Immaculate Heart of Mary
The Immaculate Heart of Mary | |
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Minglanilla, Cebu, Philippines, and, Georgia |
The Immaculate Heart of Mary (
The Eastern Catholic Churches occasionally utilize the image, devotion, and theology associated with the Immaculate Heart of Mary. However, this is a cause of some controversy, some seeing it as a form of Liturgical Latinisation. The Roman Catholic view is based on their understanding of certain verses of scripture, particularly the Gospel of Luke.
Veneration
The veneration of the Heart of Mary is analogous to the veneration of the
The second difference is the nature of the devotion itself: in the devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the
History of devotion
Scriptural basis
In chapter 2 of the Gospel of Luke, it is twice stated that Mary kept all things in her heart, that there she might ponder over them.[4] Luke 2:35[5] recounts the prophecy of Simeon that her heart would be pierced with a sword. This image (the pierced heart) is the most popular representation of the Immaculate Heart.[1]
The
Various saints
Devotion to the Heart of Mary began in the Middle Ages with Anselm of Canterbury, and Bernard of Clairvaux. It was practiced and developed by Mechtilde, Gertrude the Great and Bridget of Sweden.[7] Evidence is also discernible in the pious meditations on the Ave Maria and the Salve Regina, usually attributed either to Anselm of Lucca (d. 1080) or Bernard; and also in the large book "De laudibus Beatae Mariae Virginis" (Douai, 1625) by Richard de Saint-Laurent, Penitentiary of Rouen in the 13th century.
Bernardino of Siena (d. 1444), is sometimes called "Doctor of the Heart of Mary",[7] and from him the church has borrowed the lessons of the second nocturn for the feast of the Heart of Mary. Francis de Sales speaks of the perfections of this heart, the model of love for God, and dedicated his "Theotimus" to it.
During this same period one finds occasional mention of devotional practices to the Heart of Mary, e.g., in the "Antidotarium" of Nicolas du Saussay (d. 1488),
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It was, however,
In 1699 the priest John Peter Pinamonti (d. 1703) published a short work on the Holy Heart of Mary in Italian, and in 1725, Joseph de Gallifet combined the cause of the Heart of Mary with that of the Heart of Jesus in order to obtain Rome's approbation of the two devotions and the institution of the two feasts. In 1729, his project was defeated, and in 1765, the two causes were separated, to assure the success of the principal one.
Two factors that helped the rapid progress of the devotion were the introduction of the
In 1849 Anthony Mary Claret founded the congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, commonly called the Claretians.[14]
Feast day
Year | Date (Novus Ordo) |
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2017 | Impeded (would be on 24 June) |
2018 | 9 June |
2019 | Impeded (would be on 29 June) |
2020 | 20 June |
2021 | 12 June |
2022 | 25 June |
2023 | 17 June |
2024 | 8 June |
2025 | 28 June |
2026 | 13 June |
2027 | 5 June |
2028 | Impeded (would be on 24 June) |
2029 | 9 June |
2030 | Impeded (would be on 29 June) |
In its principal object this feast is identical with the feast of the "Inner Life of Mary", celebrated by the Sulpicians on 19 October. It commemorates the joys and sorrows of the Mother of God, her virtues and perfections, her love for God and her Divine Son and her compassionate love for mankind.[15]
As early as 1643, John Eudes and his followers observed 8 February as the feast of the Heart of Mary.[4] In 1799
Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1944 to be celebrated on 22 August,[16] coinciding with the traditional octave day of the Assumption.[17] In 1969, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Immaculate Heart of Mary to the Saturday, immediately after the Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. This means in practice that it is now held on the third Saturday after Pentecost.[18]
At the same time as he closely associated the celebrations of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the
It is kept as the patronal feast of the
The celebration of this feast is omitted in those years when it is
The month of August in traditionally dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
Related devotions
Seven Dolors
Traditional depictions of the Immaculate Heart show it pierced with seven wounds or swords, a reference to the seven dolors of Mary, a popular Roman Catholic devotion. There are devotional prayers which consist of meditation on her Seven Sorrows.[19]
The Miraculous Medal
The devotion to Mary's Heart has had a greater flowering following the manifestation of the Miraculous Medal to
Five First Saturdays
The pious practice of honoring Mary on Saturday is an ancient custom largely attributed to the
Scapular of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
The "Scapular of the Immaculate Heart of Mary" is a
The scapular is made of white fabric and the front has an image of the burning heart of Mary, out of which grows a lily; the heart is encircled by a wreath of roses and pierced with a sword.
Consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
During the third apparition at Fátima, Portugal, on 13 July 1917, the Virgin Mary reportedly said to the three little shepherd visionaries: "God wishes to establish the devotion to her Immaculate Heart in the world" in order to save souls from hell and bring about world peace, and also asked for the consecration of Russia to her Immaculate Heart.
From the beginning of the 20th century the Holy See received many requests that the world be consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
- On October 31, 1942, Pius XII broadcast a radio address entitled Benedicite Deum to thousands of pilgrims who had come to Fatima to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of the last apparition of Our Lady.[28] He concluded his address by consecrating the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary:[29]
Finally, just as the Church and the entire human race were consecrated to the Heart of your Jesus, [...] so, in like manner, they are henceforth perpetually consecrated to you, to your Immaculate Heart, Oh our Mother, and Queen of the world: in order that your love and protection may hasten the triumph of the kingdom of God.[30]
- Pius renewed the consecration again on December 8, 1942, at St. Peter's Basilica.[31]
- Pope Paul VI renewed this consecration on November 21, 1964.[32]
- On May 13, 1982, in Fatima, after concelebrating Mass, Pope John Paul II consecrated the whole world and peoples to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, "In a special way we entrust and consecrate to you those individuals and nations which particularly need to be entrusted and consecrated...The power of this consecration lasts for all time and embraces all individuals, peoples and nations."
- On December 8, 1982, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, at the end of the Mass he celebrated in the Basilica of St. Mary Major, he renewed the act of consecration of the Church and the world to Mary before the image of Our Lady "Salus Populi Romani".[33]
- On October 8, 2000, John Paul II made an act of entrustment of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary for the new millennium.[34]
- Pope Francis renewed the consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on 13 October 2013 in Rome, as part of the Marian Day celebration that involved the iconic statue of Our Lady of the Rosary of Fátima.[35]
Russia
- Pope Pius XII, in his Apostolic Letter of 7 July 1952 Sacro Vergente, consecrated the peoples of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.[36]
- On 25 March 1984 Pope John Paul II made the solemn act of consecration of the world, and of Russia, to the Immaculate Heart of Mary[37] before the miraculous statue of Our Lady of Fátima brought to Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican for the occasion.
- Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis both have re-consecrated the world to the Immaculate Heart in 2010 and 2013, respectively.
- During the consecrated Russia and Ukraine to the Immaculate Heart of Mary in union with all Roman Catholic bishops and priests from all over the world to implore an end to the war. This act of consecration was pronounced by the Pope Francis on the afternoon of Friday 25 March in St. Peter's Basilica, at the Vatican City, and, on the same day, Cardinal Konrad Krajewski, the papal almoner, performed the same act of consecration at Fátima, Portugal, as the envoy of the Pope.[38]
Countries consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
- In June 1938, Portuguese bishops, consecrated Portugal to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. On 13 May 2016, Cardinal Manuel Clemente together with all the bishops of the 21 Portuguese dioceses renewed his consecration.
- On 22 June 1947, as part of the National Marian Congress to Celebrate the Centenary of the Archdiocese of Ottawa, the bishops of the Dominion consecrated Canada to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.[39] The consecration was renewed during the 1954 Marian year at the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Cape.
- On 16 July 1948 Cardinal Bernard William Griffin consecrated England and Wales to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. President of the Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, Cardinal Vincent Nichols renewed the consecration at Westminster Cathedral in early 2017.[40]
- On 19 November 1959, Bishop Patrick O'Boyleof Washington, D.C. consecrated the United States to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. It was renewed by the U.S. bishops 11 November 2006.
