Parmigiano dialect
Parmigiano | |
---|---|
pramzàn | |
Native to | Italy |
Indo-European
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Linguasphere | 51-AAA-okd |
IETF | egl-u-sd-itpr |
The Parmigiano dialect, sometimes anglicized as the Parmesan dialect, (al djalètt pramzàn) is a
Terminology
The term
Classification
Parmigiano is a dialect of
Emilian is part of the
History
Parmigiano has much of the history as
Its origins are with
Geographic distribution
Parmigiano is mainly spoken in the
- Low Parmigiano, which is native to a northern part of the province that lies between the Po and the Via Aemilia and whose largest town is Colorno.
- Western Parmigiano, which is heard around Emilian language.
- High Parmigiano, which has been affected by Apennineregion to the south.
An example of the variation is the word bombèn "very well". In 1861, the popular forms were moltbein and monbén, but it has also taken these forms: montben, mondbén, moltbén, moltbein, monbén, and mombén.[2][4] In the "Western Parmigiano" it's used a variety of locutions with the same meaning of bombèn, such as bèn a bota or bèn da bòn.
Official status
Like other varieties of
Writing system
Parmigiano is written using the Latin alphabet, but spelling can vary within a dialect. It has never been standardised, and the language is rarely written.[2]
Still, a number of Parmigani-Italian dictionaries have been published.[citation needed] Angelo Mazza and translator Clemente Bondi were prolific writers of poetry in Parmigiano. Most of the works were first published in the late 1700s or the early to mid-1800s.
Grammar
Parmigiano is a synthetic language like Italian and French (but much less so than Classical Latin) and shares several notable features with most other Romance languages:
- loss of Latin's declension and the neuter grammatical gender for nouns
- development of grammatical articles from Latin demonstratives
- new tenses formed from auxiliaries
Negation
Parmigiano expresses negation in two parts, with the particle n attached to the verb (often adding the pleonastic particle "gh") and one or more negative words (connegatives) that modify the verb or one of its arguments. Negation encircles a conjugated verb with n after the subject and the negative adverb after the conjugated verb, For example, the simple verbal negation is expressed by n before the finite verb (and any object pronouns) and the adverb miga after the finite verb. That is a feature it has in common with French, which uses ne and pas. Pas derives from the Latin passus "step", and miga "breadcrumb" also signifies a small quantity (Ex. "A n'gh'o miga vist Zvan incó", meaning "I have not seen John today").[5]
Samples
Here is a sample of Parmigiano, compared to Italian and English, but even within a dialect, there is variation.
Language | Sample |
---|---|
English | The crow stole from the window a piece of cheese; perched on a treetop, he was ready to eat it when a fox saw him; he was absolutely starving. |
Italian | Il corvo aveva rubato da una finestra un pezzo di formaggio; appollaiato sulla cima di un albero, era pronto a mangiarselo, quando la volpe lo vide; era davvero affamato. |
Parmigiano | Al corv l'äva robè da 'na fnéstra 'n tòch äd formàj; pozè insimma a 'na pianta, l'éra lì lì par magnärsol/magnärsel, quand la volpa l'al vèdda; al gh'äva fama dabón. |
Words
English | Parmigiano |
---|---|
And | E |
Emilia | Emilja |
Romagna | Römagnä |
Italy | Italja |
References
- ^ "Endangered languages: the full list". The Guardian. 15 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Il dialetto parmigiano: piccola lingua di una piccola patria" [The Parmigiano dialect: small language from a small fatherland] (in Italian).
- ^ Gilmour
- ^ "VOCABOLARIO PARMIGIANO-ITALIANO" [Parmigiano-Italian Vocabulary] (in Italian).
- ^ Maiden & Parry, p. 104
Bibliography
- Gilmour, David (2011). The Pursuit of Italy: A History of a Land, Its Regions and Their Peoples. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-1-84614-251-2.
- Maiden, Martin; Parry, M. Mair (1997). The dialects of Italy. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-11104-1.
- Parker, Philip M. (2008). Webster's Parmigiano - English Thesaurus Dictionary. ICON Group International. ISBN 978-0-497-83663-4.