Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
Guanarito mammarenavirus | |
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Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Negarnaviricota
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Class: | Ellioviricetes |
Order: | Bunyavirales |
Family: | Arenaviridae |
Genus: | Mammarenavirus |
Species: | Guanarito mammarenavirus
|
Synonyms[1] | |
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Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever | |
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Infectious disease |
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a
Presentation
VHF has many similarities to
Treatment and prevention for the VHF virus are limited and there are currently no licensed vaccines available that can act to prevent the disease.[6] However, once infected, ribavirin, an anti-viral drug given intravenously, is one way to treat VHF.
Virus
Arenaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented RNA viruses with
Host
The short-tailed cane mouse, the main host of GTOV, is native to western Venezuela and resides in large numbers in tall grass, cultivated agricultural fields, human homes, and outbuildings.[8] It is speculated that demographic and ecological changes in the rural areas increased the frequency of contact between humans and infected rodents such that VHF emerged.[8]
History
From September 1989 through December 2006, the State of Portuguesa recorded 618 cases of VHF. Nearly all of the cases were individuals who worked or lived in Guanarito during the time they became infected. The case fatality rate was 23.1%.[8]
Because the virus is contracted by aerosol dissemination, concern arose shortly after the first cases emerged in 1989 due to fear of biological warfare. Potential biological terrorism agents were identified and categorized in 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as part of the Congressional initiative to further response capabilities to biological weapons.[6] Arenaviruses causing hemorrhagic fevers, along with a genus of virus called filoviruses, were categorized in Category A; these are pathogens with the highest potential impact on public health safety.
A notable event in the timeline of this virus' scientific knowledge was the unexplained disappearance of a vial of the virus at the University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston National Laboratory, announced 2013 March 24.[9]
References
- ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Guanarito mammarenavirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- S2CID 22660700.
- PMID 22172205.
- ^ PMID 18268337.
- PMID 9502447.
- ^ a b c Hruby, D.E., Bolken, T.C., & Dai, D. (2011). U.S. Patent No. 7,872,037. Corvallis, OR: Siga Technologies, Inc.
- ^ (May 19, 2011).Special Pathogens Branch. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/disinfo.htm
- ^ PMID 18586298.
- ^ "Virus vial missing from Galveston lab". ETX News. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013.