Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory
Yarralumla Federal division(s) | Canberra | ||||||||||||||
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Yarralumla (
In 1828, Henry Donnison, a Sydney merchant, was granted a lease on the western side of West Ridge part of which is now Western Park. In 1832 he named his property Yarralumla adopted from the name for an area some 35km to the west surrounding the Goodradigbee River. It is thought the area, spelt 'Yarrowlumla', was so named by local Aboriginal people, translated to English as "echo mountain". In 1881, the estate was bought by Frederick Campbell, grandson of
The modern suburb of Yarralumla was
Geography
Yarralumla is located in the central Canberra district of
The streets in Yarralumla are named after Australian
Much of the area of Yarralumla consists of open space or non-residential development, including Weston and Stirling Parks, the Royal Canberra Golf Club, and the grounds of Government House.[2] Many houses are occupied by diplomatic missions.[2] The embassy area of Yarralumla is located towards the eastern end of the suburb next to Stirling Park.[2] It is the hilliest area of Yarralumla. The Parliamentary Triangle is located to its east.[2]
The residential areas of Yarralumla are located in the central and western areas of the suburb. The Yarralumla shops at the corner of Novar and Bentham Streets are in the centre of the western residential area, which has typically flat terrain and streets laid out in a rectangular grid, typically lined by exotic trees. This area has a blend of original weatherboard, monocrete and brick dwellings as well as some recently rebuilt detached houses, dual occupancies and units.[6] Minimbah Court at the corner of Banks and Schlicht Streets is an example of Canberra’s earlier medium-density unit buildings. It was constructed in the 1950s and originally named Solander Court in line with nearby streets named after First Fleet botanists.[6] There is an elongated reserve with a walking and bicycle path running in a southwards direction of the Yarralumla Oval,[2] and to the east of this is the central area of the suburb, where the blocks are larger and the streets are more contoured due to the hilly terrain. There is a mixture of housing types in this region, with some larger two-storey houses, and more expansive gardens. The streets in this part of the suburb are typically lined with native trees.[7]
Yarralumla is located on the Yarralumla Formation which is a
History
European settlement
Like the rest of Canberra, Yarralumla forms part of the traditional lands of the Nymuddy people.
The prominent New South Wales parliamentarian Sir Terence Aubrey Murray (1810–1873) purchased Yarralumla in 1837. He lived there with his wife Mary (née Gibbes, 1817–1858), the second daughter of the Collector of Customs for New South Wales, Colonel John George Nathaniel Gibbes (1787–1873), MLC. Murray settled Yarralumla and part of Winderradeen (near Collector) on his wife in trust so that they would have some property if he became bankrupt.[14] On his wife's death in 1858 Yarralumla passed in trust to her father and her brother Augustus Onslow Manby Gibbes (1828–1897). In May 1859, Augustus' parents came to live with him at Yarralumla homestead.[15]
Augustus Gibbes improved the estate and acquired additional land by purchase and lease. In 1881, he sold Yarralumla for 40,000 pounds to Frederick Campbell, a descendant of
In 1908, the Limestone Plains area, including Yarralumla, was selected as the site for the capital city of the newly established Commonwealth of Australia and in 1913 the
Development
With the construction of Australia's capital city underway, the Yarralumla brickworks were established in 1913 to supply building material. The bricks were used for many of Canberra's buildings, including the provisional Parliament House. The Brickworks tramway, a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) goods railway, was constructed for the transportation of bricks to some of the major building sites in central Canberra. This linked the brickworks to places such as Parliament House, and the Kingston Power House.[8][17]
Construction on the Commonwealth nursery and
In 1917, the designer of Canberra,
In 1922, a workers' tent camp was erected on the eastern side of Stirling Ridge to house the men working on the main intercepting sewer. The following year saw the start of the construction of 62 small, four-room, unlined timber cottages, to be used as housing for the married tradesmen involved in the construction of the provisional Parliament House. Other camps were established at the eastern end of Stirling Park on the hills opposite modern Lotus Bay. The first of these was contractor John Howie's settlement (1922–1930), consisting of 25 timber cottages for his married men and timber barracks (Hostel Camp) for his single men. Two other single men's tent camps were established nearby—Old Tradesmen's Camp (1923–1927) and No 1 Labourers Camp (1924–1927). The men from Howie's worked on the
The Commonwealth and the states agreed in 1911 that Australia needed adequately-trained foresters, although they did not agree to establish a forestry school until 1920. Prime minister
After World War II
