Mongolia–Russia relations

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Russo-Mongolian relations
Map indicating locations of Mongolia and Russia

Mongolia
Russia

Ulan Ude), and a branch in Yekaterinburg. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
(Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner).

According to a 2017 survey, 90% of Mongolians have a favorable view of Russia (38% "strongly" and 52% "somewhat" favorable), with 8% expressing a negative view (2% "strongly" and 6% "somewhat" unfavorable).[1]

Background

autonomy of Mongolia
and obtained trade concessions

Russia and Mongolia share a 3,500-kilometer border.[2] When Chinese forces attacked Mongolia in 1919 to negate its independence from China, the Russian Asiatic Cavalry Division commanded by Roman von Ungern-Sternberg helped Mongolia ward off the invasion. The

Soviet military support
and under Soviet influence.

Embassy of Mongolia in Moscow
Embassy of Russia in Ulaanbaatar

Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic

Main article: Soviet intervention in Mongolia

The Soviet Union supported the

transferable roubles (disputed by the Mongolians).[5]

The communist regimes of Mongolia and the USSR forged close bilateral relations and cooperation.

relations with the United States and China.[6] In 1989, Mongolia and the Soviet Union finalized plans for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Mongolia.[6]

Contemporary times

Russian, Mongolian and Chinese troops and military equipment parade during the Vostok 2018 military exercises.

Following the

Russian President Vladimir Putin made a landmark visit to Mongolia —the first by a Russian head of state since Leonid Brezhnev in 1974[8] and one of the first of Putin's presidency— and renewed a major bilateral treaty.[2][7] The visit and improvement in bilateral relations was popularly welcomed in Mongolia as countering China's influence.[7] Russia lowered the prices of oil and energy exports to Mongolia and enhanced cross-border trade.[7] The Russian government wrote off 98% of Mongolia's state debt and an agreement was signed to build an oil pipeline from Russia to China through Mongolia.[2]

In March 2022, Mongolia abstained from the UN vote to condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[9]

In September 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the Vostok-2022 [ru] military exercise in the Russian Far East. Beyond Russian troops, the exercises also included military forces from Mongolia, among others.[10]

Due to Mongolia being the signatory of the

unlawful deportation and transfer of children amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11][12]

Most prominent economic collaboration between Russia and Mongolia is the Power of Siberia 2 natural gas pipeline, construction of which is expected to begin in 2024.[13] The planned 2,600 km pipeline connecting Russia and China via Mongolia will have a capacity of 50 billion cubic meters of gas per year and could be operational by 2030, generating transit fees and gas supplies for Mongolia.

State visits

From Soviet and Russian leaders to Mongolia

From Mongolian leaders to Russia

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pre-Presidential Election National Survey of Mongolian Public Opinion" (PDF). iri.org. July 23, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Blagov, Sergei (May 2005). "Mongolia Drifts Away From Russia Toward China". China Brief. 5 (10). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on March 22, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  3. ^ a b c Balazs Szalontai, "From the Demolition of Monasteries to the Installation of Neon Lights: The Politics of Urban Construction in the Mongolian People's Republic" in Sites of Modernity: Asian Cities in the Transitory Moments of Trade, Colonialism, and Nationalism (ed. Wasana Wongsurawat), pp. 165-66.
  4. ^ a b c d e Morris Rossabi, Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists (University of California Press, 2005), pp. 31-37.
  5. ^ Alan J. K. Sanders, "Russia: Relations With Mongolia" in Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (3d ed.: Scarecrow Press, 2010), pp. 616-23.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Mongolia — Soviet relations". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Russia Seeks To Restore Position in Mongolia As Most Favored Neighbor". Eurasianet.org. 2000-11-17. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  8. ISBN 99929-0-627-8
    , p. 55
  9. ^ "How Did Asian Countries Vote on the UN's Ukraine Resolution?". The Diplomat. 3 March 2022.
  10. ^ "Kremlin says Putin attends military exercises with Chinese forces". Al Jazeera. 6 September 2022.
  11. ^ "Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova". International Criminal Court. 17 March 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  12. ^ Flacks, Marti (20 March 2023). "The ICC Wants Putin. Now What?".
  13. ^ Adiya, Amar (2022-08-26). "Mongolia Maintains Neutrality After 6 Months of Ukraine War". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
  14. ^ "Wilson Center Digital Archive".
  15. ^ "Soviet Helps Mongolia Shed Feudalism". The New York Times. 14 December 1974.
  16. Presidential Press and Information Office. 9 May 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2010. [dead link
    ]
  17. ^ Lucy Westcott (May 9, 2015). "Russia flexes military might as foreign leaders stay away from V-E parade". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Relations of Mongolia and Russia.

Diplomatic missions

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