Faetar language
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Faetar | |
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Faetano and Cellese Francoprovençal | |
Pronunciation | [ˈfajdar] |
Native to | Italy |
Region | Foggia |
Native speakers | < 1,000 (2010)[1] |
Early forms | Old Latin
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Latin (no official orthography) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Franco-Provençal protected by statute in Italy[3] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | faet1240 Faeto and Celle San Vito Francoprovencal |
IETF | frp-u-sd-itfg |
External videos | |
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Faedar/Cellese speech | |
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Faetar, fully known as Faetar–Cigliàje (
Although Faetar shares many similarities with other varieties of Franco-Provençal, as well as
After a large wave of emigration from Italy after the
Although not given a distinct language code from Franco-Provençal, it is listed by
History
The Faetar language has its beginnings in the 13th century.
In the 20th century, hundreds of Faetano and Cellese people left Italy and settled in the Toronto area of Canada, and in small pockets of the
Language
There have been at least two dictionaries and one grammar published since 2000 that describe the Faetar language in Italian.[7] It has also been studied extensively in English,[8] French,[9] and Italian [10] as a minority language, a language in contact, and for comparison with other Franco-Provençal languages.[11]
Faetar's grammar is similar to most other Romance languages with articles that agree with masculine and feminine nouns, and verbs that are inflected with different endings for person, number, and tense. Because of these inflected verbs, pronouns are not necessary. However, Faetar has a unique pronoun characteristic in that it has two versions of each pronoun. There is a "strong" pronoun and a "weak" pronoun. In conversation, both the strong and the weak can be used together (the strong always comes first), or only the strong, or only the weak, or no pronoun at all. The weak can also appear after a noun. For example:
(1) No overt subject pronoun
/ɛ lu dʒórɛ Ø stav a la kaz/
and that day, [Ø=I] was at the house
(2) Weak pronoun
/e i stávo vakánt/
and it was vacant
(3) Strong pronoun
/no íʎɛ sta tútːo/
No, he was always…
(4) Strong + Weak pronoun
/íʎɛ i e lu me prɛfɛríːtə/
She-strong she-weak is my favourite [12]
This case of strong and weak pronouns has been the source of much study as to what constrains, if anything, the choice of pronouns in a given phrase.[11] This also makes Faetar a partial pro-drop language.
References
- ^ a b [1] Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Nagy, N. Lexical change and language contact: Francoprovençal in Italy and Canada. in M. Meyerhoff, C. Adachi, A. Daleszynska & A. Strycharz (eds.) The Proceedings of Summer School of Sociolinguistics 2010, Edinburgh.
- ^ a b Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022). "Glottolog 4.8 - Oil". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche (in Italian), Italian Parliament
- ^ Dieter Kattenbusch (1982). Das Frankoprovenzalische in Süditalien (in German). Tübingen.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ [2], UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
- ^ [3] Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Accenti provenzali sui monti Dauni, by Antonio Ricucci, April 30, 2012 (in Italian).
- ^ Rubino, Vincenzo et al. 2007. Dizionario Italiano-Francoprovenzale (F-I) di Faeto. Sportello Linguistico Francoprovenzale. Foggia, Italy.
- ^ Perta, Carmela. 2008. Can language politics ensure languages survival? Evidence from Italy. Language and Linguistics Compass 2.6: 1216-1224.
- ^ Colecchio, Linda & Michele Pavia. 2008. Les patrimoines linguistiques dans le cadre du développement local: enjeux seulement symboliques ou également économiques? la situation de Faeto. Abstract for a paper presented at Les droits linguistiques: droit à la reconnaissance, droit à la formation. Université de Teramo.
- ^ Bitonti, Alessandro. 2012. Luoghe, lingue, contatto: Italiano, dialetti, e francoprovenzale in Puglia. Tesi. Università di Lecce.
- ^ a b Heap, D. & N. Nagy. 1998. Subject pronoun variation in Faetar and Francoprovencal. Papers in Sociolinguistics. NWAVE-26 a l'Universite Laval. Quebec: Nota bene. 291-300.
- ^ Nagy, N.; Iannozzi, M.; & D. Heap. In Press. Faetar Null Subjects: A Variationist Study of Heritage Language In Contact. International Journal of the Sociology of Language.