The current geographical boundary of Yarralumla was finalised in the early 1960s with the construction of Scrivener Dam, over which Lady Denman Drive passes, allowing for the Molonglo River to be dammed, creating Lake Burley Griffin.[32] Construction began in September 1960 and the dam was locked on 20 September 1963.[33] The lake reached the planned level on 29 April 1964.[34] On 17 October 1964, Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies commemorated the filling of the lake.[34][35] Yarralumla was expanded to include Westlake, which had up until then been part of Acton.[21]
After the
Demographics
The population of the Westridge area on the 1928 electoral roll numbered over 130.[20] At the 2021 census, Yarralumla had a population of 3,120 people.[1] Of these 47.9% were male. The suburb had only 0.9% indigenous Australians, below the national average of 3.2%.[1] The percentage of married people in the suburb was 12 points higher than the national average, and the proportion of residents who had never married was 10 points lower. The higher level of marriage did not translate into a higher level of children; 49.6% of families consisted of a couple without children in the household, compared to the national average of 38.8%. Yarralumla residents had a median age of 50, compared to a Canberra average of 35. The suburb had an older population for a city of young people; the median national age is 38 and 43.5% of Yarralumla residents were 55 or over, compared to the national figure of 29.1%.[1]
Yarralumla is a comparatively wealthy suburb with a 2021 median weekly personal income of $1,591; this compares to the figure of $1,203 for the entire Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and $805 for all of Australia. The public service or defence force employed around 20.8% of the workforce, somewhat less than the ACT average of 22.9%. This compared to 1.8% for Australia as a whole. The higher incomes were derived from the suburb's white-collar base; 68.0% of Yarralumla's workforce was employed as professionals or in managerial posts, compared to 37.7% nationally. In contrast, only 2.9% were engaged in blue-collar occupations, compared with 15.3% for the nation as a whole. The proportion of the population working as tradesmen and technicians was almost four times lower than average across Australia. The proportion of people with a university degree, 57.0%, is higher than the ACT and national averages of 42.9% and 26.3% respectively.[1]
The median monthly housing loan repayments in Yarralumla in 2021 were $3,425, compared to the ACT figure of $2,080 and a federal average of $1,863. At $547, the weekly rent was more than 40% higher than the national average.[1] Yarralumla's median house price was about $1.5m in 2020 versus $1.2m for the inner south and $720,000 for the whole of the ACT.[38][39][40] The rate of home ownership in the suburb was 47.8%—much higher than the national average of 31.0%. 23.0% of the households rented.[1] Accommodation was mostly separate houses (65.1%),[1] although the number of residences in the suburb has been increasing through conversion of blocks to dual occupancy and other medium-density-type developments. Despite this, only 7.5% of residences were apartments or units, slightly more than half of the national average.[1]
The population of Yarralumla in 2021 was predominantly Australian-born, with some 67.8% of its residents being born in Australia. The second most prevalent birthplace was England at 5.1%, followed by India and the United States with 2.2% and 2.1% respectively.
Suburb amenities
The Yarralumla local shopping centre is located on the corner of Bentham and Novar Streets.[2] It contains a supermarket, dry-cleaners, chemist, gift shop, restaurants and speciality shops.
Weston Park is situated on a peninsula near the western end of Lake Burley Griffin.[2] The park includes swimming areas, children's play equipment and wading pools, and a miniature railway, and is a popular barbecue spot on weekends.[2][41] Weston Park forms part of a string of parks that line the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin; other parks include Yarralumla Bay, Lennox Gardens (incorporating a Japanese garden named Canberra Nara Park) and Stirling Park.[2][3] With its waterfront location on Lake Burley Griffin, Yarralumla Bay is the base of the Canberra Rowing Club, ANU Sailing Club, the Australian Institute of Sport Rowing Centre and the YMCA Sailing Club, while the Southern Cross Yacht Club is based at Lotus Bay opposite Lennox Gardens.[42][43] Yarralumla Neighbourhood Oval is adjacent to the suburb's primary school as well as a community hall and some tennis courts.[42]
Yarralumla's only scheduled public transport is provided by ACTION buses. Route 57 from Woden Interchange to City Interchange operates along Novar Street, Schlich Street and Hopetoun Circuit.[44] The business case for the proposed second stage of the Capital Metro light rail system that was released in 2019 included stops at Albert Hall on Commonwealth Avenue on the eastern edge of Yarralumla and at the intersections of Adelaide Avenue with Hopetoun Circuit and with Novar and Kent streets on the southern edge.[45]
Yarralumla is home to three places of worship: St Peter Chanel's on the corner of Weston and Loch Streets, Yarralumla Uniting Church on Denman Street, and the Canberra Mosque on Empire Circuit.[42][43]
Education
Yarralumla's first school, the Catholic St Peter Chanel's Primary School, opened in 1956; it closed in the 1990s.
