Consecration and entrustment to Mary
The consecration and entrustment to the Virgin Mary is a personal or collective act of
Consecration to the Virgin Mary by Catholics has taken place from three perspectives: personal, societal and regional, and under a number of different titles: the
Pope
History and development
The beginnings of the notion of "belonging to Mary" can be seen in the writings of
The notion that consecration to Mary is linked with consecration to
In the 8th century,
The act of consecration of cities and regions dates back at least to the 9th century, when
Although previous saints had discussed the notion of consecration, it was only in 11th century France that
The 17th century also saw the adoption of the custom of consecrating the month of May to the Blessed Virgin.[10] During the 18th and 19th centuries the traditions of Marian consecration grew and by 1860 First Communion in France included an act of consecration to the Virgin Mary.[11] By this time Marian consecrations had spread beyond continental Europe and in England Frederick Faber had composed a hymn of consecration to the Virgin Mary which included a petition to her motherly role.[12]
Since the 19th century, devotions and consecrations to the
Personal consecration
Theologian
The theology of personal consecration to Mary was further explained by Pope
Louis de Montfort's Total Consecration to Jesus through Mary
The practice of consecration to Jesus through Mary was further promoted in the 18th century following the rediscovery of the writings of the 17th century priest Louis de Montfort.
Montfort's concept of consecration was influenced by Henri Boudon's book Dieu seul: le Saint esclavage de l'admirable Mère de Dieu (Only God, the Holy Slavery of the admirable Mother of God). By reading Boudon, Montfort concluded that any consecration is ultimately made to "God Alone", for only God merits the loving servitude of man. Later, "God Alone" became the motto of Montfort. Montfort's approach followed Boudon very closely, but differed on one element: while Boudon's consecration was founded on the Queenship of Mary, Montfort approach was based on the divine maternity.[18][19]
Pope
The Immaculate Heart of Mary
Another driving force for devotions and consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary appeared in the 1917 messages of
On 13 May 1967, the 50th anniversary of Our Lady of Fatima, Pope
The Immaculata
In 1854 Pope Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus. This greatly helped the spread of devotions and consecrations to the Immaculata.[29][30]
In the early part of the 20th century, Maximilian Kolbe began his efforts to promote consecration to the Immaculata, partly relying on the 1858 messages of Our Lady of Lourdes. He argued that since Mary is Immaculate, by her very nature she is the perfect instrument of the Holy Spirit in the mediation of all graces, given that "every grace is a gift of the Father through his Son by the Holy Spirit".[31][32]
Kolbe founded the monastery of
Societal consecration
For many centuries, the
Over the centuries, a number of
On Sunday, 8 October 2000, upon the completion of the ceremonies for the Jubilee of the Bishops, Pope
On 12 May 2010 at the Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Fátima, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the beatification of
Consecration of locations and regions
The consecration of cities and regions to the Virgin Mary dates back at least to the 9th century, and during the feuding
In the 1917 purported apparitions of
On 31 October 1942, Pius XII made a solemn act of consecration of the Catholic Church and the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, joined by the bishops of Portugal, gathered at the Cathedral in Lisbon.
According to author Edward Sri, given the emphasis Pius XII had placed on the
On 13 May 1982 in Fatima Portugal, Pope John Paul II again consecrated the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and said: "Consecrating the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary means drawing near, through the mother's intercession, to the very fountain of life that sprang from Golgotha. This fountain pours forth unceasingly redemption and grace. In it reparation is made continually for the sins of the world. It is a ceaseless source of new life and holiness".[53]
On 25 March 1984, Pope John Paul II again performed the solemn consecration of the world to the
Pope Pius XII's two consecrations were made in October 1942 and July 1952 and those of John Paul II in May 1982 and March 1984.
