Germany–Palestine relations

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Germany–Palestine relations
Map indicating locations of Germany and Palestine

Germany
Palestine

Germany–Palestine are relations between the

development partnerships. Germany is diplomatically committed to a two-state solution and has acted as a mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict in the past.[1]

History

Amin al-Husseini and Adolf Hitler (1941)

From the year 1840, there was a

Nazi propaganda to the Arab world and urged Arabs to support the Germans.[4] Nazi Germany also supported the uprising of the Palestinians against the British colonial power with funds and weapons.[5] After the defeat of Germany, al-Husseini fled to Egypt and lost his status as leader of the Palestinian independence movement, but his antisemitic and antizionistic ideas strongly influenced later movements.[4]

West Germany

In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, the

German Chancellor Helmut Kohl spoke out in favor of a Palestinian state in the 1980s.[11]

East Germany

Yasser Arafat at the Brandenburg Gate (1971)

The

People's Chamber adopted a statement apologizing "in all form from the anti-Israeli and anti-Zionist policy practiced in this country for decades."[14]

After German reunification

Pro-Palestine protest in Kreuzberg, Berlin, 21 October 2023

After the

UN member states. In the past, however, Germany's perceived closeness to Israeli positions often led to frustrations on the part of the Palestinians.[15]

Since the early 2020s, Germany has begun what activists have labelled "a crackdown" on Palestinian solidarity.[16][17][18]

2023 Palestinian attack on German nationals

Two German tourists were attacked by an angry mob of Palestinians after they entered Nablus in an Israeli ride-share vehicle in 2023. Palestinians were seen hurling stones at the car, attempting to open the doors and attacking the German tourists in an attempted lynching.[19] The pair suffered minor "superficial injuries."[20][21]

Economic relations

Bilateral trade exchange plays a rather minor role, with a volume of 103 million euros (2021).[22] Germany, however, is an important partner in development aid, with aid of nearly 60 million euros per year, with Germany paying particular attention to the creation of projects to promote employment. In addition, Germany provides aid for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip and works closely with Palestinian authorities on water, sanitation, and waste management. Germany is a partner of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees. In 2021, Germany donated 150 million euros to support Palestinian refugees.[23]

Cultural relations

There are numerous contacts in the field of culture. The

Talitha Kumi School in Beit Jala there are two German schools in Palestine. Germany is also involved in archaeological and historical research in the region, which has a long tradition.[1]

The

Verfassungsschutz and is considered close to Hamas.[24]

Migration

There is a large Palestinian-born community among Arabs in Germany. Their number is estimated to be close to 100,000, many of them living in the Neukölln district in the German capital Berlin. The first Palestinians arrived in Germany in the 1960s, and with the start of the Lebanese Civil War beginning in 1975, there was a wave of immigration. Well-known German-Palestinians include politician Sawsan Chebli and rapper Massiv.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b "Germany and the Palestinian territories: Bilateral relations". German Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  2. ^ a b "EHRI - Deutsche Konsulate in Palästina (Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa)". portal.ehri-project.eu. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  3. ^ Gert Krell. "Schatten der Vergangenheit: Nazi-Deutschland, Holocaust und Nahostkonflikt" (PDF). Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  4. ^ a b "Umstrittene Geschichte: Palästina und die Nazis". Deutsche Welle (in German). 12 January 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  5. ^ Shelomo Alfassa (ed.): Reference Guide to the Nazis and Arabs During the Holocaust. International Sephardic Leadership Council. New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-9763226-3-4, p. 18.
  6. ^ a b "Der kurze Weg nach Entebbe oder die Verlängerung der deutschen Geschichte in den Nahen Osten | Zeithistorische Forschungen". zeithistorische-forschungen.de (in German). Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Es bleibt kompliziert | Zeithistorische Forschungen". zeithistorische-forschungen.de. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  8. ^ Deininger, Roman; Ritzer, Uwe. "Olympia-Attentat 1972: Hilfe von einem Neonazi". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  9. ^ Wunschik, Tobias. "Baader-Meinhof international?". bpb.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  10. ISSN 0174-4909
    . Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  11. ^ a b Paech, Norman. "Das Elend der deutschen Nahost-Politik". Telepolis (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  12. ^ a b Kinan, Jaeger. "Der "Staat Palästina": Herausforderung deutscher Außenpolitik". bpb.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  13. ^ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2012-02-01). "Nahostkonflikt: Wie die DDR Waffen an Jassir Arafats PLO lieferte". DIE WELT (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  14. ^ "Vor 30 Jahren: Warum sich die DDR-Volkskammer bei Israel entschuldigte". Israelnetz (in German). 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  15. ^ "Nahostpolitik: Besondere Beziehungen auch zu Palästina? - Qantara.de". Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt (in German). Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  16. ^ Roth-Rowland, Natasha (4 April 2023). "Germany's anti-Palestinian censorship turns on Jews". +972 Magazine.
  17. ^ Bynun, Brioni (4 June 2023). "Germany is Criminalising Palestinian Solidarity". Tribune.
  18. ^ Abusalama, Majed (10 June 2023). "Germany's anti-Palestinianism is escalating". Al Jazeera.
  19. ^ Haddad, Yoseph [@YosephHaddad] (March 19, 2023). "German tourists who entered Nablus on Saturday with a rented car from Tel Aviv (Israeli license plates) were nearly lynched by Palestinians and miraculously came out alive..." (Tweet). Retrieved 19 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  20. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (19 March 2023). "Two German tourists attacked by Palestinians after entering Nablus with Israeli car". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  21. ^ "German tourists visiting Israel attacked by Palestinians in Nablus". The Jerusalem Post. 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  22. ^ "Rangfolge der Handelspartner im Außenhandel" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  23. ^ "Support for Palestine refugees: Germany remains a reliable partner to UNRWA". German Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  24. ^ "Verfassungsschutzbericht 2016" (PDF; 4,6 MB). Senatsverwaltung für Inneres und Sport, Verfassungsschutz Berlin. 2017-08-17. p. 68. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  25. ^ "Inside Berlin's famous Palestinian neighbourhood". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2023-01-01.

External links

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