The
Politics
2022 Federal Election[52] | ||
---|---|---|
Labor | 42.86% | |
Liberal | 31.92% | |
Greens | 15.80% | |
Independent | 5.75% | |
2020 ACT Election[53] | ||
Liberal | 42.0% | |
Labor | 26.5% | |
Greens | 12.3% | |
Independent | 9.4% |
Yarralumla is located within the federal
Notable places
Yarralumla has a large number of landmarks and places of historical interest. The
The Yarralumla brickworks were the first industrial manufacturing facility in the ACT; they were closed temporarily several times due to the
The eastern end of Yarralumla is home to many of the
The
Embassies and High Commissions in Yarralumla[68] | ||||||
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Belgium | Brazil | Canada | China | Egypt | Estonia | Finland |
France | Germany | Greece | India | Indonesia | Ireland | Israel |
Japan | South Korea | Malaysia | Mexico | Myanmar | Netherlands | New Zealand |
Nigeria | Norway | Pakistan | Papua New Guinea | Philippines | Poland | Saudi Arabia |
Singapore | South Africa | Spain | Sri Lanka | Sweden | Thailand | Turkey |
United Kingdom | United States |
See also
References
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Yarralumla". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t UBD 2017, pp. 58–59.
- ^ a b c d UBD 2017, p. 3.
- ^ "Suburb Name search results". ACT Planning & Land Authority. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d Neighbourhood Plan 2004, p. 6.
- ^ a b Neighbourhood Plan 2004, p. 18.
- ^ Neighbourhood Plan 2004, p. 19.
- ^ a b c "Yarralumla Brickworks Entry 2004" (PDF). Environment ACT Heritage Register. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Ngunnawal Country". ACT Government. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b Martin 1978, p. 41.
- ^ a b c Neighbourhood Plan 2004, p. 5.
- ^ "Parish of Yarrolumla". New South Wales. Department of Lands (National Library of Australia). 2004. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 406. New South Wales, Australia. 10 April 1839. p. 415. Retrieved 9 July 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Wilson 1967.
- ^ Pike 1966.
- ^ a b c "Official Residence – Government House". Governor-General's Office. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Yarralumla Brickworks Planning Review" (PDF). ACT Planning and Land Authority (March 2005). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2008.
- ^ "Charles Weston and the Greening of Canberra". National Capital Authority, Dr John Gray. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2008.
- ^ "Yarralumla Nursery Description". National Trust of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 October 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2004.
- ^ a b "1928 Electoral Roll for Westridge". transcribed by Ann Gugler. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
- ^ a b c d Gugler 1997.
- ^ "Stirling Park and Scrivener's Hut". National Capital Authority. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ Heritage tour 2 2007.
- ^ "No Dates For Removing Low-Grade Housing". The Canberra Times. 17 June 1960. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2021 – via Trove.
- ^ "Plan Suggested For Re-housing Of Pensioners". The Canberra Times. 18 June 1960. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2021 – via Trove.
- ^ a b c "Australian Forestry School (former), Banks St, Yarralumla, ACT, Australia". Australian Heritage Database. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2020. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) license Archived 28 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b "Westridge House & Grounds, Banks St, Yarralumla, ACT, Australia". Australian Heritage Database. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2020. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) license Archived 28 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
- ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Acton Campus — Site Inventory: Fenner School of Environment and Society" (PDF). Australian National University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Official Committee Hansard – Consideration of Budget Estimates" (PDF). Australian Senate – Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Legislation Committee (6 June 2002). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 8 November 2005.
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "Scrivener Dam" (PDF). National Capital Authority. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
- ^ Andrews 1990, p. 93.
- ^ a b Sparke, p. 141.
