List of Muslim military leaders

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Entries in this chronological list of Muslim military leaders are accompanied by dates of birth and death, branch of Islam, country of birth, field of study, campaigns fought and a short biographical description. The list includes notable conquerors,

generals and admirals from early Islamic history
to the 21st century.

Muslim military leaders

8th century

  • Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, was an Umayyad prince and one of the most prominent Arab generals of the early decades of the 8th century, leading several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Khaganate. He achieved great fame especially for leading the second Arab siege of the Byzantine capital Constantinople.
  • Sa'id ibn Abd al-Malik, also known as Sa'id al-Khayr (Sa'id the Good) was an Umayyad Prince, Governor and Military leader.
  • Tariq ibn-Ziyad (670-720) An Berber general, he was a governor in tangier (city in Morocco), he later ordered by Musa ibn Nusayr to led the Muslim army to conquer Hispania
    .
  • Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi: A Spanish Umayyad general born in Yemen who fought Charles Martel twice in France in the battles of Tours and Narbonne
    , and was defeated in both engagements.
  • Maslama ibn Hisham, also known as Abu Shakir, was an Umayyad prince and Military commander.
  • Sulayman ibn Hisham, was an Arab general, the son of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 723–743). He is known for his participation in the expeditions against the Byzantines.
  • Zaid ibn Ali
    : An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
  • Muhammad bin Qasim: 695–715: An early Arab General who captured Sindh and Multan and parts of Punjab in Pakistan
    .
  • Isma'il ibn Jafar
    : An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
  • Marwan II Last Umayyad Caliph and a military leader
  • Qutaibah bin Muslim
    : An Arab Muslim general who captured Transoxiana.
  • Abdallah ibn Ali
    , Abbasid General and Governor of Syria.
  • Salih ibn Ali, Abbasid General and Provincial Governor.
  • Abu Muslim, the Abbasid general, Governor of Khorasan under As-Saffah.
  • As-Saffah
    Abbasid Caliph, founder of Abbasid Dynasty and a military leader.
  • Al-Mansur Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.
  • Al-Mahdi Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, (died 812) was a member of the Cadet branch of Abbasid dynasty who served as general and governor in Syria and Egypt. He distinguished himself in several raids against the Byzantine Empire.
  • Idris I of Morocco, founder of the Idrisid dynasty.

9th century

10th century

11th century

  • Alp Arslan Muhammad Ālp Ārslan ibn Dawūd Persian: ضياء الدنيا و الدين عضد الدولة ابو شجاع محمد آلپ ارسلان ابن داود‎;‎ 20 January 1029 – 15 December 1072, real name Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. He greatly expanded the Seljuk territory and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to south and northwest and his victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, in 1071, ushered in the Turkoman settlement of Anatolia.[2] For his military prowess and fighting skills he obtained the name Alp Arslan, which means "Heroic Lion" in Turkish.
  • Malik-Shah I: Sultan of Seljuk Empire, son of the great Sultan Alp Arslan, who took his empire to a greatest extent. Malik-Shah, along with the vizier Nizam al-Mulk, tried to unite Muslims of the world and fought many wars against anti Islamic fitna movement called Batiniyya, he also built many madrasahs. He is considered one of the greatest Muslim leaders of all time.
  • Seljuq Dynasty
    . He united many Turkmen warriors of the Central Asian steppes into a confederacy of tribes, who traced their ancestry to a single ancestor named Seljuk, and led them in conquest of eastern Iran. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering Iran and retaking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055. Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world.
  • Almoravid Dynasty in the Islamic West, he secured several decisive military victories against the Christians in Al-Andalus
    and was able to reunify it under his rule after a period of internal fragmentation known as Muluk Al-Tawaif.
  • Almohad dynasty
    .
  • Ahmad Sanjar: Sultan of Seljuk Empire, son of Malik-Shah I.

12th century

Saladin and Guy of Lusignan after Battle of Hattin

13th century

14th century

  • Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: مراد اول‎; Turkish: I. Murad, Murad-ı Hüdavendigâr (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, from Persian: خداوندگار‎, romanized: Khodāvandgār, lit. 'the devotee of God' – meaning "sovereign" in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389. He was a son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun. Murad I came into the throne after his elder brother Süleyman Pasha's death.
  • Ottoman empire and The victor at the Battle of Nicopolis
  • Zheng He 1371–1433: A Chinese mariner, explorer and admiral who was born into a Muslim family but embraced a broader ranging religious faith later.
Mehmed II's entry into Constantinople
  • Turco-Mongol conqueror who hailed from the Chagatai Khanate, went on to be an undefeated military commander, including a crushing defeat he inflicted on Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara
    .

