Seabee
Naval Construction Battalions | |
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Enduring Freedom | |
Website | www |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Admiral Ben Moreell |
United States Naval Construction Battalions, better known as the Navy Seabees, form the U.S. Naval Construction Force (NCF). The Seabee nickname is a
Naval Construction Battalions were conceived of as replacements for civilian construction companies in combat zones after the attack on
CB Conceptual Formation
In the 1930s
In 1941, the Navy and BuDocks decided to improve project oversight of civilian contractors by creating "Headquarters Construction Companies".
The Seabee
Their official motto is "We build, we fight." The NCF also adopted the motto "Can Do" as the force believed it could do anything it was tasked with. The Seabees boasted of this by posting signs reading: "The difficult we Can Do now, The impossible takes a little longer". It has appeared in numerous works pertaining to the Seabees, including official documents, official naval histories, Navy websites, and websites for related cultural institutions.[19][20][21] The motto was depicted in the 1944 film The Fighting Seabees, starring John Wayne.
World War II
On 28 December 1941, Adm. Moreell requested authority to commission three Naval Construction Battalions. His request was approved on 5 January 1942 by
Concurrently, the other requested companies had been approved. BuDocks took Companies 2 & 3 to form the 1st Naval Construction Battalion at Charleston, South Carolina. HQ Companies 4 & 5 were used for the 2nd CB.[23] All four companies deployed independently. CBs 3, 4, & 5 were deployed the same way.[25] CB 6 was the first battalion to deploy as a Battalion.[25]
Before all this could happen, BuDocks had to address the dual command issue.
The first volunteers were tradesmen that received advanced rank for their trade skills. This resulted in the Seabees being the highest-paid group in uniform.
In 1942, initial CB boot was at
CBs sent to the Pacific were attached to one of the four Amphibious Corps: I, III, and V were USMC. The
Advance Bases
The Office of Naval Operations created a code identifying Advance Base (AB)
In the Atlantic the Seabees biggest job was the preparations for the
African American Service: the Seabee stevedores
In February 1942
In early 1943 the Navy commissioned its first African American officers. That same year, the Navy drew up a proposal to raise the number of colored CBs to 5 and require that all non-rated men in the next 24 CBs be colored. The proposal was approved, but not acted on.
The lack of stevedores in combat zones was a huge issue for the Navy. Authorization for the formation of cargo handling CBs or "Special CBs" happened mid-September 1942.
The 17th Special CB was one of the segregated Specials and was at
- On Peleliu, shore party detachments from the 33rd and 73rd CBs received Presidential Unit Citations as did the primary shore party (1st Marine Pioneers).[55] The Commander of the 17th Special CB received the same commendatory letter as the Company Commanders of the 7th Marine Ammunition Co. and the 11th Marine Depot Co. Before the battle was even over, Maj. Gen. Rupertus, USMC wrote to each:
"The negro race can well be proud of the work performed [by the 11th Marine Depot Co./ 7th Marine Ammunition Co./ 17th Special CB]. The wholehearted co-operation and untiring efforts which demonstrated in every respect that they appreciated the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with the marines in combat. Please convey to your command these sentiments and inform them that in the eyes of the entire division they have earned a 'well done'."[56][57] The Department of the Navy made an official press release 28 November 1944 of the 17th CB's copy of this letter.[58]
- African American Seabees[59][60]
Seabee North Slope Oil Exploration 1944
Construction Battalion Detachment (CBD) 1058 was formed from "screening Camp Peary and the NCF for
- Do a detailed geologic study at Umiat and Cape Simpson
- Drill test and core holes
- Drill a deep well
- Do complete aerial and overland pipeline surveys for NPR 4.[61]
- Build a base camp with a runway at Point Barrow
- Build field camp runways at Umiat and Bettles
On July 19 the
Land surveys
Twice the Seabees have been tasked with large-scale land surveys. The first was done by CBD 1058 for a proposed NPR 4 pipeline route to Fairbanks. The
see Notes
Malaria and Epidemic Control Group
BUMED created the Malaria and Epidemic Control Group to deal with insect-borne diseases. Between August 1942, and February 1943, American troops in the Pacific averaged 10 malaria cases for every combat injury. Seabees oiled, drained and sprayed mosquito breeding areas and inspected and fumigated ships and aircraft transiting malaria-infested areas.[69] It was an important task that absolutely needed to be done in order for the United States to field an effective combat force. On Guadalcanal the 63rd CB had malaria control as its primary task.[70] At Gulfport a school was established to train Battalions for the Malaria and Epidemic Control Group.
World War II Seabees outside the NCF
During World War II Seabees were tasked outside the NCF in the USMC, NCDUs, and UDTs.
Marine Corps
USMC historian Gordon L. Rottman wrote "that one of the biggest contributions the Navy made to the Marine Corps during WWII was the creation of the Seabees".
