Television in Argentina
Part of a series on the |
Culture of Argentina |
---|
Society |
|
Topics |
Symbols |
Argentina portal |
Television is one of the major mass media of Argentina. As of 2019, household ownership of television sets in the country is 99%, with the majority of households usually having two sets.[1] Cable television has become the most used type of delivering, with 73.2% of households having a cable provider.[2]
Argentine television broadcasting officially began on October 17, 1951, with the inaugural of the state-owned Canal 7 (now Televisión Pública). It remains as the network with the biggest national coverage, while private broadcasting networks have a big number of affiliates in different cities through all the country.[1] Argentina also became the fourth most important country in terms of export of television formats, only surpassed by the United States, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.[3]
Argentina's
History
Beginnings (1945–1959)
The first license for a television network in Argentina was given to Martín Tow in 1945, but only experimental.[5] Argentina's first television broadcast occurred on October 17, 1951, with the inaugural of then state-owned Canal 7, developed by Radio Belgrano executive Jaime Yankelevich. The broadcast began with a transmission of the last public act of Eva Perón alongside Juan Perón on the Loyalty Day at 14:20 p.m.[6][7][8]
The first Argentine production was the
On November 25, 1957, the
Expansion (1960–1973)
Since 1960, Argentine television began to expand. On April 18, 1960, Canal 12 (now El Doce) from Córdoba started broadcasting, becoming the second network to launch.[13] During the same year, on June 9, Canal 9 launched on Buenos Aires under the Compañía Argentina de Televisión S.A. or Ca-de-te (Argentine Company of Television), linked to the Argentine film studio Emelco and with financial support from NBC.[14] On October 1, 1960, Canal 13 began broadcasting under the company Río de la Plata S.A. TV, founded by Cuban businessman Goar Mestre and the American network CBS.[15] One year later, on July 21, 1961, Teleonce launched from Buenos Aires, known as Difusión Contemporánea S.A. company (Contemporary Broadcasting S.A.), or DiCon for a short period of time before adopting the Teleonce name.[16] The last national broadcast network to launch was TeveDos from La Plata, on June 25, 1966.[17]
Despite the fact that the legislation did not allow foreign companies to participate in the television business in any case, the three private networks in Buenos Aires in the beginning had a relationship with the
The arrival of private television in the 1960s also meant the arrival of notable technical advances such as the Ampex machine that allowed recording on reels of tape without cuts, as well as an advertising offensive that scrapped the static plates and where the stations themselves commercialized their airtime through their commercial managers. The relative political and economic stability generated an explosive increase in the number of devices, specialized magazines such as Antena, Canal TV and TV Guía, while other magazines for shows such as Radiolandia began to focus on the media and the audience measurements (ratings) that showed the programs preferred by the audiences:
Other shows like Ayer, the first Argentine
At the same time, networks outside of Buenos Aires began to incorporate the recording machines, broadcasting the programming of Buenos Aires on a delayed basis. The poor quality of the signal beyond 60 kilometers from the transmitting antennas led to the creation of network affiliate stations, in addition to the creation of the first closed circuits in various locations, giving birth to cable television.
Government intervention (1974–1983)
Previously, in 1968, the government expressed that network licenses should be renewed every 15 years, but on October 8, 1973, the licenses expired and were not renewed, so Canal 9, Teleonce, and Canal 13 were in an irregular situation.
Popular shows during the 1970s included variety shows Música en Libertad, Alta Tensión and Grandes Valores del Tango, sketch comedies like La Tuerca, Hiperhumor and El Chupete, competition shows Si lo Sabe Cante and Yo Me Quiero Casar, ¿y Usted? and telenovelas Rolando Rivas, Taxista, Pobre Diabla, Dos a Quererse and Piel Naranja, in which several actors and actresses like Arnaldo André, Claudio García Satur, Claudio Levrino, María de los Ángeles Medrano, Arturo Puig, Soledad Silveyra and Beatriz Taibo became famous.
