10th century in literature

Edit links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Medieval and Renaissance literature
Early medieval
Medieval

By century

European Renaissance
 Literature portal

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 10th century.

Works

Title Author Description Date
Book of Fixed Stars
 Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Treatise on astronomy including a star catalogue and star charts c. 964[1]
The Pillow Book Sei Shōnagon diary / journal / memoire c. 990s-1000s Japan
Kavijanasrayam Malliya Rechana Telugu poetic prosody book c. 900-950
Paphnutius
Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim
 Play c. 935-1002
Vikramarjuna Vijaya Adikavi Pampa Kannada version of the epic Mahabharata c. 939?
Al-Tasrif
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
 Medical encyclopedia Completed in 1000[2]
Josippon Joseph ben Gorion
Siege of Jerusalem
 940[3]
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Brethren of Purity Philosophical-scientific encyclopedia 10th century[4]
Aleppo Codex Shlomo ben Buya'aa Copy of the Bible 920[5]
De Administrando Imperio Constantine VII Political geography of the world c. 950[6]
Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions Associated with Constantine VII Treatises providing information on
Asia Minor
 Based on material compiled in the early 10th century, current form dates to the late 950s[7]
Geoponica Compiled under the patronage of Constantine VII Agricultural manual[8] Compiled in its present form in the 10th century[9]
Þórsdrápa Eilífr Goðrúnarson[10] Skaldic poem with Thor as its protagonist 10th century[11]
Hákonarmál Eyvindr skáldaspillir Poem composed in memory of
Haakon I of Norway
 After 961[12]
"Háleygjatal" Eyvindr skáldaspillir Poem seeking to establish the
Hlaðir dynasty as the social equal of the Hárfagri dynasty[13]
 End of the 10th century[14]
Kitab al-Aghani Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani Collection of songs, biographical information, and information relating to the lives and customs of the early
Muslim Arabs of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates[15]
 10th century[16]
Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Epic poem
 Begun c. 977, finished 1010[17]
Benedictional of St. Æthelwold
 Godeman (a scribe) for Æthelwold of Winchester
benedictions for use at mass at different points of the liturgical year
 Written and illuminated between 963 and 984[18]
Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise Leo VI the Wise Handbook dealing with
military formations
and weapons		 Early 10th century[19]
Exeter Book Given to
Bishop Leofric
 Collection of
Old English poetry, including "The Wife's Lament
"		 Copied c. 975[20]
"Deor" Given to
Bishop Leofric (part of the Exeter Book)[20]
 The only surviving
Old English poem with a fully developed refrain; possibly of a Norse background[21]
 Copied c. 975[20]
"The Rhyming Poem" Given to
Bishop Leofric (part of the Exeter Book)[20]
 Poem in
Anglo-Saxon literature[22]
 Copied c. 975[20]
Extensive Records of the Taiping Era
 Compiled by Li Fang Collection of anecdotes and stories 977–78[23]
Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era
 Compiled by Li Fang Encyclopedia 984[24]
Greek Anthology Originally compiled by Meleager, combined by Constantinus Cephalas with works by Philippus of Thessalonica, Diogenianus, Agathias and others; part of a later revision compiled by Maximus Planudes Collection of Greek epigrams, songs, epitaphs and rhetorical exercises Originally compiled in the 1st century BCE, expanded in the 9th century, revised and augmented in the 10th century, expanded again from a manuscript compiled in 1301[25]
Wamyō Ruijushō (倭名類聚抄) Compiled by Minamoto no Shitagō (源 順) Collection of Japanese terms Mid-930s[26]
Gosen Wakashū (後撰和歌集) Ordered by Emperor Murakami Imperial waka anthology c. 951[27]
Yamato Monogatari (大和物語) Unknown Uta monogatari (narrative fiction with waka poetry) c. 951-956
History of the Prophets and Kings