When the first three CBs were formed the Seabees did not have a base of their own. Upon leaving
When CBs were created the Marine Corps wanted one for each of the three Marine Divisions, but were told no because of war priorities. Even so, early Seabee units were connected with Marine Corps ops. The 1st Naval Construction Detachment (Bobcats)
By autumn, the 18th, 19th and 25th CBs
After Guadalcanal amphibious operations became joint USMC/Seabee pairings. The 6th CB joined the
When the Marine Engineer Regiments were inactivated in 1944, CBs were then tasked to Marine Divisions. For
From Iwo Jima the 5th Marine Div. returned to
CBs were also tasked individually to the three USMC Amphibious Corps. The 19th CB started out with the
- Two sections of CBMU 515 saw combat with the 22nd Marines on Guam.[104]
- When the decision was made to construct Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton in 1942, BuDocks issued the main contracts to civilian contractors. However, the base project was so large that some smaller contracts were awarded to the Seabees, one of which was a Quonsent Camp for USMC instruction of Naval Construction Battalions in area 25(Vado del Rio).[105] Seabees were also involved in the construction of Camp Del Mar in area 21 and erected a temporary construction camp close by while they were assigned.[105]
When the war ended the Seabees had a unique interservice standing with the U.S. Marine Corps.[106] Seabee historian William Bradford Huie wrote "that the two have a camaraderie unknown else-wheres in the U.S. military".[107] Even though they are "Navy" the Seabees adopted USMC fatigues with a Seabee insignia in place of the EGA. At least 10 CB units incorporated USMC insignia into theirs. Admiral Moreell wrote, tongue in cheek, that the Marines were the best fighting men in the Pacific, but one had to serve 90 days with the Seabees to qualify to as a "Junior Bee".[108]
In early May 1943, a two-phase "Naval Demolition Project" was ordered by the
The
With Europe invaded, Admiral Turner requisitioned all available NCDUs from Fort Pierce for integration into the UDTs for the Pacific. That netted him 20 NCDUs that had received Presidential Unit Citations and another 11 that had gotten Navy Unit Commendations.
see Notes
Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT)s
Prior to
In November the Navy had a hard lesson with coral and tides at
The first team commanders were Cmdr. E.D. Brewster (CEC) UDT 1 and Lt. Crist (CEC) UDT 2. Both Teams were "provisional" totaling the 180 men Lt Crist had put together from the 7th NCR.
Adm. Turner also requested the formation of a Demolition Training Center at
On Guam team 8 requested permission to build a base.[136] It was approved by AdComPhibsPac, but disapproved by Island Command.[136] Team 8 turned to the CBs on the island and got everything needed.[136] Coral paving got placed the night before Admiral Nimitz inspected, giving teams 8 & 10 a glowing review.[136]
By V-J day 34 teams had been formed.
Teams 1–21 saw actual deployment with the Seabees providing over half of the men in those teams. The Navy did not publicize the existence of the UDTs until post-war and when they did they gave credit to Lt. Cmdr. Kauffman and the Seabees.
UDTs had to be of standard recruiting age, Seabees older could not volunteer. Mid-year 1945, in preparation for the cooler waters around Japan, a cold water training center was created. With it came a more demanding physical. Team 9 lost 70% of the team to this change.
Postwar, MCB 7 was tasked with projects at the UDT training facility on
see Notes
Cold War
When World War II ended the Cold War began. Seabee service during this period supported a broad spectrum of the national interest; nuclear testing, two wars, embassy security, space race, CIA, military communications, international relations, pure science, and Camp David.
Postwar interlude: Siberia-China
On V-J-Day CB 114 was in the Aleutians. In September 1945 the battalion sent a detachment to the
V-J-Day brought about
Nuclear tests
In early 1946 the 53rd NCB was deployed with Operation Crossroads for the nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll.[144] It was designated Task Unit TU 1.8.6.[145] 53's project list included observation, instrument and communication towers, radio beacons, seismic huts, photo reference crosses, general base and recreational facilities, as well as dredging the lagoon. In addition, recreational facilities were constructed on Japtan Island for the ships crews of the Operation. The Battalion also assisted the relocation of the natives. They disassembled both the Community center and church for reassembly on Rongerik Atoll. In August the battalion was decommissioned with men transferred to CBD 1156 that was then commissioned on Bikini.[146] The TU 1.8.6 designation transferred to the CBD. CBD 1156 remained for nine days after the second test.[147][148]
UDT 3 was designated TU 1.1.3 for the operation. On 27 April 1946, seven officers and 51 enlisted embarked at CBC Port Hueneme for Bikini.
The 121st CB was decommissioned in December and re-designated CBD 1504.[150] In January 1947 CBs 104 and 105 were reactivated. The 30th NCR was home-ported on Guam composed of CBDs 1501-13 and NCB 103. In 1949, the 103rd was made a Mobile Construction Battalion (MCB) while CBs 104 and 105 were made Amphibious Construction Battalions(ACBs). From 1949 until 1968 CBs were designated MCBs. In 1949, MCB 1 was reactivated at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, VA. In June 1950 the NCF totaled a few thousand.
