Phenylpropanoid
4-Coumaroyl-CoA
is the central biosynthetic precursor to phenylpropanoids (shown in protonated state)
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the
stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids.[2] The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid
.
Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from
plant-pollinator interactions
as floral pigments and scent compounds.
Hydroxycinnamic acids
Phenylalanine is first converted to
fragrances, which serve many functions such as attracting pollinators. Ethyl cinnamate
is a common example.
Cinnamic aldehydes and monolignols
Reduction of the
methoxylation. The monolignols are monomers that are polymerized to generate various forms of lignin and suberin
, which are used as a structural component of plant cell walls.
The phenylpropenes, phenylpropanoids with
parent compound, are also derived from the monolignols. Examples include eugenol, chavicol, safrole, and estragole. These compounds are the primary constituents of various essential oils
.
Coumarins and flavonoids
Hydroxylation of
Chalcones are the precursors of all flavonoids, a diverse class of phytochemicals
.
Stilbenoids
4-coumaroyl-CoA
.
Sporopollenin
Phenylpropanoids and other
phenolics are part of the chemical composition of sporopollenin. It is related to cutin and suberin.[2] This ill-defined substance found in pollen is unusually resistant to degradation. Analyses have revealed a mixture of biopolymers, containing mainly hydroxylated fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics and traces of carotenoids. Tracer experiments have shown that phenylalanine
is a major precursor, but other carbon sources also contribute. It is likely that sporopollenin is derived from several precursors that are chemically cross-linked to form a rigid structure.
See also
References
- S2CID 3462127.)
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ PMID 20035037.
External links
- K Hahlbrock, D Scheel (1989). "Physiology and Molecular Biology of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 40: 347–69. .