Tom Dixon dies at 94; L.A. radio's voice of classical music for over 50 years". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Tepper, Ron (December 4, 1960). "Music: the Long and Short of It". Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. p. 23. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Folkart, Burt A. (May 5, 1992). "Carl Princi, 71; Voice of Opera on L.A. Radio". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Rich, Allen (November 30, 1954). "Listening Post and TV Review". Valley Times. Valley News Corporation. p. 22. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Hamilton, Bob (July–September 1976). "Carl Princi, Newest Staff Member - Only 23 Years" (PDF). Hamilton Radio Quarterly Report '76. pp. 144–147. Retrieved January 12, 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Bill Carlson; Classical Music Announcer at KFAC". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. December 22, 1999. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1039911373. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ "Radio In Review: News and Comment- Looks Like" (PDF). Radio Life. February 13, 1949. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- from the original on November 28, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Weinstock, Matt (September 21, 1951). "Matt Weinstock: End of an era". Daily News. Los Angeles, California. p. 18. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Roundup: Local sponsor's program build international good will" (PDF). Sponsor Magazine. September 2, 1952. p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Ames, Walter (April 12, 1952). "Early Easter Services Set for Radio". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 19. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 1505579566. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1438622150. Archived(PDF) from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1286304372. Archived(PDF) from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1401196711. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1040152196. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Broadcasting Yearbook 1950 (PDF). Broadcasting. 1950. p. 83. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- ^ a b FCC History Cards for KRRL
- ^ a b "Tonight: Hear Your Gas Company's Evening Concert Direct from Hollywood Bowl - Advertisement". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. July 15, 1954. p. 28. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Moore, Frank; Moore, Bill (October 16, 1953). "With a Grain Of Salt". Redlands Daily Facts. Redlands, California. p. 10. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "KFAC Will Move, Increase Coverage". Los Angeles Times. July 13, 1954. p. 5. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Superpower FMs". www.w9wi.com. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ProQuest 1285687046. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "Historic Miracle Mile Building Dedicated as SAG-AFTRA Plaza". SAG-AFTRA. Archived from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ProQuest 1285695747. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1401221012. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b "Broadcasts Set for First Methodist". Los Angeles Times. May 25, 1957. p. 15. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "First Methodist Church: Advertisement". Los Angeles Times. May 23, 1942. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Shannon, Don (March 19, 1957). "L.A. Church Asks FCC to Keep Services on Air". Los Angeles Times. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 1401223543. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014458198. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- ^ a b Rockwell, John (September 2, 1972). "KFAC and Listeners at the Crossroads". Los Angeles Times Calendar. Los Angeles, California. pp. 1, 56, 59. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ ProQuest 1286275484. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ProQuest 1286275484. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ ProQuest 1049650111. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- ^ Folkart, Burt A. (May 20, 1990). "Martin Workman; Music Center Radio Host". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Ray T. Miller Sr. Is Dead at 73". The Plain Dealer. July 14, 1966. pp. 1, 8.
- ProQuest 1014513553. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2020 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014519700. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- ^ The San Bernardino County Sun. p. C-10. Archivedfrom the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "An Urgent Message to the Friends of KFAC: Advertisement". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. January 19, 1969. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ProQuest 1014512506. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014524884. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014524021. Archived(PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- ProQuest 1014511338. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2019 – via World Radio History.
- FCC History Cards for WLEC
- "Villa Capri". Old L.A. Restaurants. oldlarestaurants.com. September 4, 2012. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- Nudelman, Robert W. (February 1, 2005). "This letter is in response to the two CEQA Negative Declarations (Neg.Dec.) filed concerning the project proposed for 6735 Yucca Street in Hollywood". Hollywood Heritage, Inc. www.hollywoodheritage.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- "LA disc jockey billed as man for all music". The Desert Sun. Palm Springs, California. May 28, 1984. p. D9. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- "Resume of Broadcast History: "The Skip Weshner Show" (Los Angeles) Originally "Accent on Sound"". www.seattlebuskers.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- "First Off..." Los Angeles Times. September 21, 1989. p. 2. Retrieved January 10, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- "The Beat Goes On: KFAC Becomes KKBT" (PDF). Radio & Records. September 22, 1989. pp. 1, 31. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- "Directory of Radio Stations in the United States and Canada" (PDF). The Broadcasting Yearbook. 1991. p. B-46. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- "Directory of Radio Stations in the United States" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook. New Providence, New Jersey: R.R. Bowker. 2005. p. D-96. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2018 – via World Radio History.
Brian Clewer, a London-born radio personality who was host of "Cynic's Choice," a program of British comedy and music that aired in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, has died. He was 79.