Korean War
The outbreak of the Korean War led to a call-up of 10,000 from the Seabee Reserve. Seabees landed at Inchon during the assault, installing causeways dealing with enormous tides and enemy fire. Their actions there and elsewheres underscored the necessity of having CBs. During that war the authorized size of a CB was 550 men. When the truce was declared there was no CB demobilization as there had been at the end of World War II.
During the Korea, the U.S. realized the need of an air station in the region.
Seabee Teams
The World War II precursor to Seabee teams was the PT Advance base Detachment of the 113th CB. Each man was cross-trained in at least three trades with some qualified as corpsmen and divers.
Construction Civic Action Details or CCAD[160] CCADs or "See-Kads" are larger civic action units of 20–25 Seabees[161] with the same purpose as Seabee Teams. The CCAD designation is not found in the record prior to 2013.
Camp David
Camp David is officially known as
Antarctica: Science
Operation Highjump
In December 1946, 166 Seabees sailed from Port Hueneme on the USS Yancey and USS Merrick assigned to Operation Highjump. They were part of Admiral Richard E. Byrd's Antarctic expedition. The U.S. Navy was in charge with "Classified" orders "to do all it could to establish a basis for a (U.S.) land claim in Antarctica".[164] The Navy sent the Seabees to do the job starting with the construction of Little America (exploration base) IV as well as a runway for aerial mapping flights.[165] This Operation was vastly larger than IGY Operation Deep Freeze that followed.[164]
Operation Deep Freeze
In 1955, Seabees were assigned to Operation Deep Freeze making Antarctica an annual deployment site. Their task was the construction and maintenance of scientific bases for the National Science Foundation. The first "wintering over" crew included 200 Seabees. They cleared an 6,000-foot (1,800 m) ice runway at Mcmurdo for the advance party of Deep Freeze II to fly to South Pole Station. MCB 1 was assigned for Deep Freeze II.
Antarctica added to the Seabee's list of accomplishments:
- Tractor train traverses covering hundreds of miles.
- Bases built: Hallett Station, and Little America IV and Little America V
- MCB 1s construction of a nuclear power plant[167] which got them a Navy Unit Commendation.
- NMCB 71s construction of a Buckminster Fuller Geodesic dome at So. Pole Station.[168] It became a symbolic icon of the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP).
see Notes
Vietnam War
Seabees were in Vietnam twice in the 1950s. First in June 1954, as elements of
In 1968, the Marine Corps requested that the Navy make a change. The Marines were using "MCB" for "Marine Corps Base" while the Navy was using "MCB" for "Mobile Construction Battalion", it was causing confusion in logistics. The Navy agreed and added "Naval" to MCB creating the NMCBs that now exist. During that year the 30th NCR had five battalions in the Da Nang area and two at Chu Lai. The 32nd NCR had three battalions tasked near Phu Bai and one at Dong Ha. In May 1968 two reserve battalions RNMCB 12 and 22 were activated, bring the total number of battalions in Vietnam to 21. Both ACBs were in theater as well as CBMUs 301 and 302. In 1968, NMCB 10 drew an atypical Seabee "task" supporting the
During Vietnam the Seabees had a few uniform variations. One was the stenciling of unit numbers across the back of the field jacket M-65.[174] Another was the collar and cover devices for enlisted E4-E6. The Navy authorized that the "crow" be replaced by the rating insignia of each trade. Nametags were another, they started out white with a multicolored seabee. In 1968, the USMC OD green pattern was copied. The NAVCATs became the only Seabees to ever be authorized to wear a shoulder patch.[175]
NAVCATs Naval Construction Action Teams
CBMU 302 had 23 NAVCATS(Naval Construction Action Teams) total with 15 the most active at one time.[176] Teams were numbered 1-23. They were Vice Admiral Elmo Zumwalt's expansion of the Seabee Team concept. He submitted it in November 1968 to General Creighton Abrams commander of Military Assistance Command, Vietnam.[177]
Agent Orange Many Seabees were exposed to the
Space race: NASA/Tektite I
In 1960, a MCB 10 detachment built a Project Mercury telemetry and ground instrumentation station on Canton island.[181][182]
On 28 January 1969 a detachment of 50 men
At present[
- After the Seabees left Camp Peary the CIA moved into the base and now refer to it as "the Farm".