- ^ "Menzies Virtual Museum – 1964". Sir Robert Menzies Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- Australian Capital Territory Department of Territory and Municipal Services. Archived from the originalon 5 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
- ^ Neighbourhood Plan 2004, pp. 18–19.
- ^ "Yarralumla (ACT 2600) Suburb Information". Allhomes. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "ACT Real Estate Market Trends". Allhomes. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Yarralumla". realestate.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ Curry, David (22 March 2009). "Weston Park tourist train's future derailed". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ a b c Neighbourhood Plan 2004, p. 28.
- ^ a b UBD 2017, p. 58.
- ^ "Route 57". Transport Canberra. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ Major Projects Canberra (August 2019). "City to Woden Light Rail: Stage 2A City to Commonwealth Avenue Business Case" (PDF). Transport Canberra. p. 105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ "Yarralumla Primary School webpage". ACT Department of Education. Archived from the original on 13 December 2004. Retrieved 17 November 2004.
- ^ "Yarralumla Campus". Only About Children. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "2021 Priority Enrolment Areas (PEA) for High Schools" (PDF). ACT Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "2021 Priority Enrolment Areas (PEA) for Colleges" (PDF). ACT Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ UBD 2017, p. 69.
- ^ "学校概要" (Archive). Canberra Japanese Supplementary School Inc. Retrieved on 7 April 2015. "借用校 Alfred Deakin High School (Denison St., Deakin, 2600, ACT) ディーキンハイスクール(写真)校舎・2Fにて授業を実施" and "日本大使館領事部:112 Empire Circuit, Yarralumla, ACT 2600, Australia"
- ^ a b "Federal Election 2022 – Yarralumla Polling Place". Australian Electoral Commission. 10 June 2022. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ ACT Electoral Commission. 11 November 2020. Archivedfrom the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ACT Legislative Assembly. Archivedfrom the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ "ACT Heritage Library Image Library: Image: Exterior of the Yarralumla Woolshed". Images.act.gov.au. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ "Doma finally gets the go-ahead on Yarralumla Brickworks site". The Canberra Times. 26 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Canberra". VisaHQ.com, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "The Royal Thai Embassy – Canberra". Canberra.thaiembassy.org. Archived from the original on 1 May 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ "High Commission of India". Hcindia-au.org. Archived from the original on 17 April 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ "PNG High Commission". Pngcanberra.org. Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ "History of the US Embassy". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 December 2005. Retrieved 4 November 2005.
- ^ "French-Australian War Memorial". Embassy of France in Canberra. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ "Hotel Canberra (Hyatt Hotel Canberra), Yarralumla" (PDF). ACT Heritage Register. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "MS 7302 – Records of Hotel Canberra". National Library of Australia (13 November 2003). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2004.
- ^ "Canberra Croquet Clubhouse and Lawns" (PDF). ACT Heritage Register. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ "Heritage (Decision about Registration for an Amendment to the Albert Hall Heritage Precinct, Yarralumla) Notice 2010" (PDF). ACT Heritage Council. 15 September 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Heritage tour 1 2007.
- ^ UBD 2017, pp. 3, 58–59.
Sources
- Andrews, W. C., ed. (1990). Canberra's Engineering Heritage. Institution of Engineers Australia. ISBN 0-85825-496-4.
- Gugler, Ann (1997). Westlake One of the Vanished Suburbs of Canberra. Canberra: Ann Gugler. ISBN 0-646-30075-X.
- Martin, Ged (1978). Episodes of Old Canberra (PDF). Canberra: Australian National University Press. p. 41. ISBN 0-7081-15780. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- Pike, A. F. (1966). "Gibbes, John George (1787–1873)". ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- Wilson, Gwendoline (1967). "Murray, Sir Terence Aubrey (1810–1873)". ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- A heritage tour of Yarralumla: Tour 1 of 2 (PDF) (Report). National Trust of Australia. 2007.
- A heritage tour of Yarralumla: Tour 2 of 2 (PDF) (Report). National Trust of Australia. 2007.
- Yarralumla Neighbourhood Plan: A sustainable future for Yarralumla (PDF) (Report). ACT Planning and Land Authority. September 2004.
- UBD Gregory's 2017 Canberra Compact. Ultimo, New South Wales: Universal Publishers. 2017. ISBN 978-0-7319-3034-0.