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
 Universal history Unfinished at the time of Tabari's death in 956[28]
Praecepta Militaria Attributed to Nikephoros II Phokas Military manual 965[29]
Escorial Taktikon Edited by Nikolaos Oikonomides (1972)[30] Precedence list Drawn up between 975 and 979[31]
Bodhi Vamsa
Upatissa of Upatissa Nuwara
 Prose poem describing the bringing of a branch of the
Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka
in the 3rd century		 c. 980[32]
Old History of the Five Dynasties Xue Juzheng Account of China's
Five Dynasties
 974[33]
Chronicon Salernitanum Anonymous[34] Annals 974[35]
Chronicon Æthelweardi
 Æthelweard Latin version of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle After 975 and probably before 983[36]
Gesta Berengarii imperatoris Anonymous[37]
Epic poem
 Early 10th century[38]
Kokin Wakashū (古今和歌集) Compiled by a committee of bureaucrats recognised as superior poets Anthology of Japanese poetry Compiled c. 905[39]
Annales Cambriae Diverse sources Chronicle believed to cover a period beginning 447 c. 970[40]
Waltharius Unknown Frankish monk
Epic poem about the Germanic Heroic Age
 First circulated/published c. 850 to c. 950[41]
Leofric Missal Unknown scribes Service book Core written c. 900, with an addition made c. 980[42]
"Eiríksmál" Unknown Poem composed in memory of Eric Bloodaxe Probably 10th century[12]
Khaboris Codex Unknown Oldest known copy of the New Testament 10th century[43]
Suda Unknown[44] Encyclopedia 10th century[45]
Tractatus coislinianus Unknown Manuscript containing a statement of a Greek theory of comedy 10th century[46]
Beowulf Unknown Epic Believed to have been written between the 7th and 10th centuries[47]
Ishinpō Tanba Yasunori Encyclopedia of
Chinese medicine
 Issued in 982[48]
Hudud al-'alam
 Unknown Concise geography of the world Begun 982–983[49]
Ōjōyōshū Genshin Kanbun Buddhist text 985
Karnataka Kadambari Nagavarma I Romance in champu (mixed prose and verse) Late 10th century
Chhandombudhi Nagavarma I Treatise on prosody in Vijayanagara literature in Kannada c. 990
Completes the first draft of Shahnameh (The Book of Kings) Ferdowsi a long
epic poem, the national epic of Greater Iran
 999[50]
Tomida femina Anonymous Charm, the oldest known complete Occitan poem 10th century
The Battle of Maldon Anonymous Old English heroic poem (earliest manuscript lost 1731) Between the Battle of Maldon in Spring 991 and 1000?[51]
Passio Sancti Eadmundi Abbo of Fleury Hagiographic account of the death of Edmund the Martyr 10th century

Authors

Name Description Dates
Abu Firas al-Hamdani
Arab
poet		 932–968[52]
Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam
 Algebraist c. 850 – c. 930[53]
Ælfric of Eynsham Author of
Aelfric Bata
. Also a Bible translator		 c. 955 – c. 1010[54]
Æthelweard
Anglo-Saxon
historian		 Before 973 – c. 998[55]
Akazome Emon (赤染衛門) Japanese waka poet fl. 976–1041[56]
Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri Philosopher born in modern Iran Died 992[57]
Al-Maʿarri
Arab poet born near Aleppo
, Syria		 973–1057[58]
Al-Masudi
Arab
historian and geographer		 c. 896 – 956[59]
Al-Mutanabbi Arabic poet 915–965[60]
Ibn al-Nadim Author of the Fehrest, an encyclopedia c. 932 – c. 990[61]
Al-Natili
Arabic-language
author in the medical field		 fl. c. 985–90[62]
Alchabitius
 Author of Al-madkhal ilā sināʿat Aḥkām al-nujūm, a treatise on astrology; from Iraq fl. c. 950[63]
Aldred the Scribe Author of the
glosses in the Lindisfarne Gospels
 10th century[64]
Alhazen
 Mathematician, died in Cairo c. 965 – c. 1040[65]
Asser Welsh biographer and bishop, died in Sherborne died 1909[66]
Bal'ami
Samanids and translator of the Ṭabarī into Persian
 Died c. 992–7[67]
Abu-Shakur Balkhi
Persian
writer		 915–960s[68]
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Muslim polymath
 849–934[69]
Rabia Balkhi
Arabic- and Persian-language
poet		 Died 940[70]
Bard Boinne Described in the Annals of the Four Masters as the "chief poet of Ireland" Died 932[71]
Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī
Arab
astronomer		 c. 850 – c. 929[72]
David ben Abraham al-Fasi
Fes
 10th century[73]
Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī
 Scholar and
Samanids and early Ghaznavids
 973 – after 1050[74]
Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī
 Mathematician and astronomer; author of Kitāb fī mā yaḥtaj ilayh al-kuttāb wa'l-ʿummāl min ʾilm al-ḥisāb, an
Persian
descent		 940 – 997 or 998[75]
Cináed ua hArtacáin
dinsenchas
poems		 Died 974[76]
Constantine VII
Byzantine emperor and author of De Administrando Imperio and De Ceremoniis
 905–959[77]
Abu-Mansur Daqiqi
 Poet, probably born in
Ṭūs
 After 932 – c. 976[78]
Shabbethai Donnolo Italian physician and writer on medicine and astrology 913 – after 982[79]
Egill Skallagrímsson
Viking skald
and adventurer		 c. 910 – c. 990[80]
Eilífr Goðrúnarson
Icelandic skald
 c. 1000[81]
Einarr Helgason
Norwegian ruler Haakon Sigurdsson
 fl. late 10th century[82]
Patriarch Eutychius of Alexandria
 Author of a history of the world and treatises on medicine and theology 876–940[83]
Eysteinn Valdason
Icelandic skald
 c. 1000[84]
Eyvindr skáldaspillir
Icelandic skald
 Died c. 990[85]
Al-Farabi
Muslim philosopher
 c. 878 – c. 950[86]
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani Literary scholar and author of an encyclopedic work on Arabic music 897–967[15]
Ferdowsi
Persian poet and author of the Shahnameh, the Persian national epic
 c. 935 – c. 1020–26[87]
Flodoard French historian and
chronicler
 894–966[88]
Frithegod British poet, author of Breviloquium vitae Wilfridi, a version of Stephen of Ripon's Vita Sancti Wilfrithi written in hexameters fl. c. 950 – c. 958[89]
Fujiwara no Asatada (藤原 公任) One of the
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 c. 910 – c. 966[90]
Fujiwara no Kintō (藤原 公任)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 966–1041[91]
Fujiwara no Takamitsu (藤原 高光)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 Died 994[90]
Fujiwara no Tametoki (藤原 為時) Japanese waka and kanshi poet and father of Murasaki Shikibu[92] Late 10th – early 11th century[93]
Fujiwara no Toshiyuki (藤原 敏行) Japanese poet Died c. 901[94]
Kushyar Gilani Iranian astronomer fl. second half of the 10th/early 11th century[95]
Guthormr sindri
Norwegian skald
 10th century[96]
Nathan ben Isaac ha-Babli
 Babylonian historian 10th century[97]
Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld
Icelandic skald[98]
 Died c. 1007[99]
Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani
maqāma
genre		 968–1008[100]
Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī
Arabian
geographer		 Died 945[101]
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
man of letters
 c. 840 – c. 930[102]
Hrotsvitha German dramatist and poet c. 935 – c. 1002[103]
Ibn al-Faqih
Persian
historian and geographer		 Died 903[104]
Ibn al-Jazzar Physician Died 970/980[105]
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya
 Historian of
Visigothic descent[106]
 Died 977[107]
Ibn Duraid
Arabian poet
 837–934[108]
Ibn Hawqal Author of Kitāb al-masālik wa'l-mamālik, a book on geography; born in
Nisibis
 Second half of the 10th century – after 988[109]
Ibn Juljul Author of Tabaqāt al atibbāʾ wa'l-hukamả, a summary of the history of medicine 944 – c. 994[110]
Ibn Khordadbeh Author on subjects including history, genealogy, geography, music, and wines and cookery; of
Persian
descent		 c. 820 – c. 912[111]
Ioane-Zosime
hymnographer
and translator		 10th century[112]
Lady Ise (伊勢) Japanese waka poet,[113] mother of Nakatsukasa[114] c. 877 – c. 940[113]
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon Physician and philosopher, born in Egypt 832–932[115]
Israel the Grammarian European scholar, poet and bishop c. 895–c. 965[116]
Izumi Shikibu (和泉式部) Japanese waka poet Born c. 976[117]
Abraham ben Jacob
Spanish Jewish
geographer		 fl. second half of the 10th century[118]
Jayadeva Indian mathematician Lived before 1073[119]