- During World War II NAS Tanapag, Saipan was a "major propaganda site of the counter-intelligence and psychological warfare techniques. Training is performed in support of CIA activities conducted throughout the Far East area."[194] The Seabees cease listing the Public Works assignments at NAS Tanapag in 1953 while the CIA remained until 1962. However, MCB 9 deployed to Saipan in 1954 with one of their projects being the up-grading of the Public Works shops.[195] MCB 10 Det Bravo deployed to Saipan from July 1957 until February 1958 with projects unlisted.[196]
- A year before the radio towers with a supporting airstrip, dock, and quonsets erected on Swan Island, built asap, with no construction plans for the Seabees.[197] The station would be independent-self sufficient. Det Tango of MCB 6 was given the project.[197] LSTs 1046 and 1056 delivered men and materials from CBC Quonset Point.[197] The Seabees had the CIA's "Radio Swan" on the air in short order.[197]
Naval Intelligence: NAVFACs
The Navy built 22 Naval Facilities (NAVFACs) for its
The Seabees have also been tasked building Naval Communication facilities. One at Nea Makri Greece was built by MCB 6 in 1962 and upgraded by NMCB 133. Naval Comm Station Sidi Yahya was first built in World War II another is NavCommSta Guam. It started out on the island as the Joint Communications Agency (JCA) in 1945.
In 1964, at the height of the Cold War, Seabees were assigned to the State Department because listening devices were found in the
The Support Unit has a limited number of special billets for select NCOs, E-5 and above. These Seabees are assigned to the
Cold War winds down
As the
In 1983, a truck bomb demolished the
CN Carmella Jones became the first female Seabee when she cross-rated to Equipment Operator during the summer of 1972.[210]
International terrorism
The Cold war did not end until 1991 and
Persian Gulf War
Over 5,000 Seabees served in the
Iraq, Afghanistan, and the War on Terror
Seabees deployed in both initial invasions of the
In Afghanistan, the Seabees' main task was the construction of multiple
Since 2002, Seabees have provided civic action support in the Philippines,[212] most notably near Abu Sayyaf's jungle training area in the southern Philippines. Seabees work with Army, Marines, and Air Force under the Joint Special Operations Task Forcem -Philippines.[212]
Seabees have supported the
Disaster Relief and Recovery
- Hurricane Camille hit NCBC Gulfport, Mississippi, NMCB-121 was in homeport and was tasked with base cleanup, rescue, and community outreach.
- Cyclone Ofa in 1990 NMCB 133 sent a det to American Samoa to aid the recovery.
- 1994 Northridge earthquake, Seabees supported the disaster recovery.
- Hurricane Andrew in 1992, Seabees provided disaster recovery to Homestead, Florida.[211]
- Operation Restore Hope In 1992–1993 two battalions were sent for the humanitarian efforts in Somalia.[213]
- Operation Sea Signal 1994 Seabees provided assistance to the Haitian Relief effort at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.[211]
- Operation Joint Endeavor In Dec. 1995, Seabees were in Croatia supporting the peacekeeping in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. NMCB 40 was tasked to the U.S. Army 1st Infantry Div. for dismantling FOBs during the IFOR/SFOR phase.[211]
- Hurricane Georges Seabees deployed to the Caribbean with damage assessment teams, generators and water trucks providing disaster relief.
- Hurricane Mitch 1998 Seabees deployed to Honduras with Joint Task Force Bravo. They did road and bridge repair, debris cleanup, and erected camps. For NMCB 7, it was on their second humanitarian mission of the deployment.
- Hurricane Ivan NMCBs 1 & 74 deployed in September 2004 to the repair Naval Air Station Pensacola. They cleared debris, repaired roads, erected tents, and provided general support.
- Typhoon Nanmadol (2004) NMCB 7 provided disaster relief.
- 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami NMCBs 7, 40, and UCT 2 provided disaster relief.
- Joint Task Force Katrina 2005. Seabees from NMCBs 1, 7, 18, 40 and 133 plus ACB 2 and CBMUs 202 and 303 and UCT 1 were tasked the reconstruction of CBC Gulfport and the recovery of the Gulf Coast[214]
- 2010 Haiti earthquake NMCB 7 provided construction support and disaster relief with UCT 1, ACB-2 and Army Engineers.
- April 2011 Miyagi earthquake Seabees from NMCB-133 and UCT 2 deployed to Japan as part of the relief effort.
- Hurricane Sandy NMCB 11 Air Det deployed to support disaster recovery in New Jersey and New York.[215] NMCB 5 assisted disaster relief throughout the Sandy Hook area.[216]
At present, there are six active-duty Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) in the United States Navy, split between the Pacific Fleet and the Atlantic Fleet.
30th Naval Construction Regiment is located on Guam. Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme, CA is homeport to the Regiment's battalions.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5
22nd Naval Construction Regiment is stationed at Naval Construction Battalion Center (Gulfport, Mississippi) the homeport to the Atlantic fleet CBs.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133
NCF Reserve From the 1960s through 1991, reserve battalions were designated as "Reserve Naval Mobile Construction Battalions" (RNMCBs). After 1991 "Reserve" was dropped with the integration of reserve units within the NCF making all battalions NMCBs
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 14, HQ Gulfport, MS. detachments in five states and Puerto Rico.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 18, HQ Port Hueneme, CA., detachments in six states and Guam.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 22, HQ Port Hueneme, CA. detachments in five states.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 25, HQ Port Hueneme, CA. detachments in six states.
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 27, HQ Gulfport, MS. detachments in seven states.