On 28 June 2003 John Paul II entrusted Europe to the Virgin Mary, and renewed that entrustment again on 31 August 2003.[58][59]
During the ongoing conflict, on 25 March 2022
Canada
Early Jesuit missionaries consecrated their missions to Mary Immaculate. In 2017, the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops suggested local ordinaries consecrate their respective dioceses to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on 1 July (or another date "that might better suit the local pastoral situation") to mark the 150th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation.[61] Those taking part included:
- Archdiocese of Ottawa (1 July 2017, Abp. Terrence Thomas Prendergast)
- Bishop Gary Michael Gordon) of Victoria
- Archbishop Martin William Currie of Saint John's
- Archbishop Richard William Smith of Edmonton
- Bishop William Terrence McGrattan of Calgary
- Cardinal Thomas Christopher Collins) of Toronto
- Archbishop John Michael Miller of Vancouver
- Diocesan Administrator Kevin McGee of the Diocese of Saskatoon[62]
- Cardinal Gérald Cyprien Lacroix of Québec (2 July 2017)
- Bishop Luc-André Bouchard of Trois-Rivières (15 August 2017)
- Bishop André Gazaille of Nicolet (8 December 2017)
All the bishops of Canada participated jointly in the consecration of the country to the Blessed Mother during the CCCB Plenary Assembly on 6 September 2017. On 1 May 2020, members of the CCCB consecrated Canada to Mary, under the title Mother of the Church.[63] Bishops were invited to participate in a 1 May 2020 re-consecration of their dioceses. Among those participating was Bishop Mark Hagemoen of Saskatoon.[62]
England and Wales
The title of "Mary's Dowry" as applied to England dates back to Edward the Confessor, and was formally proclaimed in 1399 by Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel. Eight years before, during the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, the fourteen-year-old King Richard II of England had entrusted his kingdom to the Virgin Mary in a ceremony at Westminster Abbey. The bishops of England consecrated the country to Mary in 1893. The re-dedication of England as the "Dowry of Mary" took place 29 March 2020 at the shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham.[64][65]
Latin America and Caribbean and the Americas
"In 1945, at the urging of bishops from the U.S. and Canada, Ven. Pius XII bestowed on her the title Empress of the Americas."[66] On Easter Sunday 2020, CELAM, the Latin American and Caribbean bishops’ conference, consecrated Latin America and the Caribbean to Our Lady of Guadalupe "asking her for health and an end to the pandemic."[67][63]
United States
In 1792,
Like the Canadian bishops, on 1 May 2020, Archbishop José Horacio Gómez, president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, led a "Renewal of the Consecration of the United States of America to the Blessed Virgin Mary" under the title "Mary, Mother of the Church"[70] at Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral in Los Angeles. That same day, a rite of consecration was similarly held by Archbishop Gregory at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington.[71][72]
Archbishop Gomez also sent a letter to the U.S. bishops inviting them to join in the consecration. Among those joining in the consecration to Mary, Mother of the Church was Bishop Glen Provost of the Diocese of Lake Charles,[73] and Bishop Lawrence T. Persicoof the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erie.[74]
On 6 May 2018, Bishop Gregory Parkes of the Diocese of Saint Petersburg renewed a dedication of the diocese to the Immaculate Heart of Mary previously done by Bishop Thomas Larkin on Friday, 13 May 1983 "in response to a request from the Holy Father, John Paul II."[75]
Separately, Pope Pius XII gave the title "Empress of the Americas" to the apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe on October 12, 1945, which naturally includes the United States of America.[76] [77] Pope Pius XII both in Spanish as well as in English clearly stated that she is Empress of the Americas, (for reference please read further) not just for Latin Americans or for any particular nation but for all people in the South and North American continents.
Consecration of Russia and Our Lady of Fatima
Pope Pius XII, Paul VI, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Francis have consecrated Russia to the Immaculate Heart.