Al-Karaji Mathematician, lived in Baghdad 953 – c. 1029[120]
Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
 Astronomer and
number theorist from Khurasan
 c. 900 – c. 971[121]
Abu-Mahmud Khojandi
 Astronomer and mathematician born in Khujand c. 945 – 1000[122]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khwarizmi Author of Mafātih al-'ulũm (Keys of the Sciences) fl. c. 975[123]
Ki no Tokibumi Japanese poet, one of the Five Men of the Pear Chamber fl. c. 950[124]
Ki no Tomonori (紀 時文) Japanese waka poet and one of the compilers of the Kokin Wakashū c. 850 – c. 904[125]
Ki no Tsurayuki (紀 貫之) Japanese waka poet, critic and diarist; one of the compilers of the Kokin Wakashū c. 872 – c. 945[126]
Kishi Joō
(徽子女王)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 929–985[127]
Kiyohara no Motosuke (清原 元輔)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals, and father of Sei Shōnagon[128]
 908–990[124][128]
Leo the Deacon
Byzantine
historian		 Born c. 950[129]
Liutprand of Cremona Italian historian and author c. 922 – 972[130]
Luo Yin (羅隱) Japanese poet 833–909[131]
'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi Author of Kāmil al-Ṣinā'ah al-Tibbiyyah, a compendium; born near Shiraz First quarter of the 10th century – 994[132]
Abu Nasr Mansur Astronomer, born in
Gīlān
 c. 950 – c. 1036[133]
Mansur Al-Hallaj
Arabic-speaking mystic and author of the Ṭawāsin, a collection of 11 reflective essays; born near Beyza
 857–922[134]
Ebn Meskavayh
Persian
writer on topics including history, theology, philosophy and medicine		 Died 1030[135]
Symeon the Metaphrast Principal compiler of the legends of saints in the
Menologia of the Greek Orthodox Church
 Second half of the 10th century[136]
Mibu no Tadamine
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 fl. 898–920[90]
Michitsuna no Haha
( 藤原道綱母)		 Author of Kagerō nikki (The Gossamer Years) Died 995[138]
Minamoto no Kintada (源 公忠)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 889–948[90]
Minamoto no Muneyuki (源 宗于) Japanese poet[139] Died 939[140]
Minamoto no Saneakira (源 信明) Japanese poet 916–970[141]
Minamoto no Shigeyuki (源 重之) Japanese poet Died c. 1000[142]
Minamoto no Shitagō (源 順)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals[90]
 911–983[90][124]
Vācaspati Miśra
 Indian polymath 900–980[143]
Muhammad bin Hani al Andalusi al Azdi
 Poet born in Seville[144] Died 973[145]
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
 Writer on theology, literature and history, born in Tabriz 839–923[146]
Al-Muqaddasi
Arabian traveller and author of a Description of the Lands of Islam, an Arabic geography[147]
 c. 946–7 – 1000[148]
Abdullah ibn al-Mu'tazz
 Writer and, for one day,
caliph of the Abbasid dynasty
 Died 908[149]
Nagavarma I Author of the Chandōmbudhi, the first treatise on Kannada metrics Late 10th century[150]
Nakatsukasa (中務) One of the
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals, daughter of Lady Ise
 c. 912 – after 989[114]
Al-Nayrizi Astronomer and meteorologist probably from Neyriz c. 865 – c. 922[151]
Jacob ben Nissim Philosopher, lived in Kairouan 10th century[152]
Nōin (能因) Japanese poet 988–1050?[153]
Notker Labeo German theologian,
philologist
, mathematician, astronomer, connoisseur of music, and poet		 c. 950 – 1022[154]
Odo of Cluny Author of a biography of
epic poem and 12 choral antiphons
 878/9–942[155]
Óengus mac Óengusa Described in the Annals of the Four Masters as the "chief poet of Ireland" Died 930[156]
Ōnakatomi no Yorimoto (大中臣 頼基)
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 Died 958[90]
Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu (大中臣 能宣) Japanese poet, one of the Five Men of the Pear Chamber 922–991[124]
Ono no Komachi (小野 小町) Japanese poet 834–900[157]
Ōshikōchi no Mitsune (凡河内 躬恒) Japanese waka poet fl. 898–922[158]
Adikavi Pampa Kannada-language poet 902–945[159]
Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
 Astronomer and mathematician from Tabaristan c. 940 – c. 1000[160]