Detachment: A construction crew that is "detached" from the battalion's "main body" deployment site. The size is determined by the project scale and timeline.
Battalion: The battalion is the basic NCF unit with a HQ Company plus four Construction Companies: A, B, C, & D. CBs are organized to function as independent self sufficient units.
Regiment: Naval Construction Regiments (NCRs) provide a higher echelon command to three or four CBs operating on close proximity.
Naval Construction Groups 1 and 2: In 2013, Seabee Readiness Groups (SRGs) were decommissioned, and re-organized as NCG-1 and NCG-2. They are regimental-level command groups tasked with administrative and operational control of CBs, as well as conducting pre deployment training for all assigned units. NCG-2 is based at CBC Gulfport while NCG-1 is at CBC Port Hueneme.
Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Team (SERTs)
SERTs are the
Seabees outside the NCF
Amphibious Construction Battalions (PHIBCBs)
ACBs (or PHIBCB) were preceded by the pontoon assembly CBs formed during World War II. On 31 October 1950, MCBs 104 and 105 were re-designated ACB 1 and ACB 2, and assigned to Naval Beach Groups. ACBs report to surface TYCOMs. Additionally, in an ACB half the enlisted are a construction rate while the other half are fleet.
Construction Battalion Maintenance Units
When during World War II these units had 1/4 the personnel of a CB. Their task was to assume maintenance of bases once CBs had completed construction. Today, CBMU's provide public works support at Naval Support Activities,
- CBMU 202[219] Naval Base Little Creek, VA
- det Jacksonville
- CBMU 303[220] Navy Expeditionary Combat Force, Naval Base San Diego, Ca.
- det Port Hueneme
- det Pearl Harbor
NAVFAC Engineering & Expeditionary Warfare Center Ocean Facilities Department.[221] Gives support to the Fleet through the support of Underwater Construction Teams.[221] UCTs deploy worldwide to conduct underwater construction, inspection, repair, and underwater demolition.
Underwater Construction Teams (UCT)
UCTs deploy worldwide tasked with underwater construction, inspections, repairs, and demolition operations. They can support a Fleet Marine Force amphibious operation or provide combat service support ashore. UCT1 is home ported at Little Creek, Virginia, while UCT2 is at Port Hueneme, California.[222]
After basic UCT training a diver is qualified as a 2nd Class Diver. Training is 26 weeks at the Dive school at Panama City, Florida. It includes a tactical training phase for advanced combat and demolitions skills.[223] The training qualifies divers as Underwater Construction Technicians skilled in: seafloor excavation, hydrographic surveys, search and recovery, engineering reconnaissance, and precision demolitions. Senior NCOs are schooled for their supervisory positions whether construction or demolition.[224]
UCT divers can apply for selection to support the
Public Works: U.S. Naval Bases
These units have CEC officers leading them and enlisted Seabees for the various crews. About one-third of new Seabees are assigned to
Combat Service Support Detachments (CSSD) / Naval Special Warfare (NSW)
The Seabee detachments have several hundred supporting
Training and Rates
Trainees begin "A" School (trade school) upon completion of boot: 4 weeks classroom, 8 weeks hands-on. From "A" School, trainees most often report to a NMCB or ACB. There, recruits go through four-weeks of Expeditionary Combat Skills (ECS), which is also required for those who report to a Navy Expeditionary Combat Command. ECS provides basic training in map reading, combat first aid, recon and other combat-related skills. Half of each course is spent on basic marksmanship to qualify with the M4 carbine and the M9 service pistol. Those posted to Alfa Company of an NMCB may be assigned to a crew-served weapon, like the MK 19 40mm grenade launcher, the M2 Browning .50-caliber machine gun or the M240 machine gun. Many reserve units still field the M60 machine gun. Seabees were last in the U.S. military to wear the U.S. Woodland camouflage uniform and the Desert Camouflage Uniform. They now have the Navy Working Uniform Type III and use ALICE field gear. Some units with the Marines will use USMC-issue Improved Load Bearing Equipment (ILBE).
Current rates:[230][231] The current ratings were adopted by the Navy in 1948.
- BU : Builder
- CE : Construction Electrician
- CM : Construction Mechanic
- EA : Engineering aide
- EO : Equipment operator
- SW : Steelworker
- UT : Utilitiesman
The Seabee "constructionman" ranks of E-1 through E-3 are designated by sky-blue stripes on uniforms. The color was adopted in 1899 as a uniform trim color designating the Civil Engineer Corps, but was later given up. Its continued use is a bit of Naval Heritage in the NCF.
At paygrade E-8, the Builder, Steelworker, and Engineering Aid rates combine into a single rate: Senior Chief Constructionman (CUCS). Before NAVADMIN 054/21, at the E-9 paygrade they were referred to as a Master Chief Constructionman (CUCM).
Before NAVADMIN 054/21, the remaining Seabee rates combined only at the E-9 paygrade:
- Master Chief Equipmentman (EQCM) for Equipment Operator and Construction Mechanic.