- Philippines (22 August 1964, 8 June 2013, 4 May 2018, 13 May 2020, all the Catholic bishops of the Philippines – CBCP)[41]
- Ireland (15 August 2013 – Cardinal Sean Brady, 25 March 2020 – Archbishop Eamon Martin)[42]
- Nigeria (13 October 2017)
- Lithuania (11 February 2018 – Archbishop Gintaras Grušas)[43]
- Netherlands – May 13, 2017
- Japan (1947)[44]
- Brasil (1948; 13 May 2020 – Orani João Tempesta)[45]
- Australia (1948); May 24, 2020, under the patronal title Our Lady Help of Christians.[46]
- Italy (13 September 1959); the Italian Bishops' Conference, May 1, 2020, in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Fonte presso Caravaggio.
- Lebanon and Countries of the Middle-East (16 June 2013, 13 June 2016, Cardinal Bechara Boutros Rai)[47]
- Cameroon (24 April 2022)[48]
- Samoa (7 December 2007, 3 December 2017 – Archbishop Alapati Lui Mataeliga)[49]
- On 25 March 2020, the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Although initially intended for Portugal and Spain, as the days drew close for the consecration, the episcopal conferences from twenty-two other countries expressed an interest in joining. Those countries included: Albania, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, East Timor, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Kenya, Mexico, Moldova, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.[50]
- Ukraine (23 October 2016 – Bishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk); 25 March 2022
- Russia and Countries of Central Asia (13 May 2017 – Cardinal Josef Cordes); 25 March 2022
- During the war between Israel and Hamas, on 29 October 2023 Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa consecrated the Holy Land and the Middle East to the Immaculate Heart of Mary imploring the gift of peace[51]
Dioceses consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
In 2017, in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the apparitions at Fatima, a number of bishops consecrated or renewed a previous consecration of their dioceses to Mary under the title of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Among these were: the Diocese of Birmingham, Alabama (14 January 2017, Bishop Robert J. Baker), Diocese of Tyler, Texas (13 May 2017, Bishop Joseph E. Strickland), Diocese of Kansas City-Saint Joseph, Missouri (13 May 2017, Bishop James Vann Johnston), Diocese of Providence, Rhode Island (13 May 2017, Bishop Thomas J. Tobin), Diocese of Worcester (MA) (June 3, 2017),[52] Diocese of Lansing (Bishop Earl Boyea, August 13, 2017).[53]
Also consecrated or re-consecrated were the Archdiocese of San Francisco, California (7 October 2017, Archbishop Salvatore J. Cordileone),[54] Diocese of Phoenix, Arizona (13 October 2017, Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted),[55] and the Diocese of St. Petersburg, Florida (6 May 2018, Bishop Gregory Parkes).[56]
See also
- Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary
- Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
- Immaculate Mary
- Rosarium Virginis Mariae – Pope John Paul II's Apostolic letter
- Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
- The Badge of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Green Scapular)
- Devotions to the Sacred Heart of Mary
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Bainvel, Jean. "Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 20 December 2012
- ^ "The Biblical Symbolism of the Immaculate Heart of Mary". 25 October 2019.
- ^ "The Immaculate Heart of Mary", Catholic News Agency
- ^ a b c Mauriello, Matthew R., "Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary", University of Dayton
- ^ Luke 2:35
- ^ Hanna, James K. (2016) "The Patristic Pre-History of Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary," Marian Studies: Vol. 67, Article 6, pp. 133-158
- ^ a b Roten, Johan G. "The Heart of Mary", Marian Library, University of Dayton, June 4, 2013
- ^ Murphy, John F., Mary's Immaculate Heart, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, 1951
- ISBN 1-4097-0537-4page 215
- ISBN 0-87840-399-Xpage 118
- ^ "The Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Inspiration of Mary's Love", The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, June 20. 2020
- ^ Goyau, Georges. "Paris." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 9 Aug. 2014
- ^ Bainvel, Jean. "Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 Aug. 2014
- ^ MacErlean, Andrew. "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914. 3 August 2022 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Holweck, Frederick. "Feast of the Most Pure Heart of Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 10 March 2015
- ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 94
- General Roman Calendar as in 1954
- ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), pp. 94, 135
- ^ "Our Lady of Sorrows", Marian Library, University of Dayton
- ^ Glass, Joseph. "Miraculous Medal." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 20 December 2012
- ^ "Saturday Devotions : University of Dayton, Ohio". udayton.edu. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
- ^ First Saturday Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Archived May 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-1-59276-026-8page 804
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hilgers, Joseph (1912). "Scapular". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ISBN 0691028672.