Qusta ibn Luqa Scholar of Greek Christian origin whose work included astronomy, mathematics, medicine and philosophy Probably c. 820 – probably c. 912–913[161]
Ratherius Author of works including a criticism of the social classes of his time and two defences of his right to the
Diocese of Liège
 c. 887 – 974[162]
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
 Physician, scientist, philosopher and author of alchemy and logic; born in
Rey, Iran
 865–925[163]
Regino of Prüm
liturgical singing, born in Altrip
 Died 915[164]
Richerus
Chronicler from Reims
 Died after 998[165]
Ahmad ibn Rustah
Persian author of a geographical compendium
 Died after 903[166]
Al-Saghani
 Mathematician and astronomer who flourished in Turkmenistan Died 990[167]
Ibn Sahl Geometer fl. late 10th century[168]
Sakanoue no Mochiki Japanese poet, one of the Five Men of the Pear Chamber fl. c. 950[124]
Sei Shōnagon (清少納言) Japanese diarist and poet c. 966 – c. 1025[169]
Abu Sulayman Sijistani Philosopher from
Sijistan
 c. 932 – c. 1000[170]
Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
Islamic philosopher
 fl. 971[171]
Sijzi
 Geometer, astrologer and astronomer, born in
Sijistan
 c. 945 – c. 1020[172]
Ibrahim ibn Sinan Geometer from Baghdad 908–946[173]
Farrukhi Sistani Court poet of Mahmud of Ghazni 10th–11th centuries[174]
Somadeva Suri
Jain monk and author of the Upāsakādyayana, a central text of Digambara
śrāvakācāra literature		 10th century[175]
Sosei (素性) One of the
Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
 859–923[90]
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Astronomer in Iran 903–986[176]
Sugawara no Michizane (菅原 道真/菅原 道眞) Japanese statesman, historian and poet 845–903[177]
Symeon the Studite "Spiritual father" of Symeon the New Theologian[178] and author of the "Ascetical Discourse", a narrative intended for monks[179] 917 or 924[180] – c. 986–7[181]
Ukhtanes of Sebastia
Chronicler of the history of Armenia
 c. 935 – 1000[182]
Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi Mathematician, possibly from Damascus c. 920 – c. 980[183]
Vaṭeśvara
Indian mathematician
 Born 802 or 880[184]
Wang Yucheng (王禹偁) Chinese Song dynasty poet and official 954–1001
Widukind of Corvey
Saxon
historian		 Died c. 1004[185]
Xue Juzheng (薛居正) Author of the
Five Dynasties
 912–981[33]
Ibn Yunus Egyptian astronomer and astrologer 950–1009[186]
Ahmad ibn Yusuf Egyptian mathematician fl. c. 900–905, died 912/913[187]
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
 Physician and author of Al-Tasrif, from Al-Andalus 936–1013[188]

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 978-1441981608
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  2. ISBN 978-0761479291
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  3. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  4. ISBN 0415969301
    . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  5. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (6 November 2007). "Fragment of ancient parchment from Bible given to Jerusalem scholars". Haaretz. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  6. ^ Waugh, Daniel C. "Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio". University of Washington. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  7. ISBN 978-0415440103
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  8. ISBN 3161484606
    . Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  9. ISBN 9004101748
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  10. ISBN 978-8763525794
    . Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  11. ISBN 978-1847252470
    . Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  12. ^
    ISBN 918911681X
    . Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  13. ISBN 978-9004205062
    . Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  14. ISBN 978-9004205062
    . Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  15. ^ a b "Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  16. ISBN 0700704116
    . Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  17. ^ Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (1999). "Ferdowsi, Abu'l-Qāsem i. Life". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IX. pp. 514–523. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  18. ^ "Full description". British Library. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  19. ^ "Tactics". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. p. 1. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  20. ^
    ISBN 978-1615302307
    . Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  21. ISBN 0773522417
    . Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  22. ISBN 8126904453
    . Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  23. ISBN 978-0824830458
    . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  24. ISBN 978-9004201507
    .
  25. ^ "Greek Anthology". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  26. ISBN 978-0824830977
    . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  27. ^ Frédéric 2002, p. 120.
  28. ISBN 8125026576
    . Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  29. ISBN 0884022706
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012. praecepta militaria 965.
  30. ^ Nesbitt, John; McGeer, Eric (2000). Talbot, Alice-Mary (ed.). "Nicolas Oikonomides" (PDF). Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 54. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks: ix. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  31. ISBN 9004120971
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  32. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bodhi Vamsa" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 109.
  33. ^
    ISBN 0824829131
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  34. ISBN 085045042X
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  35. ^ Van der Essen, Léon (1907). "Ecclesiastical Annals" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  36. ^ Miller, Sean (2001). "Æthelweard". In Lapidge, Michael (ed.). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England.
  37. ISBN 0812213424
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  38. ISBN 0415939313
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  39. ISBN 0804712468
    . Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  40. ^ "Annales Cambriae". Britannia.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  41. ^ Magennis, Hugh (30 April 2003). "Anonymous: Waltharius". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  42. ^ "Oxford, Bodleian, Bodley 579 (2675)". University of Leicester. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  43. ^ Easton, Roger L Jr. "Research Highlights". Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  44. ISBN 0313308136
    . Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  45. ISBN 0883855461
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  46. ^ "Tractatus Coislinianus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  47. ^ Schogol, Marc (14 March 2000). "10th-century Staple An Overnight Hit New Translation Creates A 'Beowulf' Boom. Puzzled Professors Are Rejoicing". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  48. ^ "Ishinpō". World Digital Library. 26 July 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  49. Encyclopaedia Iranica
    . Vol. XII. pp. 417–418. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  50. ^ 999 Ferdowsi completing the first draft of the Šāh-nāma. iranicaonline.org
  51. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2
    .
  52. ^ Miquel, André. "Abu Firas Al-Hamdani (932–968)". Encyclopædia Universalis. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  53. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  54. ^ Thurston, Herbert (1907). "Aelfric, Abbot of Eynsham" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  55. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Æthelweard" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 291–292.
  56. ^ Miner et al. 1988, p. 141.