- Master Chief Utilitiesman (UCCM) for Construction Electrician and Utilitiesman.
Per NAVADMIN 054/21: Constructionman Master Chief (CUCM), Equipmentman Master Chief (EQCM) and Utilities Constructionman Master Chief (UCCM) renamed Seabee Master Chief (CBCM). Those Master Chiefs already in CUCM, EQCM or UCCM ratings were to be automatically converted to CBCM on 15 March 2021, but current source ratings badges were to be retained.
Diver is a qualification that the various rates can obtain with three grades: Basic Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5932 (2nd Class Diver), Advanced Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5931 (1st Class Diver), and Master Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5933 (Master diver). Seabee divers are attached to five principal commands outside the NCF:
- UCT ONE, Little Creek, VA.[232]
- UCT TWO, Port Hueneme, CA.
- Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) that has detachments in Port Hueneme, CA, and in the Washington Navy Yard, DC. These are CEC officer billets only. Those at Port Hueneme are with the highly technical NFESC "Dive Locker Team".[233]
- Navy System Commands, e.g., NAVSEA or NAVAIR. These are CEC officer billets only.[232]
- NEDU/NDSTC (Navy Experimental Diving Unit – Navy Diving & Salvage Training Center)[232]
The "Seabee" and Unit insignias
On 1 March 1942 the RADM Moreell recommended that an insignia be created to promote esprit de corps in the new CBs to ID their equipment as the Air corps did to ID squadrons. It was not intended for uniforms.[1]: 136 Frank J. Iafrate, a civilian file clerk at Quonset Point Advance Naval Base, Davisville, Rhode Island, who created the original "Disney Style" Seabee. In early 1942 his design was sent to RADM Moreell who made a single request: that the Seabee being set inside a letter Q, for Quonset Point, be changed to a hawser rope and it would be officially adopted.[234]
The Seabees had a second Logo. It was of a shirtless constructionman holding a sledge hammer with a rifle strapped across his back standing upon the words "Construimus Batuimus USN". The figure was on a shield with a blue field across the top and vertical red and white stripes. A small CEC logo is left of the figure and a small anchor is to the right. This logo was incorporated into many CB Unit insignias.[235]
During World War II, artists working for Disney Insignia Department designed logos for about ten Seabee units including the: 60th NCB,[236] 78th NCB[236] 112th NCB,[237] and the 133rd NCB.[238] There are two Disney published Seabee logos that are not identified with any unit.[239]
The end of World War II brought the decommissioning of nearly all of the CBs. They had been in existence less than four years when this happened and the Navy had not created a Historical Branch or Archive for the NCF. So, there was no central archive for Seabee history. As time passed, first with Korea and then Vietnam, Construction Battalions were reactivated with the units having no idea what the World War II insignia had been so they made new ones.
Qualification badges and Unit awards
The military qualification badge for the Seabees is known as the Seabee combat warfare specialist insignia (SCW). It was created in 1993 for both officers and enlisted personnel attached to qualifying units: NMCBs, ACBs, UCTs, or NCRs. Its designer, Commander Ross S. Selvidge, CEC, USNR, was the first to wear the insignia.
The
The Peltier Award is given annually to the "Best of Type" active duty Construction Battalion. It was instituted by Rear Admiral Eugene J. Peltier CEC in 1960. He was Commander of BuDocks 1959–1962.[240]
Seabee barge carriers
There were six
Museums
The U.S. Navy Seabee Museum[243] is located outside the main gate of Naval Base Ventura County in Port Hueneme, California. In July 2011, the new facility opened with galleries, a grand hall, a theater, storage, and research areas.
The Seabee Heritage Center is the Atlantic Coast Annex of the Seabee Museum in Port Hueneme.[244] It opened in 1995.[245] Exhibits at the Gulfport Annex are provided by the Seabee Museum in Port Hueneme.[246]
The Seabee Museum and Memorial Park[247] in Davisville, Rhode Island was opened in the late 1990s. A Fighting Seabee Statue is located there.
Seabees of notable Seabee service
- Admiral Ben Moreell (created the Seabees)
- CM3 Marvin Glenn Shields (Medal of Honor)
- SW2 Robert Stethem (Seabee diver)
- Cdr Blake Wayne Van Leer
See also
- Military engineering of the United States
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 7
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 26
- Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 40
- Parks Reserve Forces Training Area
- Seabees Memorial
- United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit
- Unsinkable aircraft carrier
- Seabees Naval Bases in North Africa
- USS Marvin Shields
Other U.S. military construction/engineering units:
Notes
World War II
- Presidential Unit Citation USN/USMC
- U.S. Army Distinguished Unit Citation
- WWII U.S.N. CB awards for valor were listed each month in All Hands along with the rest of the Navy.[248]
Marine Corps, Seabees outside the NCF
- When the 18th, 19th and 25th CBs were transferred to the Marine Corps they each were reduced by one company plus 1/5th of Hq Co to match the organization of a USMC battalion. B Co from the 25th CB[249] and C Co from the 18th CB[250] were used to form the 53rd CB. The other company was used to form the 121st CB.