Consecration of the Holy Land and the Middle East
During the
Dioceses consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
Holy See
- Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter (15 October 2017, Bp. Steven J. Lopes)
North-America
United States
- Archdiocese of Atlanta, Francis Edward Hyland 1956; Wilton Daniel Gregory, 12 December 2007.[79]
- James Vann Johnston)
- Diocese of Winona, Minnesota (8 September 2011, Bp. John M. Quinn)
- Archdiocese of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (13 October 2013, Abp. Paul S. Coakley)
- Alexander K. Sample)
- Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend, Indiana (15 August 2014, Bp. Kevin C. Rhoades)
- Diocese of Albany, New York (4 April 2016, Bp. Edward B. Scharfenberger)
- Archdiocese of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (7 October 2016, Abp. Jerome E. Listecki)
- Diocese of Madison, Wisconsin (7 October 2016, Bp. Robert Morlino)
- Diocese of La Crosse, Wisconsin (7 October 2016, Bp. William P. Callahan)
- Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (7 October 2016, Bp. James P. Powers)
- Allen H. Vigneron)
- Diocese of Paterson, New Jersey (13 May 2017, Bp. Arthur J. Serratelli)
- Diocese of Fargo, North Dakota (13-14 May 2017, Bp. John T. Folda)
- Diocese of San Angelo, Texas (27 September 2017, Bp. Michael J. Sis)
- Diocese of Jackson, Mississippi (8 October 2017, Bp. Joseph Kopacz)
- Archdiocese of Louisville, Kentucky (8 October 2017, Abp. Joseph E. Kurtz)
- Archdiocese of Denver, Colorado (13 October 2017, Abp. Samuel J. Aquila)
- Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota (13 October 2017, Abp. Bernard Hebda)
- Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (15 October 2017, Abp. Charles J. Chaput)
- Diocese of Colorado Springs, Colorado (15 October 2017, Bp. Michael J. Sheridan)
- Diocese of Santa Rosa, California (8-12 December 2017, Bp. Robert Vasa)
- Diocese of Austin, Texas (10 December 2017, Bp. Joe S. Vásquez)
- Diocese of Venice, Florida (24 December 2017, Bp. Frank Joseph Dewane)
- Diocese of Kalamazoo, Michigan (8 December 2018, Bp. Paul J. Bradley)
- Diocese of Wilmington, Delaware (19 August 2019, Bp. William Francis Malooly)
- Diocese of Buffalo, New York (2 February 2020, Apostolic Administrator Edward B. Scharfenberger)
- Oscar A. Solis)
- Diocese of Evansville, Indiana (12 September 2020 - Bp. Joseph M. Siegel)[80]
- Archdiocese of New Orleans, Louisiana (27 March 2022 - Bp. Gregory Michael Aymond)
Canada
- Archdiocese of Montréal (23 November 2013, Abp. Christian Lépine)
Mexico
- Archdiocese of Monterrey (23 November 2013, Abp. Rogelio Cabrera López)
- Archdiocese of Mexico City (12 December 2014, Card. Juan Sandoval Íñiguez)
Europe
Poland
- All the 42 Polish dioceses (9 September 2017, Abp. Stanisław Gądecki together with all the bishops of Poland)
Netherlands
- All the Dutch dioceses (13 May 2017, Card. Willem J. Eijk together with all the bishops of the Netherlands)
Italy
- Diocese of Chioggia, Veneto (10 October 1954, Bp. Giovanni Battista Piasentini)
- Diocese of Reggio Emilia-Guastalla, Emilia-Romagna(13 May 2017, Bp. Massimo Camisasca)
- Diocese of Pavia, Lombardy (13 May 2017, Bp. Corrado Sanguineti)
- Diocese of Carpi, Emilia-Romagna (16 September 2017, Bp. Francesco Cavina)
- Diocese of Ischia, Campania (13 October 2017, Bp. Pietro Lagnese)
- Diocese of Cesena-Sarsina, Emilia-Romagna (8 December 2017, Bp. Douglas Regattieri)
- Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia, Campania (8 December 2017, Bp. Sergio Melillo)
- Diocese of San Miniato, Tuscany (12 May 2017, Bp. Andrea Migliavacca)
- Archdiocese of Siracusa, Sicily (1 September 2018, Abp. Salvatore Pappalardo)
- Archdiocese of Vercelli, Piedmont (13 October 2018, Abp. Marco Arnolfo)
- Archdiocese of Potenza, Basilicata (30 ottobre 2018, Abp. Salvatore Ligorio)