  57. ^ Gaskill, Tom (1998). "al-'Amiri, Abu'l Hasan Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 992)". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  58. ^ "al-Maʿarrī". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  59. ^ "al-Masʿūdī". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  60. ^ Nick, Martin (September–October 2003). "Al Mutanabbi: The Greatest Arabic Poet". AlShindagah (54). Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  61. ^ Sellheim, Rudolf; Zakeri, Mohsen; de Blois, François; Sundermann, Werner (15 December 1999). "Fehrest". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IX. pp. 475–483. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  62. ISBN 9231036548
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  63. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  64. ^ Thompson, Edward Maunde (1885). "Aldred the Glossator (10th cent.)". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  65. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  66. ^ Patrick Wormald, "Asser (d. 909)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004) Retrieved 2 June 2016
  67. ^ Khaleghi-Motlagh, Dj. (15 December 1989). "Amīrak Balʿamī". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 971–972. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  68. ISBN 8120815963
    . Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  69. Watt, W. M. (15 December 1983). "Abū Zayd Balḵī". Encyclopædia Iranica
    . Vol. I. pp. 399–400. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  70. ISBN 0313330891
    . Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  71. ^ Anonymous 1856, p. 627–9.
  72. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Albategnius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 491.
  73. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  74. ^ "Bīrūnī, Abū Rayḥān". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IV. 15 December 1989. p. 274. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  75. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  76. ISBN 978-1598849646
    . Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  77. ^ "Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  78. ^ Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (15 December 1993). "Daqīqī, Abū Manṣūr Aḥmad". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VI. pp. 661–662. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  79. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  80. ^ Von Nolcken, Christina (2001). "Egil Skallagrimsson and the Viking Ideal". University of Chicago Library. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  81. ^ "Eilífr Goðrúnarson (Eil)". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  82. ISBN 978-1843842798
    . Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  83. ^ Fortescue, Adrian (1909). "Eutychius, Melchite Patriarch of Alexandria" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  84. ^ "Eysteinn Valdason (EVald)". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  85. ^ "Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson (Eyv)". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  86. ^ "al-Fārābī". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  87. ^ Boyle, John Andrew (2012). "Ferdowsī". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  88. ^ Remy, Arthur Frank Joseph (1909). "Flodoard" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6.
  89. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10190
    . Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  90. ^ a b c d e f g h Frédéric 2002, p. 818.
  91. ISBN 978-9004174610
    . Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  92. ISBN 0791075842
    . Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  93. ^ Cranston 2006, p. 1140.
  94. ISBN 978-9004219311
    . Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  95. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  96. ^ "Guthormr sindri (Gsind)". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  97. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  98. ^ "Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson (Hfr)". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  99. ^ Fyrsteskjalde, C. "Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson". In Jónsson, Finnur (ed.). Den oldnorske og oldislandske litteraturs historie. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gads Forlag. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  100. ^ Malti-Douglas, F. (15 December 1988). "Badīʿ-al-Zamān Hamadānī". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III. pp. 377–379. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  101. ^ Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). "Hamdānī" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 875–876.
  102. ^ Hacikyan et al. 2002, p. 229.
  103. ISBN 0313311471
    . Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  104. ISBN 0816072299
    . Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  105. S2CID 72385358
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  106. ISBN 0812215699
    . Retrieved 6 September 2012. Ibn al-Qūṭiyya.
  107. JSTOR 600444
    .
  108. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ibn Duraid" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 220.
  109. ISBN 0792340663
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  110. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  111. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  112. ^ Koberidze, Givi (2007). "Ioane-Zosime". Dictionary of Georgian National Biography. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  113. ^ a b McAuley, Thomas (2001). "Ise". 2001 Waka for Japan 2001. University of Sheffield. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  114. ^
    ISBN 0313254869
    . Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  115. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  116. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1
    .
  117. ^ "Izumi Shikibu". 2001 Waka for Japan 2001. University of Sheffield. 2001. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  118. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  119. ISBN 0792340663
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  120. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  121. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  122. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  123. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  124. ^
    ISBN 978-0804748636
    . Retrieved 26 September 2012.