After the
Since Argentina was selected to host the 1978 FIFA World Cup, preparations to launch television in color began, by adopting the PAL system. This led to the change of name of Canal 7 to Argentina Televisora Color (Argentine Color Television), abbreviated as ATC on May 3, 1979. Later, the official inauguration of color transmissions was successfully held on May 1, 1980.[26][27]
Return as private networks (1984–1999)
Licensing for commercial networks started after the return of democracy to Argentina. Alejandro Romay returned to own Canal 9 on May 25, 1984, and Canal 2 was given to José Irusta Cornet, whom associated with Héctor Ricardo García between 1987 and 1988. As for Canal Once and Canal 13, their licenses were declared void as there were no interested companies, and therefore, they continued under the government's administration during the government of
During the 1980s, sketch comedy shows as No Toca Botón, Calabromas, Hiperhumor, Mesa de Noticias, Las Mil y Una de Sapag, Operación Ja-Ja and Las Gatitas y Ratones de Porcel, variety shows as Badía y Compañía, La Noche del Domingo, Finalísima del Humor, Seis para Triunfar, Atrévase a Soñar and Hola Susana, young-adult-oriented telenovela Clave de Sol, and American series The A-Team, Diff'rent Strokes and Knight Rider, were among the most remarkable.[30]
Since 1989, the use of satellite television was authorized. This formed one of the main offers of cable television, which began its development.[31][32]
Famous shows during the 1990s included telenovelas Vulnerables and Poliladron, sitcom
On September 25, 1998, Canal 13 became the first network to carry out experimental high-definition digital television broadcasts,[36] after adopting ATSC standards in a government resolution.[37]
Present era (2000–present)
Starting the 2000s, television saw the arrival of various
During the 2000s shows like Showmatch, La Noche del 10, No Hay 2 sin 3, Duro de Domar, Resistiré, Big Brother, Star Academy, Rebelde Way, Son Amores, Floricienta, Sin Código and Casi Ángeles were considered as the hits of the decade.[41]
In April 2006, the Secretary of Communications issued the Resolution 4/2006, by which a commission for the study and analysis of
In 2009, the government created the program
Most watched shows in the 2010s include variety shows
Owned by
Television channels and networks
In Argentina, television is available via
Elevated programming tiers commonly start with an expanded basic package, offering a selection of subscription channels intended for wide distribution. Since the upspring of digital cable and satellite television during the mid- and late 1990s, additional channels with more limited distribution are offered as add-ons to the basic packages through separate tiers, which are commonly organized based on the programming format of the channels sold in the tier. A la carte subscription services in Argentina are primarily limited to pay television (more commonly known as "premium") channels that are offered as add-ons to any programming package that a customer of a multichannel video programming distributor (also known as a cable or satellite "system" or "provider") can subscribe to for an additional monthly fee.
Broadcast television
Argentina has a "decentralized", market-oriented television system, particularly in regard to broadcast television. The country has a national public television service (
Major broadcast networks
Network | Launch date | Type | Owner | Operator |
---|---|---|---|---|
Televisión Pública | October 17, 1951 | Public | Government of Argentina | Radio y Televisión Argentina S.E. |
El Nueve | June 9, 1960 | Private | Grupo Octubre | Telearte S.A. |
El Trece | October 1, 1960 | Private | Clarín Group | Arte Radiotelevisivo Argentino S.A. |
Telefe | July 21, 1961 | Private | Paramount Global | Televisión Federal S.A. |
América |
June 25, 1966 | Private | Grupo América & Claudio Belocopitt | América TV S.A. |
Net TV | October 1, 2018 | Private | Perfil | Kuarzo Entertainment Argentina |
Bravo TV | March 14, 2022 | Private | Perfil & Grupo Olmos | Estrellas Satelital S.A. |
Over-the-air commercial television networks
The following are the television networks with a presence throughout the national territory, via the "Televisión Digital Abierta" (Open Digital Television in English).