France
- Diocese of Fréjus-Toulon (18 May 2008, Bp. Dominique Rey)
- Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron (8 June 2014, Bp. Marc Aillet)
- Diocese of Angoulême (7 May 2017, Bp. Hervé Gosselin)
- Archdiocese of Bordeaux (13 May 2017, Card. Jean-Pierre Ricard)
- Archdiocese of Avignon (8 December 2017, Abp. Jean-Pierre Cattenoz)
- Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles (8 December 2017, Abp. Christophe Dufour)
- Diocese of Vannes (8 December 2017, Bp. Raymond Centène)
- Diocese of Perpignan-Elne (8 December 2017, Bp. Norbert Turini)
- Diocese of Tulle (30 September 2018, Bp. Francis Bestion)
- Diocese of Nevers (8 September 2018, Bp. Thierry Brac de la Perrière)
- Diocese of Séez (13 May 2018, Bp. Jacques Habert)
Spain
- Diocese of Alcalá de Henares (12 June 2010, Bp. Juan Antonio Reig Plá)
- Diocese of Cuenca (8 December 2015, Bp. José María Yanguas Sanz)
- Archdiocese of Valladolid (10 June 2017, Abp. Luis Javier Argüello García)
- Diocese of San Sebastián (14 May 2017, Bp. José Ignacio Munilla)
- Archdiocese of Valencia (28 June 2018, Card. Antonio Cañizares Llovera)
- Diocese of Getafe (7 December 2018, Bp. Ginés Ramón García Beltrán)
Germany
- Archdiocese of Freiburg (15 August 2017, Abp. Stephan Burger)
Austria
- Diocese of Linz (8 December 2015, Bp. Ludwig Schwarz)
England
- Diocese of Shrewsbury (13 October 2013, Bp. Mark Davies)
Scotland
- Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (20 October 2017, Abp. Leo Cushley)
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell (20 May 2017) Consecration performed by Bishop Joseph Toal at the Cathedral of Our Lady of Good Aid, Motherwell.
Finland
- Diocese of Helsinki(8 December 2005, Bp. Józef Wróbel)
South-America
Venezuela
- Archdiocese of Maracaibo (13 October 2017, Abp. Ubaldo Ramón Santana Sequera)
- Diocese of Machiques (8 December 2017, Bp. Ramiro Díaz)
Colombia
- Archdiocese of Barranquilla (9 June 2018, Abp. Pablo Emiro Salas Anteliz)
Uruguay
- Archdiocese of Montevideo (8 October 2017, Card. Daniel Sturla)
Brazil
- Diocese of São Luiz de Cáceres (22 May 2016, Bp. Antônio Emídio Vilar)
Argentina
- Archdiocese of Rosario (1 August 2019, Bp. Eduardo Eliseo Martín)
Oceania
Australia
- Archdiocese of Hobart, Tasmania (13 May 2017, Abp. Julian Porteous)
New Zealand
- John Atcherley Dew)
Samoa
- Archdiocese of Samoa-Apia (7 December 2007, Abp. Alapati Lui Mataeliga)
Asia
Philippines
- All the 89 Filipino dioceses (4 May 2018, Card. Romulo Valles together with all the bishops of Philippines)
India
- Archdiocese of Bombay (13 May 2017, Card. Oswald Gracias)
- Archdiocese of Goa and Daman (13 May 2017, Abp. Filipe Neri Ferrão)
Africa
Angola
- Diocese of Uíje (23 April 2017, Bp. Emílio Sumbelelo)
Prayers of consecration
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A number of different prayers may be used as part of the consecration to the Virgin Mary. The "Act of Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary" appears in the official Raccolta book of indulgenced prayers.[81]
The prayer originally composed by Louis de Montfort is as follows:[82]
Today, I, a faithless sinner, renew in your hands my Baptismal vows; I renounce Satan forever, his pomps and works; and I give myself entirely to Jesus Christ, the Incarnate Wisdom, and will carry my cross after Him all the days of my life, and will be more faithful to Him than I have ever been. With the entire heavenly court as my witness, I choose you this day for my Mother. I deliver and consecrate myself to you, my body and soul, myself, both interior and exterior, and the worth of my good actions, past, present and future; leaving to you the total right of disposing of me, and all that belongs to me, according to your wish, for the greater glory of God in time and in eternity.
