Marichuela Formation
Marichuela Formation | |
---|---|
Ma | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Tilatá Formation |
Overlies | Guadalupe Group |
Thickness | up to 40 metres (130 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Conglomerate |
Location | |
Coordinates | 4°21′40.3″N 74°07′50″W / 4.361194°N 74.13056°W |
Region | Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | Marichuela neighbourhood |
Named by | Helmens & Hammen |
Location | Usme, Bogotá |
Year defined | 1995 |
Coordinates | 4°21′40.3″N 74°07′50″W / 4.361194°N 74.13056°W |
Region | Cundinamarca |
Country | ![]() |
The Marichuela Formation (
Etymology
The formation was defined by Helmens and Van der Hammen in 1995 and named after the Marichuela neighbourhood of Usme.[1] Part of the Marichuela Formation had been included in the Conos de Tunjuelo, defined by Julivert in 1961.[2]
Description
Lithologies
The Marichuela Formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates.[1]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The Marichuela Formation unconformably overlies the Cretaceous rocks of the Guadalupe Group. The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Early Pliocene.[3] The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial fans, caused by earthquakes or heavy rains.[4]
Outcrops
The Marichuela Formation is apart from its type locality in the Usme Synclinal, the valley of the Tunjuelo River, found in the synclinals of Neusa, Sisga and La Calera.[1]
Regional correlations
Ma |
Age | Paleomap | Regional events | Catatumbo | Cordillera | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Putumayo | VSM | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | Holocene | ![]() |
Holocene volcanism Seismic activity |
alluvium | Overburden | ||||||||
1 | Pleistocene | ![]() |
Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations |
Guayabo | Soatá Sabana |
Necesidad | Guayabo | Gigante |
fluvial (Guayabo) |
550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) |
[5][6][7][8] | ||
2.6 | Pliocene | ![]() |
Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI |
Subachoque | |||||||||
5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland |
Marichuela | Caimán | Honda | [7][9] | |||||||
13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | León | hiatus | Caja | León | Lacustrine (León) |
400 m (1,300 ft) (León) |
Seal |
[8][10] | |||
16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 |
C1 | Carbonera C1 | Ospina | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) |
Reservoir | [9][8] | ||||
17.3 | C2 | Carbonera C2 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal |
|||||||||
19 | C3 | Carbonera C3 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||
21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | C4 | Carbonera C4 | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal |
||||||
23 | Late Oligocene |
![]() |
Foredeep |
C5 | Carbonera C5 | Orito | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | [6][9] | ||||
25 | C6 | Carbonera C6 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal |
|||||||||
28 | Early Oligocene |
C7 | C7 | Pepino | Gualanday | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | [6][9][11] | |||||
32 | Oligo-Eocene | C8 | Usme | C8 | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source |
[11] | |||||
35 | Late Eocene |
![]() |
Mirador | Mirador | Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) |
Reservoir | [8][12] | |||||
40 | Middle Eocene |
Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
45 | |||||||||||||
50 | Early Eocene |
![]() |
Socha | Los Cuervos | Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) |
Seal Source |
[8][12] | |||||
55 | Late Paleocene |
PETM 2000 ppm CO2 |
Los Cuervos | Bogotá | Gualanday | ||||||||
60 | Early Paleocene |
SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Barco | Rumiyaco | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) |
Reservoir | [5][6][9][8][13] | |||
65 | Maastrichtian | ![]() |
KT extinction |
Catatumbo | Guadalupe | Monserrate | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) |
Reservoir | [5][8] | |||
72 | Campanian | End of rifting |
Colón-Mito Juan | [8][14] | |||||||||
83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event |
La Luna | Chipaque | Gachetá |
hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) |
Source | [5][8][15] | |||
93 | Cenomanian | ![]() |
Rift 2 |
||||||||||
100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) |
Reservoir | [9][15] | |||||
113 | Aptian | ![]() |
Capacho | Fómeque | Motema | Yaví | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) |
Source (Fóm) | [6][8][16] | |||
125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Aguardiente | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) |
Reservoir | [5] | |||||
129 | Hauterivian | ![]() |
Rift 1 |
Tibú- Mercedes |
Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) |
Reservoir (LJun) | [5] | |||
133 | Valanginian | Río Negro | Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca |
Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) |
Source (Mac) | [6][17] | ||||||
140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea |
Jordán | Arcabuco | Buenavista |
Saldaña | fluvial (Buenavista) |
110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) |
"Jurassic" | [9][18] | |||
150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | ![]() |
Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Noreán |
hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) |
[19] | ||||
201 | Late Triassic | ![]() |
Mucuchachi | Payandé | [9] | ||||||||
235 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Pangea |
hiatus | "Paleozoic" | ||||||||
250 | Permian | ![]() |
|||||||||||
300 | Late Carboniferous | ![]() |
Famatinian orogeny | Cerro Neiva () |
[20] | ||||||||
340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap |
Cuche (355-385) |
Farallones () |
Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) |
|||||||
360 | Late Devonian |
![]() |
Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) |
Ambicá () |
fluvial-reef (Farallones) |
2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) |
[17][21][22][23][24] | |||||
390 | Early Devonian | ![]() |
High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) |
Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) |
|||||||
410 | Late Silurian |
Silurian mystery | |||||||||||
425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
440 | Late Ordovician | ![]() |
Rich fauna in Bolivia | San Pedro (450-490) |
Duda () |
||||||||
470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | Busbanzá (>470±22) |
Guape () |
Río Nevado () |
[25][26][27] | |||||||
488 | Late Cambrian | ![]() |
Regional intrusions | Chicamocha (490-515) |
Quetame () |
Ariarí () |
SJ del Guaviare (490-590) |
San Isidro () |
[28][29] | ||||
515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | [27][30] | ||||||||||
542 | Ediacaran | ![]() |
Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | El Barro () |
Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) |
Basement | [31][32] | ||||
600 | Neoproterozoic | Cariri Velhos orogeny | Bucaramanga (600-1400) |
pre-Guaviare | [28] | ||||||||
800 | ![]() |
Snowball Earth | [33] | ||||||||||
1000 | Mesoproterozoic | ![]() |
Sunsás orogeny | Ariarí (1000) |
La Urraca (1030-1100) |
[34][35][36][37] | |||||||
1300 | Rondônia-Juruá orogeny | pre-Ariarí | Parguaza (1300-1400) |
Garzón (1180-1550) |
[38] | ||||||||
1400 | ![]() |
pre-Bucaramanga | [39] | ||||||||||
1600 | Paleoproterozoic | Maimachi (1500-1700) |
pre-Garzón | [40] | |||||||||
1800 | ![]() |
Tapajós orogeny | Mitú (1800) |
[38][40] | |||||||||
1950 | Transamazonic orogeny | pre-Mitú | [38] | ||||||||||
2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
2530 | Archean | ![]() |
Carajas-Imataca orogeny | [38] | |||||||||
3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
Sources |
- Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]
See also
- Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.65
- ^ Suna Hisca, s.a., p.45
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.67
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.66
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
- ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
- ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
- ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
- ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
- ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
- ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
- ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
- ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
- ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
- ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
- ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
- ^ García González et al., 2009
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60
Bibliography
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.
- N., N. s.a. Parque Ecológico Distrital de Montaña Entrenubes – Tomo I – Componente Biofísico – Geología, 36–51. Corporación Suna Hisca.
Maps
- Buitrago, José Alberto; Roberto Terraza M., and Fernando INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.
External links
- Gómez, J.; N.E. Montes; Á. Nivia, and H. Diederix. 2015. Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2017-03-16.