Channel | Network | Launch date | Type | Owner | Operator | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22.1 | Encuentro | March 5, 2007 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Educational television |
22.2 | Pakapaka | September 17, 2010 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Children's programming |
22.3 | Aunar | October 17, 2022 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Public television |
22.4 | Cine.AR | December 28, 2010 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Argentinian movies |
22.5 | Tec | September 12, 2011 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Educational television |
23.1 | Televisión Pública | October 17, 1951 | Public | Government of Argentina | Radio y Televisión Argentina S.E. | Public television |
23.2 | Construir TV | March 21, 2011 | Private | Fundación UOCRA | Fundación UOCRA | Construction/Lifestyle |
24.1 | DeporTV | February 21, 2013 | Public | Government of Argentina | Contenidos Públicos S.E. | Sports |
24.2 | Canal 26 | March 4, 1996 | Private | Telecentro | Grupo Pierri | News programming |
24.3 | France 24 | December 6, 2006 | Public | Government of France | France Médias Monde | News programming |
24.4 | Crónica Televisión | January 3, 1994 | Private | Grupo Olmos | Estrellas Satelital S.A. | News programming |
24.5 | Información Periodística | October 17, 2020 | Private | Grupo Octubre | Telearte S.A. | News programming |
25.1 | Unife | November 25, 2019 | Private | Universal Church | Universal Church | Religious |
25.2 | C5N | August 6, 2007 | Private | Grupo Indalo | Grupo Indalo | News programming |
25.3 | La Nación + | November 7, 2016 | Private | La Nación | La Nación | News programming |
25.4 | Telesur | July 24, 2005 | Public | Governments of Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua | SiBCI | News programming |
25.5 | RT en Español | December 28, 2009 | Public | Government of Russia | TV-Novosti | News programming |
Cable and satellite television
In the late 1950s, broadcast television coverage did not reach most of the cities of the country. That is why a group of entrepreneurs decided to let households from all the provinces have access to television, which was a privilege of Buenos Aires and a handful of cities across the country.
The first milestone of cable television was in November 1963, when a closed-circuit television service was developed in the neighborhood of Villa Cabrera in Córdoba that had a range of 4 kilometers. This was followed by the project Sonovisión in Salta, which between 1963 and 1965 reached to 700 subscribers. These initiatives were replicated quickly, through closed-circuits and community antennas. It is estimated that, by 1966, there were already about 30 systems running, and most of them were assembled with technology national manufacture; and, by 1970, there were already 31 cities with cable television systems.
Later, after almost a decade of commitment to the development of the sector, closed-circuits and community antennas got the recognition of the government through the "National Telecommunications Law", sanctioned in 1972.[57]
In the 1980s, cable television system reached 1,000 operators, with an estimated number of 300,000 subscribers in Buenos Aires and 2 million subscribers across the country.[58]
During the 1990s, satellite television began operating across the country with the arrival of companies such as
In 2007, the government authorised the merging of the two biggest cable television companies in the country:
Cable television has become the most used type of delivering, with 73.2 percent of households having a cable provider. Meanwhile satellite television only reaches 10.2 percent of households across the country.[2]
Switch to digital television
Argentina have been adopting the Japanese standard
By August 27, 2009, the government officially announced that the Japanese standard was adopted, along with
In November 2008, cable operator
As of December 2013, digital television has reached 80 percent of Argentina.[63] Argentina was expected to end all analogue broadcasts in 2019,[64] but later the date was delayed to August 31, 2021.[65]
Audience
The first national organization specialized in collecting information on popular tastes in television was the Audience Verifying Institute (Instituto Verificador de Audiencias in Spanish), a non-profit entity formed by networks, advertisers and advertising agencies. However, the first measurement made as a systematic service was carried out by the IPSA company —owned by the American company Nielsen Media Research—, which in the 1970s began to count viewers with the paper "viewer diaries" system.