15th century

16th century

Suleiman with army
  • Bairam Khan: The Regent and military leader of the Mughal Empire
  • The Drawn Sword of Islam", Ottoman Naval Commander, Beylerbey, and famed Corsair
  • Humayun: Second Mughal emperor.
  • Isa Khan Niazi: Commander of Sher Shah Suri.
  • Malik Ambar: An Ethiopian slave who became a general and challenged the might of the Mughal army.
  • Sayyed Mahmud Khan: A Commander–in– Chief of the Mughal Empire.
  • Sur Dynasty
    .
  • Suleiman the Magnificent: Suleiman I (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان اول‎, romanized: Süleyman-ı Evvel; Turkish: I. Süleyman; 6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ottoman Turkish: قانونى سلطان سليمان‎, romanized: Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566
  • Saffavids
    of Persia.
  • Safavid
    dynasty.
  • Alaouite dynasty of Morocco
    .

17th century

  • Murad IV: Rejuvenated the Ottoman Empire with reforms and reconquered the city of Yerevan and Baghdad.
  • Aurangzeb: Also known as Aurangzeb Alamgir, he was the 6th Mughal Emperor who expanded the Mughal Empire to its largest extent.
  • Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung: Son of a renowned nobleman of Emperor Aurangzeb. He held several appointments under Emperor Aurangzeb in the Mughal Empire.
  • Siege of Melilla (1774)
    .
  • Zulfikhar Ali Khan
    was the Nawab.

18th century

  • Nadir Shah
    1688–1747: Also known as Nadir Qoli Beg and Tahmasp-Qoli Khan, he was Shah of Iran and a military leader.
  • Battle of Panipat (1761)
    .
  • Hispano-Moroccan War
    .
  • Hyder Ali 1722–1782
  • Imam Shamil 1797–1871: An Avar (from modern-day Dagestan) who is considered both a political and religious leader for Chechens, Dagestanis, and Caucasians.
  • Tipu Sultan 1750–1799): Better known as the Tiger of Mysore, Tipu was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He directed Mysorean military operations against rival Indian powers and the East India Company during the second half of the 18th century.
  • Lalla Fatma N'Soumer An important figure in North African history who fought against the French.

19th century

20th century

  • Abdulaziz al-Saud, also known as Ibn Saud was the founder of Saudi Arabia, the third Saudi Empire. He was King of Saudi Arabia from 23 September 1932 to his death. He had ruled parts of the kingdom as early as 1902, having previously been Emir, Sultan, and King of Nejd and King of Hejaz. He was an Arab Military leader who followed Wahhabism He Conquered Kingdom of Hejaz
    in 1925.
  • British-ruled India. He is the national poet of Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948): served as the leader of the Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and then as the Dominion of Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as the Quaid-i-Azam "Great Leader"
  • Faisal of Saudi Arabia (1905–1975): he was a Saudi Arabian statesman and diplomat who was King of Saudi Arabia from 2 November 1964 until his assassination in 1975.
  • Ahmad Shah Massoud (1953–2001): also known as the National Hero of Afghanistan He was the conqueror of cold war in Afghanistan, guerrilla commander during the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989).
  • Alija Izetbegovic: (1925-2003) was a Bosnian politician;lawyer and Islamic philosopher.who became the 1st president of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992.he was a member of tripartiate presidency of Bosnia until his death.he bravely defended the Bosnian nation and Bosnian Muslims from Serb aggression during the civil war in Bosnia and brought peace and stability to Bosnia.
  • Saddam Hussein (1939–2006): he was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He also served as prime minister of Iraq from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003 Until his execution on December 30, 2006. Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging.
  • Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan
  • Hadji Kamlon, Tausug freedom fighter, Sunni Muslim, Ash'ari in Aqeeda, Shafi'i in Madh'hab
  • Mat Salleh (Datu Muhammad Salleh), Sabah warrior from Inanam who led the Mat Salleh Rebellion until his death.
  • Chief Minister of Sabah
    .
  • Daud Beureueh, Acehnese Indonesian who served as the military governor of Aceh (1947-1950) and leader of Darul Islam rebellion in Aceh.
  • Zainal Mustafa, Indonesian Islamic Scholar and National Hero of Indonesia from Tasikmalaya who resisted Japanese occupation.
  • Syam'un, Indonesian Islamic Scholar and Regent of Serang.

See also

  • Rules of war in Islam
  • Jihad

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-5193-0811-5
    .
  2. ISBN 9781317423683
    .
  3. ^ a b c Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
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