Glycerophosphorylcholine

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Glycerophosphorylcholine
Clinical data
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • [(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl] 2-trimethylazaniumylethyl phosphate
JSmol)
  • [O-]P(=O)(OC[C@H](O)CO)OCC[N+](C)(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C8H20NO6P/c1-9(2,3)4-5-14-16(12,13)15-7-8(11)6-10/h8,10-11H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t8-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:SUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a natural

parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor[1] which has been investigated for its potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease[2] and other dementias.[3]

Alpha-GPC rapidly delivers choline to the brain across the blood–brain barrier and is a biosynthetic precursor of acetylcholine.[2] It is a non-prescription drug in most countries. The FDA determined that intake of no more than 196.2 mg/person/day is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS).[4]

Production

Industrially, alpha-GPC is produced by the chemical or enzymatic deacylation of

phospholipids followed by chromatographic purification. Alpha-GPC may also be derived in small amounts from highly purified soy lecithin as well as from purified sunflower lecithin.[5][6]

Safety

Alpha-GPC metabolizes to

trimethylamine n-oxide in the gastrointestinal tract, which has implications for cardiovascular health. In one study, risk of stroke over a ten-year period was increased by about 40% in users of alpha-GPC.[7]

References

  1. PMID 12637119
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 34661218
    .
  3. S2CID 46175609
    .
  4. ^ "Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Determination for the Use of AlphaSize® Alpha-Glycerylphosphoryl Choline" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. 25 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2013.
  5. PMID 24156263
    .
  6. PMID 23387341
    .
  7. PMID 34817582
    .

External links