In 1972, Mercados y Tendencias was in charge of measuring the audience only in Buenos Aires. It was made with the same system until the early 1980s, when the "home meter" was introduced. It was an electronic device that monitored only the tuning of television. As it did not allow data to be entered regarding the composition of the audience —such as age or sex—, it was necessary to complete the information by writing it down on paper. At that time, Buenos Aires was the eighth city in the world to mechanize its measurement. However, this system was deficient. For this reason, this system gave late results.[66]
In 1993,
Audience is measured in nine regions of Argentina, in the Greater Buenos Aires, Greater Rosario, Greater Córdoba, Greater Mendoza, Mar del Plata, San Miguel de Tucumán, Santa Fe and Paraná, Bahía Blanca, and the Alto Valle in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. To estimate the audience of a day, it is divided into three time ranges: "First afternoon" (which covers from 12 to 4 p.m.), "second afternoon" (from 4 to 8 p.m.) and the "prime time" (from 8 p.m. to 12 a.m.).[56]
Since 2015, a new competitor appeared on stage as an audience measurer. SMAD (Sistema de Medición de Audiencia Digital in Spanish), reaches a number of households bigger than that of Kantar IBOPE, and does so through a system that in which the data is loaded into the system, without weighting or validation, and in the analysis it allows discriminating high-definition signals among other things.[70]
Since January 16, 2017, Kantar IBOPE began measuring the Twitter audience for free-to-air television programs broadcasting in Argentina (excluding sport events). Measuring data come from the impressions (number of times tweets related to a program were seen during its broadcast), accounts (number of different Twitter accounts that made at least one comment on a certain show during its broadcast), and the tweets (total number of tweets related to a certain show during its broadcast). At the same time, only tweets sent from the first to the last minute of the broadcast of the show are considered.[38][39]
Kantar IBOPE also began measuring the audience index of all television shows that are watched live and/or delayed up to seven days after their broadcast (also known as Live+7) on all possible platforms, including televisions,
Top-rated networks and programs in Argentina
The table below lists television networks and shows in Argentina with the highest average audience rating for each television season since 1985.
Season | Top-rated network | Top-rated program | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Network | HH rating |
Show | Network | HH rating | |
1985 | Canal 9 | 12.5 | — | — | — |
1986 | 11.9 | — | — | — | |
1987 | 15.1 | — | — | — | |
1988 | 12.5 | — | — | — | |
1989 | 14.3 | — | — | — | |
1990 | Telefe | 16.2 | — | — | — |
1991 | 15.1 | — | — | — | |
1992 | 14.0 | — | — | — | |
1993 | 13.2 | — | — | — | |
1994 | 11.5 | — | — | — | |
1995 | 12.2 | — | — | — | |
1996 | 11.6 | — | — | — | |
1997 | 13.5 | — | — | — | |
1998 | 12.5 | — | — | — | |
1999 | 13.5 | — | — | — | |
2000 | 12.7 | — | — | — | |
2001 | 13.0 | Videomatch | Telefe | 25.4[72] | |
2002 | 11.2[73] | Videomatch | Telefe | 25.3[72] | |
2003 | 12.5 | Son Amores |
Canal 13 | 30.9[74] | |
2004 | 15.0 | Los Roldán | Telefe | 33.1[75] | |
2005 | 14.3[76] | Showmatch | Canal 9 | 23.6[76] | |
2006 | 14.4[77] | Showmatch | El Trece | 25.5[77] | |
2007 | 13.0[78] | Showmatch | El Trece | 26.6[40] | |
2008 | 11.4[79] | Showmatch | El Trece | 25.7[79] | |
2009 | 11.6[80] | Valientes | El Trece | 27.1[81] | |
2010 | El Trece | 10.1[82] | Showmatch | El Trece | 29.9[83] |
2011 | 10.5[84] | Showmatch | El Trece | 27.4[40] | |
2012 | Telefe | 11.2[85] | Graduados | Telefe | 23.6[49] |
2013 | 8.6[86] | Solamente Vos |
El Trece | 12.8[50] | |
2014 | 8.9[87] | Showmatch | El Trece | 20.6[40] | |
2015 | 8.4[88] | Showmatch | El Trece | 20.6[40] | |
2016 | 8.9[89] | Moisés y los 10 Mandamientos | Telefe | 17.3[90] | |
2017 | 8.0[91] | Showmatch | El Trece | 17.8[91] | |
2018 | 7.7[92] | La Voz Argentina | Telefe | 16.9[51] | |
2019 | 7.7[93] | Showmatch | El Trece | 14.0[94] | |
2020 | 8.0[95] | MasterChef Celebrity (Sunday) | Telefe | 17.1[96] | |
2021 | 9.0[97] | La Voz Argentina | Telefe | 20.2[97] | |
2022 | 8.6[98] | Gran Hermano | Telefe | 19.4[99] | |
2023 | 8.2[100] | Gran Hermano | Telefe | 20.4[101] |
See also
References
- ^ a b Marino, Santiago (November 24, 2019). "La televisión todavía mueve sus fichas". Letra P (in Spanish). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Encuesta Nacional de Consumos Culturales - TV, películas y series" (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (Argentina). Archived from the original on June 13, 2020.
