German submarine U-576

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

History
Nazi Germany
NameU-576
Ordered8 January 1940
Builder
Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Yard number552
Laid down1 August 1940
Launched30 April 1941
Commissioned26 June 1941
FateSunk by US aircraft and a merchant ship, near the East Coast of the United States on 15 July 1942[1]
General characteristics
Class and type
Type VIIC submarine
Displacement
Length
  • 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)
    o/a
  • 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)
    pressure hull
Beam
  • 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power
  • 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
  • 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced
  • 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range
  • 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth
  • 230 m (750 ft)
  • Crush depth
    : 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament
Service record[2]
Part of:
Identification codes: M 44 117
Commanders:
  • Kptlt.
     Hans-Dieter Heinicke
  • 26 June 1941 – 15 July 1942
Operations:
  • 5 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • a. 6 October – 5 November 1941
  • b. 8 – 12 November 1941
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 11 – 23 December 1941
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 20 January – 28 February 1942
  • 4th patrol:
  • 29 March – 16 May 1942
  • 5th patrol:
  • 16 June – 15 July 1942
Victories:
  • 4 merchant ships sunk
    (15,450 GRT)
  • 2 merchant ships damaged
    (19,457 GRT)
U-576 and Bluefields (shipwrecks and remains)
Nearest city
MPS
World War II Shipwrecks along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico MPS
NRHP reference No.15000864
Added to NRHP8 December 2015

German submarine U-576 was a

Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out five patrols, sinking four ships of 15,450 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging two more of 19,457 GRT. She was sunk on 15 July 1942 by depth charges from two US aircraft and gunfire from a merchant ship, near the East Coast of the United States
. The wreck was discovered in August 2014.

Design

supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[3]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).

2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty men.[3]

Service history

Blohm & Voss, Hamburg at yard number 552, the submarine was launched on 30 April 1941. She was commissioned on 26 June under the command of Kapitänleutnant
Hans-Dieter Heinicke.

U-576 trained in the 7th U-boat Flotilla, and stayed with that flotilla for operations from 1 September 1941 until her loss on 15 July 1942.

First and second patrols

U-576's first patrol was from Kirkenes in Norway. She headed for the Barents Sea and swept the area off the Kola Peninsula. No encounters were reported.

On her second patrol, she sailed into the Atlantic Ocean through the

St. Nazaire
in occupied France on 23 December 1941, without incident.

Third patrol

Leaving St. Nazaire on 20 January 1942, the U-576 sank the Empire Spring, a catapult armed merchantman or CAM ship, on 14 February, southeast of Sable Island, off Nova Scotia.[4] The Empire Spring's entire crew of 55 died in the sinking.[5]

Fourth patrol

As one of the boats involved in Operation Drumbeat (U-boat operations off the eastern seaboard of the North America),[6] U-576 sank the Pipestone County on 21 April 1942, 475 nautical miles (880 km; 547 mi) east of Cape Henry, Virginia. All 46 of the Pipestone County's crewmen survived. The submarine surfaced, Heinicke apologized to the Pipestone County's crew for sinking their ship, and U-576's crew gave provisions to the men in one of the lifeboats.[5] On 30 April 1942, the U-576 sank the Norwegian[5] vessel Taborfjell 95 nautical miles (176 km; 109 mi) east of Cape Cod. The merchant ship went down in just one minute, with the loss of 17 of her 20 crewmen.

Fifth patrol and loss

The boat set out from St. Nazaire for the last time on 16 June 1942, heading for the U.S. Atlantic seaboard to participate in Operation Drumbeat. During the first half of July, she sighted an Allied convoy but was unable to attack it. The U-576 was plagued with engine trouble,[5] and on 13 or 14 July, an aircraft attack damaged one of her ballast tanks, hampering her ability to dive and surface, and Heinicke signaled that the damage could not be repaired at sea. On the 29th day of the patrol, Heinicke signaled that he was heading east on the surface in moderate seas and had made 16 nautical miles that day. It was the U-576's last signal.

On 15 July 1942 off the coast of

Key West, Florida.[5] She fired four torpedoes; one hit and sank the Nicaraguan cargo ship Bluefields, one hit and damaged the American cargo ship Chilore that then struck an Allied mine whilst under tow and sank off Cape Henry, while the other two hit the Panamanian tanker J. A. Mowinckel, damaging her.[5] After firing the torpedoes, the U-576 unintentionally surfaced in the middle of the convoy, prompting one of the convoy's ships, the Unicoi, to open fire on her and two United States Navy Vought OS2U Kingfisher aircraft to attack her with depth charges, one of which was seen to land on her deck and roll overboard before exploding.[5] The U-576 sank, leaving a large pool of oil on the surface.[5] All 45 crewmen on U-576 died; there were no survivors.[5]

Discovery

U-576 off North Carolina Coast

In 2009, the U.S.

National Geographic Channel's 2013 television documentary Hitler's Secret Attack on America. In October 2014, NOAA announced the submarine had been located using sonar in August 2014 during an expedition conducted by NOAA's Office of Marine Sanctuaries. Her wreck lies 30 miles off Cape Hatteras and about 240 yards (220 meters) from the wreck of Bluefields.[7] On 8 December 2015 the wrecks of U-576 and Bluefields were placed on the National Register of Historic Places
.

On 24 August 2016, during a series of dives in two-person submersibles from the 146-foot (45-meter) vessel Baseline Explorer, scientists working in partnership with

hull, conning tower, and deck gun (the latter inscribed with the nickname "Peterle," German for "Little Peter") were largely intact.[5] The scientists also visited the wreck of Bluefields.[5] NOAA made plans to conduct an underwater laser scan of both wrecks and produce exact three-dimensional models of them.[5]

Under

United States Government has agreed to care for it.[5] Presumably, her entire crew of 45 men is entombed within her hull.[5]

Summary of raiding history

Date Ship Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT) 		Fate[8]
14 February 1942 Empire Spring  United Kingdom 6,946 Sunk
21 April 1942 Pipestone County  United States 5,102 Sunk
30 April 1942 Taborfjell  Norway 1,339 Sunk
15 July 1942 Bluefields  Nicaragua 2,063 Sunk
15 July 1942 Chilore  United States 8,310 Damaged
15 July 1942 J.A. Mowinckel  Panama 11,147 Damaged

References

  1. ^ Kemp 1997, p. 84.
  2. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-576". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
  4. ISBN 0-7230-0809-4
    , p. 55
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Ruane, Michael E. (31 August 2016). "After a 7-year search, a missing German U-boat is lost no longer". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  6. ISBN 0-06-016155-8
    , p. 489
  7. ^ Lendon, Brad (21 October 2014). "Wreck of WWII German U-boat found off North Carolina". CNN. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  8. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-576". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 3 February 2014.

Bibliography

External links
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