Mihrişah Sultan (mother of Selim III)
Mihrişah Sultan | |
---|---|
Orthodox priest | |
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Mihrişah Sultan (
Early life
Of ethnic Georgian origin, Mihrişah was born in 1745 in Georgia, but there were also rumors that she was in part Genoese.[2][3] Her original name was Agnes.[4][5] She was considered beautiful,[6] and was called "the Georgian Beauty" (Turkish: Gürcü güzeli).[7][8]
As imperial consort
Mihrişah entered in Mustafa III's harem via the
On 24 December 1761, she gave birth to her second child, a son, Şehzade Selim (future Selim III). His birth was accompanied by celebrations that lasted a week.[14][15] On 9 January 1770, she gave birth to her third child, a daughter, Fatma Sultan, who died at the age of two on 26 May 1772.[12][16] Among her servants was Dilhayat Kalfa, hostess of Ahmed III's harem and tutoress of Selim III, known to be one of the greatest Turkish composeress of the early modern period.[citation needed]
She was widowed in 1774, after which she settled in the Old Palace. An archival document from the Topkapi Palace shows that Mustafa III borrowed money from her and that, due to his death, the debt was not repaid.[17][18]
Mihrişah and her son Selim were both members of the Mevlevi Order, which practiced Sufi whirling.
As Valide Sultan
Selim's accession and political influence
During the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, which lasted for fifteen years, Şehzade Selim remained closed in the Topkapı Palace, and the Mihrişah was sent to live in the Old Palace.[clarification needed] Upon Abdul Hamid's death in 1789, Selim ascended the throne after which Mihrişah became the Valide Sultan.
She occasionally approached her son to beg a favour or an act of mercy.
Yusuf Agha was her second kethüda, who had replaced her first kethüda Mahmud Agha, when he died during tenure of his office.[20] He was capable, and an intimate of Selim. He was persuaded and finally killed by the machinations of Kabakçı Mustafa in the uprising against Selim in 1808, after which his tax farm was given to Sultan Mustafa IV's mother, Sineperver Sultan.[21]
Patron of architecture
Mihrişah was very active in the 1790s as a patron of architecure, especially schools and mosques.
The Humbarahane Barracks, which Mihrişah founded in 1792 is considered the first modern example of large-scale military buildings.[22]
The
In 1793, Mihrişah founded Halıcıoğlu Mosque.[17]
Mihrişah was responsible for the building of the Vâlide Dam on the eastern branch of Arabacı Mandrai in Istanbul, to provide additional water supply to the Büyük Bent. [26]
Mihrişah also built a number of fountains:
- a fountain in Üsküdar İhsaniye in memory of her daughter Hibetullah Sultan, in 1791[26]
- a fountain in memory of her daughter Fatma Sultan, in 1792[27]
- repairs on the Silahtar Yusuf Pasha Fountain in Kağıthane, in 1794[17]
- a fountain between Eminönü and Balıkpazarı in honor of Çaşnigir Zeynep (later called Mihrişah Vâlide Fountain), in 1796[26]
- two fountains on either side of the sebil built for her complex Eyüp, in 1796[26]
- a fountain in Fındıklı Mollabayırı, in 1797[26]
- a fountain in Kılıçali District in Beşiktaş, in 1797[26]
- a fountain in memory of her daughter Fatma Sultan (later called Mihrişah Valide Sultan Fountain) in Yeniköy, Istanbul, in 1805[26]
Fountains built by Mihrişah met the water needs of people in the Beyoğlu, Galata and Boğaziçi neighbourhoods.[28]
Death
Mihrişah Sultan died on 16 October 1805 of unknown causes. She was buried in her charitable complex located at Eyüp, Istanbul.[29][18][30]
Issue
Together with Mustafa III, Mihrişah had a son and two daughters:
- Hibetullah Sultan (17 March 1759 – 7 June 1762, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul),[31] called also Heybetullah or Heyyibetullah, betrothed on 2 June 1759 to Mahir Hamza Pasha but died before the marriage;
- Selim III (Topkapı Palace, 24 December 1761 – 28 July 1808, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum), 28th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- Fatma Sultan (9 January 1770 – 26 May 1772, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul).