- ^ "Argentina, cuarto exportador de formatos de TV del mundo". Perfil (in Spanish). December 12, 2009. Archived from the original on June 13, 2020.
- ^ Wolman, Ariel (November 17, 2017). "La TV paga en Argentina y Latinoamérica: cuánta gente la ve y qué porcentaje lo hace de manera ilegal". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
En Puerto Rico, por ejemplo, ya no hay abonados analógicos, sino que todos tienen el servicio digital. ¿Cómo son los porcentajes en la Argentina? 50% y 50%
- ^ Anales de Legislación Argentina, Tomo V (in Spanish). 1945.
- ^ "A 60 años del nacimiento de la TV argentina". La Nación (in Spanish). October 17, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ "El último discurso de Eva Perón, que inauguró la Televisión Argentina". El Destape (in Spanish). July 26, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ "La TV argentina también perdió la memoria. Pantalla chica, olvido grande". La Nación (in Spanish). June 21, 1998. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ Balmaceda, Daniel (July 25, 2012). "El primer noticiero". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 28, 2012.
- ^ Zancada, Ana María (April 20, 2012). "Ella, Doña Petrona, la insuperable". El Litoral (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 27, 2015.
- ^ Chab, Norberto (March 22, 2018). "Fernando Heredia: actor de carácter y galán a la hora del té". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 13, 2020.
- ^ "Decreto Ley 15.460/57" (in Spanish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ "El Doce Blog". El Doce Blog (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 18, 2011.
- ^ University of La Plata. Archived from the original(PDF) on June 12, 2013.
- ^ "50 años eligiéndonos". El Trece (in Spanish). October 1, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ Curubeto, Diego (July 23, 2001). "Hace 40 años salía al aire "Canal 11", con los jesuitas". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 28, 2020.
- ^ a b "Los canales de la década del 60". El Día (in Spanish). October 17, 2011. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
- ^ "Flashback. ¿Se acuerdan del Club del Clan?". La Nación (in Spanish). March 11, 2005. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020.
- ^ a b "'60 La tele es una gran familia". Clarín (in Spanish). October 16, 2011. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020.
- ^ "En la TV argentina, los clásicos no pasan de moda". Clarín (in Spanish). April 16, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ "Legislación y Avisos Oficiales - Decreto Ley 1761/1973" (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina. October 16, 1973. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ^ "Legislación y Avisos Oficiales - Decreto Ley 919/1974" (in Spanish). Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina. October 16, 1973. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ^ "Aquel intento de modificar la realidad eliminando programas de televisión". Clarín (in Spanish). September 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017.
- Página/12 (in Spanish). Archived from the originalon May 25, 2009.
- ^ Bona, Cecilia (March 8, 2017). "10 programas y artistas censurados de la TV argentina". Malditos Nerds (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 13, 2020.
- ^ "La televisión a color cumple 35 años". Diario Popular (in Spanish). May 1, 2015. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020.
- Televisión Pública Argentina (in Spanish). August 8, 2016. Archived from the originalon August 17, 2016.
- ^ D'Espósito, Leonardo M. (October 17, 2011). "Sesenta años de la TV argentina: del vivo y directo a la vida en directo". Diario BAE (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 19, 2011.
- ^ Califano, Bernadette (November 2010). "NOTICIAS SOBRE MEDIOS: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN PERIODÍSTICA DEL DIARIO CLARÍN DE LA PRIVATIZACIÓN DE LOS CANALES DE TELEVISIÓN EN 1989" (PDF). Razón y Palabra (in Spanish).
- ^ Cabarcos, Diego (May 1, 2015). "DEL COLOR AL MENEMISMO". Código Retro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 1, 2016.
- ^ "Ley Nº 23727/1989" (in Spanish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Sosa, Leonardo Gabriel. "DE LOS MODELOS PRECEDENTES DE LA TDT HACIA EL APAGÓN ANALÓGICO Y MIGRACIÓN A LAS PANTALLAS DIGITALES" (PDF) (in Spanish). National University of Córdoba. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Seoane, Pablo (June 24, 2015). "Las 5 mejores ficciones argentinas de los 90". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 26, 2020.