  125. ^ McAuley, Thomas (2001). "Ki no Tomonori". 2001 Waka for Japan 2001. University of Sheffield. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  126. ^ McAuley, Thomas (2001). "Ki no Tsurayuki". 2001 Waka for Japan 2001. University of Sheffield. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  127. ^ "Portrait of the poetess, Saigu no Nyogo Yoshiko". Smithsonian Institution. 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  128. ^ a b Frédéric 2002, p. 532.
  129. ^ Fortescue, Adrian (1910). "Leo Diaconus" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9.
  130. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Liudprand" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 800.
  131. ISBN 0700715258
    . Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  132. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  133. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_680
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  134. ^ Mojaddedi, Jawid (15 December 2003). "Ḥallāj, Abu'l-Moḡiṯ Ḥosayn". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XI. pp. 589–592. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  135. ^ Bosworth, C. Edmund (2002). "Meskavayh, Abu ʿAli Aḥmad". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  136. ^ Fortescue, Adrian (1911). "Symeon Metaphrastes" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10.
  137. ^ McAuley, Thomas (2001). "Mibu no Tadamine". 2001 Waka for Japan 2001. University of Sheffield. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  138. ISBN 0804727228
    . Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  139. ^ Frédéric 2002, p. 364.
  140. ^ Cranston 2006, p. 1144.
  141. ISBN 0804701717
    . Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  142. ^ Cranston 2006, p. 1046.
  143. doi:10.1111/b.9780631229674.2001.00177.x
    . Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  144. ^ Daftary 2007, p. 159.
  145. ^ Daftary 2007, p. 161.
  146. ISBN 0415354676
    . Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  147. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Muḳaddasi" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 958.
  148. ISBN 0415966906
    . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  149. ISBN 3447051825
    . Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  150. ISBN 0520245008
    . Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  151. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews. Archived from the original
    on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  152. Jewish Encyclopedia
    . 1906. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  153. ISBN 184545152X
    . Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  154. ^ Kampers, Franz; Löffler, Klemens (1911). "Notker" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  155. ^ Löffler, Klemens (1911). "St. Odo" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  156. ^ Anonymous 1856, p. 625–7.
  157. ISBN 0870992732
    . Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  158. ^ Miner et al. 1988, p. 215.
  159. ISSN 0021-4043. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  160. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews
    . Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  161. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0
    . Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  162. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911). "Ratherius of Verona" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  163. ^ Richter-Bernburg, Lutz (15 December 2003). "Ḥāwi, Al-". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. pp. 64–67. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  164. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911). "Regino of Prüm" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12.
  165. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Richerus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 305.
  166. ^ Bosworth, C. Edmund (15 December 1997). "Ebn Rosta, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII. pp. 49–50. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  167. ISBN 978-0387310220
    . Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  168. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_689
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  169. ^ "Sei Shōnagon". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  170. ^ Atiyeh, George N. (1998). "al-Sijistani, Abu Sulayman Muhammad (c.932-c.1000)". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  171. ^ Walker, Paul E. (14 October 2004). "Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani (fl. 971)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  172. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1279
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  173. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews
    . Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  174. ISBN 978-0313374623
    . Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  175. ISBN 0521365058
    . Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  176. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1346
    . Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  177. ^ Frédéric 2002, p. 908.
  178. ^ Alfeyev 2000, p. 19.
  179. ^ Alfeyev 2000, p. 102.
  180. ^ Alfeyev 2000, p. 20.
  181. ^ Alfeyev 2000, p. 27.
  182. ^ Hacikyan et al. 2002, p. 250.
  183. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. University of St Andrews
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  184. ISBN 978-0691120676
    .
  185. ^ Holland, Arthur William (1911). "Widukind" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 620–621.
  186. ^ O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 1999). "Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus". MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. University of St Andrews. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  187. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  188. ISBN 1404205101
    . Retrieved 8 September 2012.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_century_in_literature&oldid=1214243570"