- Due to Seabees being given advanced rank upon enlistment, enlisted Marines referred to construction battalions as "sergeant's battalions". USMC sergeants do not pull guard duty, so the ranked Seabees would not be assigned. The NCOs of the 18th wore USMC chevrons and not USN "crows" on their uniforms.[251]
- USN insignia on USMC issue.[252]
- Seabees were shore party for the Marines on Bougainville,[91] Peleliu,[90] Guam,[253] Purata Island,[92] Roi-Namur, Saipan,[254] Iwo Jima,[95] and Okinawa.[255] The Marines deployed them as combat engineers at Cape Gloucester,[256] Tarawa,[257] and Tinian.[258]
- The first Marines assigned to a CB were attached to CBD 1010 on Guam.[259] The 2nd Separate Marine Engineer Battalion was next, assigned to the 27th NCR with two former USMC CBs; the 25th and the 53rd.[260] In mid-August 1944 the 1st Separate Marine Engineer Battalion was assigned to the 30th NCR.[261] Prior, 100 Marines were assigned to the 71st CB on Bougainville.
NCDUs, Seabees outside the NCF
- NCDUs at Normandy: 11, 22–30, 41–46, 127–8, 130-42[114]
- The Joint Army Navy Experimental Testing (JANET) site for beach obstacle removal, Project DM-361, was located at the ex-Seabee base, Camp Bradford after the NCDU program moved.[262]
- 14 NCDUs were combined to create UDT 9, almost completely Seabees[126]
- NCDUs 200 – 216 were combined to create UDT 15.[117]
- Presidential Unit Citation USN/USMC : Naval Combat Demolition Force O on Omaha beach at Normandy.[263]
- Navy Unit Commendation: Naval Combat Demolition Force U on Utah beach at Normandy.
UDTs, Seabees outside the NCF
- The Naval Special Warfare Commandbuilding at the U.S.N. Seal base at Fort Pierce is named for Ltjg. Frank Kaine CEC commander of NCDU 2.
- General Donovan the head of the OSS approached General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz about using OSS men in the Pacific[129] with Europe invaded. Gen. MacArthur had no interest.[129] Adm. Nimitz looked at Donovan's list and also said no, except he could use the swimmers from the Maritime Unit.[129] He was only interested in them for being swimmers not being OSS.
- Seabees outside the NCF, made Conolly felt Lt. Crist and Lt. Carberry of UDTs 3 & 4 should have received Navy Crosses at Guam.[121]
- many of the men from UDTs 1 and 2 were used to form UDTs 3 and 4.[117]
- UDT 3 at formation had 11 CEC, 4 USN, 1 USMC Officers[126]
- UDT 7's officers went through "indoctrination" in "Area E" at Camp Peary.[126]
Seabee North Slope Oil Exploration 1944
- Seabee Creek was named by CBD 1058 and runs into the Colville River at Umiat, AK.
- USN geologists with CBD 1058 discovered the large Aupuk Gas Seep.[265]
Cold War: Korea – Seabee Teams
- In October 1965 MCB 11 had two Seabee Teams assigned to "Project Demo". The U.S. State Dept. tasked them with de-bugging embassies behind the
Cold War: Antarctica
- Transantarctic mountains. It overlooks the Beardmore GlacierSeabee traverse route inland.
- Ross sea.
Cold War: Vietnam
- Commander Naval Construction Battalion U.S. Pacific Fleet, Tân Sơn Nhất, Republic of Vietnam, Completion Report 1963–1972.
- Military training for CBs during this period lasted six weeks. Two weeks were at the respective homeport and four weeks with the Marines at Camp Lejuene or Camp Pendleton.
- Presidential Unit Citation USN/USMC : Dets from MCBs 5, 10, 53 and CBMU 301 in support of the 26th Marines at the Battle of Khe Sanh Jan–Feb 1968.[169]
- Cold War projects: 1961 floating dry dock for Polaris submarines at Holy Loch, Scotland.[268] 1963 U.S. Naval Communications Listening Station Nea Makri, Greece.[268]
Cold War: CIA
- When CBD 1510 transferred to CBD 1504 it was designated for function similar to Acorns: Aviation and OTA.[269] The Navy's use of "OTA" denotes the assignment to the CIA in that Other Transaction Authority (OTA) is the term commonly used to refer to the (10 U.S.C. 2371b) authority of the Department of Defense (DoD) to carry out certain prototype, research and production projects."[270]
- In 2007, the Naval Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) authorized funding forty Naval Intelligence billets in the NCF.[271] The goal was to have organic NCF Intelligence personnel. Historically the training officer would become the intelligence officer when a CB deployed.