- ^ "La explosión de la TV argentina en los 90" [The explosion of Argentine TV in the 90s]. El Milenio (in Spanish). November 11, 2016. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020.
- ^ Lago, Mariano (July 30, 2014). "15 Cosas que extrañamos de la TV Argentina de los 90" [15 Things we miss from Argentine TV in the 90s]. BuzzFeed (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 16, 2020.
- ^ "HDTV: Televisión de Alta Definición" (in Spanish). Canal 13. February 24, 2001. Archived from the original on February 24, 2001.
- ^ a b "Resolución 2357/98" (in Spanish). Government of Argentina. October 22, 1998. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017.
- ^ a b "El rating llegó a Twitter: ¿cuáles fueron los programas de TV con mayor participación?". Infobae (in Spanish). January 27, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ a b "Televisión: nueva forma de medir el rating". Puntal (in Spanish). May 21, 2019. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Vuelve "ShowMatch": cómo fueron año por año los ratings de los debuts". Radio Formosa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "13 Programas de tele de los 2000 que marcaron una época" [13 shows from the 2000s that marked an era]. TKM (in Spanish). March 29, 2018.
- ^ "Resolución 4/2006" (in Spanish). Government of Argentina. May 5, 2006.
- ^ "Argentina usará para TV digital la norma japonesa que ya eligió Brasil". Diario26 (in Spanish). August 28, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019.
- ^ "Decreto 1148/2009" (PDF) (in Spanish). National Communications Commission. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 6, 2016.
- ^ a b Chávez, Carlos (January 2, 2017). "Alta definición: El primer paso a la Televisión del futuro". Silo (in Spanish).
- ^ a b "El cable en Argentina como actor y dinamizador del mercado de las telecomunicaciones" (PDF) (in Spanish). Clarín Group. April 19, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 28, 2013.
- ^ "Cambios en Fútbol Para Todos: los 'grandes' serán televisados por Canal 13 y Telefé". Infobae (in Spanish). January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Se terminó el Fútbol para Todos: cuánto dinero gastó el Estado en ocho años y lo que habrá que pagar en el próximo torneo". La Nación (in Spanish). June 28, 2017. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020.
- ^ a b "Los números de Graduados". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). December 20, 2012. Archived from the original on December 23, 2012.
- ^ a b "Telefe, con el mayor rating". Clarín (in Spanish). January 3, 2014. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "El ranking de los 10 programas más vistos del 2018: qué puestos ocupan Susana y Tinelli". Primicias Ya (in Spanish). January 1, 2019. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- Página/12 (in Spanish). December 31, 2016. Archived from the originalon January 1, 2017.
- ^ "Pol-ka incorpora el Ultra High Definition para Esperanza Mía". Ciudad Magazine (in Spanish). February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020.
- ^ "¡Así fue el lanzamiento de Net TV!". Net TV (in Spanish). October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020.
- ^ "Presentaron Bravo TV, "el canal de la gente"". Crónica (in Spanish). March 7, 2022. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022.
- ^ a b "Consumo de TV en 9 plazas argentinas" (PDF) (in Spanish). IBOPE Media. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ Marino, Santiago. "Historia de la televisión por cable en Argentina". Revista Fibra (in Spanish). Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ "El Cable, 50 años haciendo futuro" (PDF) (in Spanish). Argentine Association of Cable Television. September 16, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ "Menem inauguró ayer la TV directa vía satélite". Clarín (in Spanish). June 10, 1998. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019.
- ^ "Televisión por cable. El Gobierno autorizó la fusión de Multicanal y CableVisión". La Nación (in Spanish). December 8, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ "Resolución Nº 4/2006" (in Spanish). Government of Argentina. April 27, 2006.
- ^ Cassia, Fernando (December 31, 2006). "Big fat Philips "HDTV Ready" CRT lack HDMI". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Argentina has 80% coverage of digital television". TV y Video. January 14, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
- ^ "Argentina confirms analogue TV switch-off for 2019". Telecom Paper. June 29, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
- ^ Bertrán, Agustín (March 11, 2019). "ARGENTINA POSTERGA EL APAGÓN ANALÓGICO PARA 2021". NexTV News Latin America (in Spanish). Retrieved June 14, 2020.
