Padri War
Padri War | |||||||
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Battle engagements between Padri and the Dutch, 1830s | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Pagaruyung |
Padri (Ulama of Minangkabau) | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Colonel Stuers Lieutenant Colonel Raaff Lieutenant Colonel Elout Lieutenant Colonel Krieger Lieutenant Colonel Bauer Lieutenant Colonel Michiels Major Laemlin* Major Prager Major du Bus* Captain Poland Captain Lange |
Tuanku Imam Bonjol Tuanku Rao † Tuanku Tambusai Tuanku Nan Renceh Tuanku Lintau Tuanku Pasaman Tuanku Nan Alahan |
The Padri War (also called the Minangkabau War) was fought from 1803 until 1837 in West Sumatra, Indonesia between the Padri and the Adat. The Padri were Muslim clerics from Sumatra who wanted to impose Sharia in Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Adat comprised the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs. They asked for the help of the Dutch, who intervened in 1821 and helped the nobility defeat the Padri faction.
Background
It can be considered that the Padri War began in 1803, before Dutch intervention, and was a conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padri started to suppress what they saw as unIslamic customs, i.e. the
Adat, as customary law is called in Indonesia, includes indigenous, pre-Islamic religious practices and social traditions in local customs. The Padri, like contemporaneous jihadists in the
In the 1820s, the Dutch had yet to consolidate their possessions in some parts of the
Padri
From c.1692, Islam was propagated to the Minangkabau areas of West Sumatra by Sheikh
The Padri had their extremist version of Sharia law which they would implement through violent upheaval to replace the existing Adat. Historical accounts of the Padri War reveal several different ideologies. The most influential were by Tuanku Nan Tuo, Tuan Ku Nan Renceh, and Imam Bonjol.
Tuanku Nan Renceh was an extremist Wahabbi puritan. Nan Renceh with Tuan Ku Lintau and Tuan Ku Pasaman were at war with the Adat and would forbid cock-fighting, gambling, and sireh; and forced women to cover up. Any that disagreed with their interpretation of Islam were punishable by death. They grew wealthy by enslaving the population to grow coffee and other agriculture. While forcing residents to wear white and grow beards, they would wear red.[3]
Skirmishes and the Masang Treaty
Dutch involvement in the war came about because it was "invited" by the Adat faction, and in April 1821, Dutch troops attacked Simawang and Sulit Air under captains Goffinet and Dienema on the orders of James du Puy, the Dutch Resident in Padang. Between 1821 and 1824, skirmishes broke out throughout the region, ended only by the Masang Treaty. The war cooled down during the next six years, as the Dutch faced larger-scale uprisings in Java.[5]
Battle of Baso (1822)
On 14 August 1822 Padri Ulama forces was faced the battle with dutch forces the battle was show that Padri Ulama forces was can defeated the dutch and make them general was Wounded in action.[6]
Battle of Batusangkar (1822)
after get defeated by Padri Ulama Forces Dutch Forces was get pressed by Padri Forces and make them retired to Batusangkar and make them get heavily losses.[7]
Dutch advances
The conflict broke out again in the 1830s with the Dutch gaining early victories. Soon after, the war centred on Bonjol, the fortified last stronghold of the Padri. It finally fell in 1837[8] after being besieged for three years, and along with the exile of Padri leader Tuanku Imam Bonjol, the conflict died out.
Impact
With the victory, the Dutch tightened their hold on West Sumatra. Yet, the traditional and religious leaders increasingly reconciled their visions after the war. This helped promulgating the new view of "adat basandi syara', syara' basandi Kitabullah" ("tradition founded upon
See also
- Ruit van Bonjol
- Tuanku Imam Bonjol, leader in the Padri movement
Notes
- ^ Sjafnir Aboe Nain, 2004, Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol (MTIB), transl., Padang: PPIM.
- ^ The port where they embarked and disembarked, Pedir, Sumatra, gave them their name.
- ^ ISBN 0700701559.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-2788-4.
- ^ G. Kepper, 1900, Wapenfeiten van het Nederlands Indische Leger; 1816-1900, M.M. Cuvee, Den Haag.
- ^ "Sejarah Perang Padri: Tokoh, Penyebab, Kronologi, dan Dampak". Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Sejarah Perang Padri: Tokoh, Penyebab, Kronologi, dan Dampak". Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ISBN 978-981-230-366-0. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Further reading
- Dobbin, Christine (1983). Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy: Central Sumatra, 1784-1847. Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-0155-9.
- Ricklefs, M. C. (1993) A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300. 2d ed. (London: Macmillan), 1993.
- Tarling, Nicholas, (ed.) The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia,, vol. II " The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" (Cambridge University Press) 1992.