The prayer used by Pope John Paul II as his act of entrustment of all Bishops to Mary was considerably longer. It began with John 19:26 and included the entrustment as follows: "Here we stand before you to entrust to your maternal care ourselves, the Church, the entire world. Plead for us with your beloved Son that he may give us in abundance the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of truth which is the fountain of life."[39][83]
See also
- Catholic devotions
- Marian devotions
- Mother of God (Roman Catholic)
- Act of Consecration to the Sacred Heart of Jesus
- The Consecration to St. Joseph created by Father Donald Calloway
References
- ISBN 0-7546-3603-8page 307-308
- ^ a b "Consecration and Entrustment to Mary", § 204, Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy, Vatican
- ^ Schulte, Augustin Joseph. "Consecration." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 9 Aug. 2014
- ^ ISBN 0-8146-3030-8p. 51
- ISBN 1-4022-0806-5p. 325
- ISBN 0-85244-429-Xp. 79
- ^ ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4pp. 725-737
- ^ ISBN 0-521-84639-0p. 139
- ISBN 1-4415-1051-6pages 76-78
- ^ a b Thurston, Herbert. "Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 9 Aug. 2014
- ISBN 0-7546-5741-8p. 22
- ISBN 0-554-65914-Xp. 33
- ISBN 0-89870-019-1p. 383
- ISBN 0-86012-404-5page 22
- ^ Pope John Paul II, Redemptoris Mater
- ^ "St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort". New Advent. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0
- ^ Boudon, Henri-Marie. Dieu seul: le Saint esclavage de l'admirable Mère de Dieu, Paris 1674
- ISBN 0-910984-55-7p. xvi
- ISBN 1-59471-028-7p. 30
- ^ Pope John Paul II Reveals Virgin Mary Role in His Life Zenit News, 15 October 2000
- ISBN 1-4067-3409-8page 24
- ^ Goyau, Georges. "Paris." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 9 Aug. 2014
- ^ Bainvel, Jean. "Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 Aug. 2014
- ISBN 0-85342-815-8page 38
- ISBN 0-87973-464-7page 211
- ^ Signum Magnum, 13 May 1967, Vatican
- ^ The Alliance of the Two Hearts and Consecration by Msgr Arthur B. Calkins in Miles Immaculatæ XXXI (July–December 1995) pages 389-407. [1]
- ISBN 0-8042-0526-4page 442-446
- ^ Most, William G., "Mary's Immaculate Conception", Our Lady in Doctrine and Devotion, 1994
- ISBN 0-89870-969-5page 261
- ISBN 0-8160-5455-Xpages 409-410
- ^ "Militia of the Immaculata", Zenit, 15 June 2006 Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-87973-910-Xpage 365
- ISBN 978-0-615-16635-3page 238
- ^ "The Servites – the National Sanctuary of Our Sorrowful Mother, the Grotto | Portland, Oregon".
- ISBN 0-8028-4680-7page 124
- ^ Pope Pius XII, Bis Saeculari Die, 27 September 1948, Vatican
- ^ a b "Jubilee Entrustment to Mary by Pope John Paul II 2000," All About Mary, International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton.