- ^ Gambier, Marina (January 10, 1999). "RATING Televisión abierta: otro que tire y pegue". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "Estudio de People Meter" (in Spanish). IBOPE Media. November 8, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
- ^ Suárez Díaz, Miriam S. "Comunicación Televisiva. Rating". RRPPnet (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "Kantar anuncia la adquisición del control de IBOPE Media, empresa líder en medición de medios e inversión publicitaria en Latinoamérica". PR Newswire (in Spanish). December 17, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
- ^ De Brito, Ángel (September 25, 2015). "Lo que viene en la guerra por el rating". Ciudad Magazine (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ Rumi, María Julieta (November 1, 2018). "Rating: desde este mes, se contabilizará la audiencia que ve los programas fuera del vivo". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "Tinelli 2002". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 17, 2002.
- ^ "Televisión: Telefé le sacó varios cuerpos de ventaja a Canal 13. El año de la ficción y las estrellas". La Nación (in Spanish). December 27, 2003. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ ""Son Amores" se despidió bien arriba: más de 30 puntos de rating". Clarín (in Spanish). January 9, 2003. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "¿Cuál fue la comedia más vista de Telefe?". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
- ^ a b "Marcelo Tinelli y su exitoso paso por Canal 9 en 2005". El Diario 24 (in Spanish). March 29, 2013. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019.
- ^ a b "La señal Telefé fue la líder del rating en 2006". Perfil (in Spanish). January 2, 2007. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019.
- ^ "Telefe lideró el 2007". Todo por Rating (in Spanish). January 2, 2008. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ a b "Finalmente, Telefe ganó el ráting 2008 por una décima". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). January 2, 2009. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "Telefé ganó el ranking 2009". El Sol (in Spanish). January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "En el año de "Valientes", Telefe ganó el rating". Infobae (in Spanish). January 1, 2010. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "El Trece se quedó con el rating del 2010". La Razón (in Spanish). January 1, 2011. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015.
- ^ "ShowMatch en números". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). December 21, 2010. Archived from the original on December 24, 2010.
- ^ "El Trece lideró el rating del 2011: números finales". Exitoína (in Spanish). January 1, 2012. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ Ufbal, Laura (January 2, 2013). "Telefe ganó el 2012". La Ufbal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 24, 2015.
- ^ "Todos los números del 2013". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). January 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014.
- ^ "Rating: los números finales de los canales en 2014". Ciudad Magazine (in Spanish). January 2, 2015. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015.
- ^ "Con los datos finales, ganó Telefe". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). January 5, 2016. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018.
- ^ Liponetzky, Carolina (January 2, 2017). "Telefé ganó el rating anual por quinto año". Ámbito Financiero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "Las 10 emisiones y los 5 programas más vistos de 2016". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). January 2, 2017. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017.
- ^ a b "Telefe ganó por dos décimas la batalla por el rating, en 2017". La Nación (in Spanish). January 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "El rating del 2018 fue para Telefe". Clarín (in Spanish). January 1, 2019. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
- ^ "De principio a fin, otra vez". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). January 1, 2020. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020.
- ^ "Los 10 programas más vistos de 2019". Televisión.com.ar (in Spanish). December 31, 2019. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020.
- ^ "Telefe ganó el año". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). January 1, 2021. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021.
- ^ "Telefe ganó el rating de diciembre y también del 2020, en la TV abierta: cuáles fueron los números finales del año". Clarín (in Spanish). January 2, 2021. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021.
- ^ a b "Rating: cuál fue el programa más visto del año y qué canal ganó la competencia de 2021". Minuto Uno (in Spanish). January 1, 2022. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022.
- ^ "Telefe ganó el 2022, con números récord". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). December 29, 2022. Archived from the original on December 29, 2022.
- ^ "2022: Los 3 más vistos de cada canal". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). January 2, 2023. Archived from the original on January 3, 2023.
- ^ "Telefe se quedó con el 2023 y rompió récords". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Los 10 programas más vistos de 2023". Television.com.ar (in Spanish). January 1, 2024.
Further reading
- )