In popular culture
- In 1989 Swiss-American drama film The Favorite, Mihrişah is portrayed by French actress Andréa Parisy.[32]
- In 2012 Turkish miniseries Esir Sultan, Mihrişah is portrayed by Turkish actress Ipek Tenolcay.[33]
See also
- Ottoman dynasty
- Ottoman Imperial Harem
- List of Valide Sultans
- List of consorts of the Ottoman Sultans
- List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
References
- ^ According to Oztüna, her mother was Aynülhayat Kadın instead, but this information was discredited
- ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
- ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- ISBN 9789756360415.
Ortodoks bir Gürcü papazın kızı olan Mihrişah
- ISBN 978-975-6986-17-2.
Selim'in annesi olan Mihrişah, Gürcistan'dan kaçırılan bir papazın kızıydı
- ISBN 978-0-520-08240-3.
beautiful Georgian slave-girl named Mihr-i Şāh
- ^ Osmanlı tarihi: cilt. Nizam-ı cedid ve Tanzimat devirleri, 1789-1856. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. 1961. pp. 13, 16.
Gürcü güzeli Mihrişah
- ISBN 978-975-17-1954-6.
Selim'in Gürcü güzeli ... annesi Mihrişah
- ^ Kal'a, Ahmet (1998). İstanbul külliyâtı: İstanbul tarım tarihi, 1 (1743-1757), 2 (1757-1763). İstanbul Araştırmaları Merkezi. p. 218.
- ^ a b Uluçay 2011, p. 151-2.
- ^ According to Oztüna, her mother was Aynülhayat Kadın instead, but this information was discredited
- ^ a b İyianlar, Arzu (1992). Vâlide Sultanlar'ın İmar Faaliyetleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. pp. 167–8, 170–71.
- ^ Dominic, Paulina D.; Roszak, Stanisław (2017). The Istanbul Memories in Salomea Pilsztynowa's Diary "Echo of the Journey and Adventures of My Life" (1760). pp. 52 n. 41.
- ISBN 978-9-004-27455-6.
- ^ Kazancıoğlu 2016, p. 95-6.
- ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
- ^ a b c d Uluçay 2011, p. 150.
- ^ a b Kazancıoğlu 2016, p. 96.
- ^ Davis 1986, p. 10-11.
- ^ Davis 1986, p. 27 n. 77.
- ^ Davis 1986, p. 9.
- ^ "HUMBARAHANE KIŞLASI ve CAMİİ İstanbul'da Haliç kıyısında XVIII. yüzyılın sonlarına ait kışla ve cami". İslam Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Rüstem 2019, p. 254.
- ^ Goodwin 1971, p. 410-411.
- ^ AA, Daily Sabah with (1 February 2016). "Istanbul's historic public kitchen makes life easier for refugees and the homeless". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kazancıoğlu 2016, p. 98.
- ^ Uluçay 2011, p. 169.
- ^ Kazancıoğlu 2016, p. 101.
- ^ Uluçay 2011, p. 151.
- ^ Akkurt 2018, p. 8.
- ^ According to Oztüna, her mother was Aynülhayat Kadın instead, but this information was discredited
- ^ Full Cast & Crew: The Favorite (1989), retrieved 7 April 2020
- ^ Full Cast & Crew: Esir Sultan (2012– ), retrieved 7 April 2020
Sources
- Akkurt, Ibrahim (2018). Mihrişah Vâlide Sultan ve Külliyesi.
- Davis, Fanny (1986). The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-24811-5.
- Goodwin, Godfrey (1971). A History of Ottoman Architecture. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27429-0.
- Kazancıoğlu, Habibe (2016). Mihrişah Valide Sultan Su Bendi.
- Rüstem, Ünver (2019). Ottoman Baroque: The Architectural Refashioning of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691181875.
- Uluçay, M. Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara, Ötüken.
External links
- Media related to Mihrişah Sultan at Wikimedia Commons