- ^ Act of Entrustment to Mary, 8 October 2000 at the Vatican website
- ^ 2010 Consecration of priests at the Vatican website
- ^ Vatican website: Benedict XVI 13 May 2010 Homily Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-85244-313-7page 69
- ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4pages 879-889
- ISBN 0-9635345-0-5page 97
- ISBN 1-4067-3409-8pages 96-103
- ^ A pilgrim's handbook to Fatima by Leo Madigan 2001 ISBN page 145
- ^ Pope Pius XII, Sacro Vergente Anno, 7 July 1952, Vatican
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 44, 1952, page 505
- ISBN 1-931018-24-3page 13
- ISBN 1-4067-3409-8page 105
- ^ Gabriele Roschini, Compenddium Mariologiae, Rome, 1946, page 512
- ^ ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4page 746-750
- ISBN 0-14-024725-4page 357
- ISBN 0-9635345-0-5page 106
- ISBN 1-4067-3409-8page 96
- ISBN 1-113-14521-8page 291
- ^ Pope John Paul II, Ecclesia in Europa, 28 June 2003, Vatican
- ^ Vatican website: Angelus 31 August 2003
- ^ "Pope invites bishops to join him in consecration of Russia and Ukraine - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ "Catholic Bishops of Canada invited to consecrate Canada to the Blessed Virgin Mary", CCCB, 28 April 2017
- ^ a b Yaworski, Kiply Lukan. "Canada and USA to be consecrated to ‘Mary, Mother of the Church’ with special prayers May 1, in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic", Catholic Saskatoon News, 23 April 2020
- ^ a b "Consecration to Mary, Mother of the Church in time of pandemic, Friday 1 May 2020", CCCB, 28 April 2020
- ^ "England to be Re-Dedicated as ‘Dowry of Mary’ Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic", Vatican News, 28 March 2020
- ^ "Britons rededicate England to the Blessed Virgin Mary", CNA, 30 March 2020
- ^ Farrow, Mary. "Our Lady of Guadalupe: Empress of the Americas", 1/16/20
- ^ Agren, David. "CELAM calls for act of consecration to Our Lady of Guadalupe on Easter", 2 April 2020
- ISBN 9789004222625
- ^ "Bishops of U.S., Canada will consecrate their nations to Mary May 1", Catholic News Service, 28 April 2020
- ^ "Bishops will 'consecrate' the US and Canada to Mary. Here's what that means", Catholic News Agency, 30 April 2020
- ^ Pattison, Mark. "Bishops around country consecrate U.S. to Mary amid COVID-19 pandemic", Crux, 2 May 2020
- ^ "Mary, Mother of Our Church - Consecration", USCCB
- ^ "Diocese Consecrated to Mary, Mother of the Church", Diocese of Lake Charles, 28 April 2020
- ^ Wankel, Joellen. "Families encouraged to participate in Friday’s renewal of Consecration to Mary", The Bradford Era, 30 April 2020
- ^ "Diocese of St. Petersburg Will Be Consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on May 6", Diocese of Saint Petersburg, 2 February 2018
- ^ "Empress of the Americas October 12, 1945
- ^ Empress of the Americas a priest Father Johann Roten, S.M.answered question on when Pope Pius XII declared on the radio as empress of the America's]
- ^ "Act of Consecration of the Holy Land to the Immaculate Heart of Mary". Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ "Consecration To Mary’s Immaculate Heart Renewed", Georgia Bulletin, December 20, 2007
- ^ "Consecration". Evansville Catholic Diocese. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ISBN 0-9706526-6-6 page 390 [2]
- ISBN 978-1-882972-06-7, pages 158
- ^ Vatican website: John Paul II Entrustment of Bishops in 2000
Sources
- Joseph Jaja, 2005, The Mystical Experience and Doctrine of St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Ignatius Press. ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0
Further reading
- Kalvelage, Francis Mary, 2001. Kolbe, saint of the Immaculata Ignatius Press, ISBN 0-89870-885-0
- Norman, Nicholas, 1988. Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Paluch Press 1952.
External links
- Roten, S.M., Johann. "Meaning of Consecration to Mary", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
- Works of Saint Louis de Montfort online
- International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton. The institute, a leading center for research and scholarship on the Blessed Virgin Mary, has a vast presence in cyberspace.
- Marian Library at the University of Dayton. The Marian Library is the world's largest repository of books, periodicals, artwork, and artifacts on Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
- Militia of the Immaculata Consecrations Archived 26 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Prayers of Marian Consecration listed by the International Marian Research Institute.