- ISBN 0-87973-910-Xpage 217
- ISBN 9781681497327
- ^ ISBN 0-9635345-0-5page 97
- ISBN 1-4067-3409-8pages 96-103
- ^ Papal Documents on Mary, (W.J. Doheny, C.S.C. and J.P. Kelly, S.T.D.,eds.) The Bruce Publishing Co., Milwaukee, 1954, pp. 202-204
- ISBN 0-85244-461-3pages 104-106
- ^ Apostolicae Sedis, 56, 1964, p. 1017
- ^ "Prayer of Consecration to Mary by Pope John Paul II 1982", Marian Library, University of Dayton
- ^ Pope John Paul II, Jubilee of Bishops, Rome, 8 October 2000; retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ "Our Lady of Fatima and Pope Francis' consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary", Archdiocese of Baltimore
- ^ "The Revelation of the Immaculate Heart at Fatima in 1917 | EWTN".
- ^ Davis, Matthew. "Archbishop to reconsecrate archdiocese to Immaculate Heart of Mary", The Catholic Spirit, Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis, September 6, 2017
- ^ "Pope invites bishops to join him in consecration of Russia and Ukraine – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ "Consecration of Canada to the Immaculate Heart of Mary", Ottawa Marian Congress 1947
- ^ "England and Wales consecrated once again to the Immaculate Heart of Mary", Diocese of Shrewsbury
- ^ Reis, fsp, Bernadette Mary. "Bishops in the Philippines will consecrate the country to Mary", Vatican News, 1 May 2020
- ^ "Consecrating Ireland to the Immaculate Heart of Mary". Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "Vilniaus arkivyskupija | Consecration of Lithuania to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Patroness of Lithuania". Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ The Catholic Standard and Times, Volume 67, Number 6, 27 October 1961
- ^ "Cardinal consecrates Brazil to Immaculate Heart of Mary", ACI Prensa, May 14, 2020
- ^ Rodrigues, Marilyn. "Bishops re-consecrate Australia to Our Lady", Catholic Weekly, May 25, 2020
- ^ Noun, Fady. "Lebanon and the Middle East "consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary for peace in the region", AsiaNews, June 13, 2016
- ^ Samasumo, Paul. "Bishops of Cameroon re-consecrate the country to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.", Vatican News, 24 April 2022
- ^ Toluono, Tiufea Tuu’u Mikaele Toluono. "10th anniversary of the consecration celebrated", Samoa Observer, 10 December 2017
- ^ "Consecration embraced 22 countries whose Bishops joined the Portuguese and Spanish prelates", Santuário de Fátima, 25 March, 2020
- ^ "Act of Consecration of the Holy Land to the Immaculate Heart of Mary". Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ "Diocese to be Consecrated to Immaculate Heart of Mary". Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester, May 30, 2017
- ^ "Act of Consecration of the Parishes of the Diocese of Lansing", Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing
- ^ "Living the Consecration", Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
- ^ "Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary", The Catholic Sun, Diocese of Phoenix, September 18, 2017
- ^ "Diocese of St. Petersburg Will Be Consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on May 6", Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Peterburg, February 2, 2018
External links
- Media related to Immaculate Heart of Mary at Wikimedia Commons
- The Immaculate Heart of Mary: Core of the Fatima Message