Xanthonoid

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Mangiferin, a xanthonoid found in mangoes

A xanthonoid is a chemical

natural phenolic compound formed from the xanthone backbone. Many members of the Clusiaceae
contain xanthonoids.

Xanthonoid biosynthesis in cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum involves the presence of a benzophenone synthase condensing a molecule of benzoyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA yielding to 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone. This intermediate is subsequently converted by a benzophenone 3′-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, leading to the formation of 2,3′,4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone.[1]

Some examples are

Cassia reticulata.[7]

Cytotoxic xanthones (gambogin, morellin dimethyl acetal, isomoreollin B, moreollic acid, gambogenic acid, gambogenin, isogambogenin, desoxygambogenin, gambogenin dimethyl acetal, gambogellic acid, gambogic acid, isomorellin, morellic acid, desoxymorellin and hanburin) can be isolated from the dry latex of Garcinia hanburyi (gamboge tree).[8]

References

  1. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01507-X
  2. ^ Tomentonone, a new xanthonoid from the stem bark of Calophyllum tomentosum. Banerji A., Deshpande A. D., Prabhu B. R. and Padmanava P., Journal of natural products, 1994, vol. 57, no3, pp. 396-399
  3. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00507-4
  4. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(98)00644-9
  5. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.007
  6. doi:10.1021/np50008a010
  7. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85246-2
  8. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00682-6
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