- CIA redacted memorandum dated 14 June 1968 discusses the use on Naval Construction Personal/Seabees on a project.[272]
Iraq Afghanistan
- Presidential Unit Citation USN/USMC : 30th NCR, NMCBs 4, 5, 74, 133, Air-Det 22nd NCR, Air-Det UCT 2, NCF Support Unit 2 in support of the First Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF Engineer Group) in November 2003 added later upon review were: NMCBs 7, 15 as well as Air-Det NMCB 21, Air-Det NMCB 25, and CBMU 303 Det.[273] (per: CMC MARADMIN 507/03)[274]
- In 2015, ACB 1 moved the Orion (spacecraft) Boilerplate (spaceflight) test article for NASA at San Diego, CA.
Seabee insignia
- World War II Naval Construction Battalion Logos[275]
- CBs sponsored many B-29s on Tinian tagging the aircraft with Seabee unit insignia as nose art.[276][277][278]
Naval Support Unit
- In 1977, the U.S. Embassy in Moscow suffered a severe fire prompting the construction of a new one in 1979. At the construction site of the new embassy twenty to thirty Seabees were assigned to oversee 800 plus Russian construction workers.buggingthe new embassy only reinforced the State Department's need for the Seabees.
SEABEE Barge Carriers
- Unusual Hull Design Requirements of the SEABEE Barge Carriers.[280]
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General sources
- "Seabee History: Between the Second World War and the Korean War". Naval History and Heritage Command. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Further reading
- A Brief History of USOM Support to the Office of Accelerated Rural Development, prepared by USOM Office of Field Operations, James W. Dawson, Assistant Program Officer, Sept, 1969
- COM-ICE-PAC, reports CBD 1058, Lt. Harry F. Corbin, ChC, CBD 1058, 1956
- Exploration of the Petroleum Reserve No. 4 and Adjacent Areas, Northern Alaska 1944–53, Part 1, History of the Exploration, Cmdr. John C. Reed CEC, Geological Survey Professional Paper 301, U.S. GPO, Washington, DC, 1958, pp. 21–46
- History of the SEABEES, Command Historian, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1996
- Gropman, Alan (1997). The Big 'L' : American logistics in World War II. Diane Publishing. p. 244. ISBN 9781428981355.
- Kubic, Charles R.; Rife, James P. (2009). Bridges to Baghdad: The US Navy Seabees in the Iraq War. Thomas Publications.
- Nichols, Gina (2007). The Seabees at Gulfport. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing.
- Hettema, Arthur D. "My Experience With U.D.T. at Luzon and Iwo Jima".
- MILPERSMAN 1306–919, Naval Support Unit State Dept. Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- NAVPERS 15,790 (REV 1953), Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, Dept of the Navy, Unit Awards, Part II,
- NAVEDTRA-14234A, USN BMR for Seabee Combat Handbook 14234A. USN BMR online Archived 30 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Peleliu 1944, Jim Moran Gordon L Rottman, Osprey Publishing, 2012, "Black Shore party"
- Tektite and the Birth of the Underwater Construction Teams by Dr. Frank A. Blazich Jr., Historian, U.S. Navy Seabee Museum Archived 31 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- Test Wells, Umiat Area Alaska, Florence I. Rucker Collins, Exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 and Adjacent Areas, Northern Alaska, 1944–53, Part 5, Subsurface Geology And Engineering Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 305-B, U. S. Dept. of the Navy, Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves, U.S. GPO, Washington, DC: 1958
- Capt. A. N. Olsen (CEC), The King Bee, Trafford Publishing, 2007
- Thesis: USAWC Strategy Research Project, The effectiveness of the Seabee in Employing New Concepts During Operation Iraqi Freedom, Cmdr. Marshall Sykes USN, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 2005.
- Thesis: U.S. Navy Seabees as a Stability Asset, Aaron W. Park, 2009, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA Archived 2 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- Thesis: "Navy Seabees: Versatile Instruments of Power Projection", Master of Military Studies: Lt Cmdr. Wernher C. Heyres, CEC, USN, 2013, USMC Command & Staff College, Marine Corps University, Quantico, VA Archived 28 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Tregaskis, Richard (1972). Southeast Asia: Building the Bases. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.
- United States Navy Construction Battalions, Seabees in Action, Seabee Teams, published by: Dept. of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1967, Washington, DC
- "All gave some, some gave all: 17th Special CB, Bob Sohrt/Full Memoirs, Featured WWII Memoirs/Stories" (click: branch of service: Marines) Witness to War website, p. 4 of 11
External links
- Camille and the Seabees (1971)
- Official website
- Report_EuropeanOperations Seabees Report: European Operations (1945)
- Seabees. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Yards and Docks (c. 1944)
- Seabee Divers Archived 12 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Seabee History, Naval History & Heritage Command
- Seabee & CEC Historical Foundation
- Seabees in the Antarctic: Base Construction
- Seabee Online: official online magazine of the Seabees
- Seabee Unit Histories and Cruisebooks at the Seabee Museum
- The Marston Mat and Seabee
- The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
- U.S. Navy Seabee Museum Online Reading Room
- U.S. Navy Divers Training Center Archived 22 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine