Help:IPA/Georgian

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See

Georgian phonology
for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
b[1] ბ Ⴁ ⴁ b bash
ɡ[1] გ Ⴂ ⴂ g gate
d[1]
 დ Ⴃ ⴃ d do
v ვ Ⴅ ⴅ v, w van
ʷ[2] quick
z ზ Ⴆ ⴆ z zoo
tʰ
 		თ Ⴇ ⴇ t table
kʼ კ Ⴉ ⴉ kʼ roughly like the unaspirated "k" in sky (but also ejective)[3]
l[4]
 ლ Ⴊ ⴊ l leaf
m მ Ⴋ ⴋ m much
n
 		ნ Ⴌ ⴌ n not
pʼ პ Ⴎ ⴎ pʼ roughly like the unaspirated "p" in spy (but also ejective)[3]
ʒ ჟ Ⴏ ⴏ zh pleasure
r[5]
 რ Ⴐ ⴐ r Spanish río
s ს Ⴑ ⴑ s sue
tʼ
 		ტ Ⴒ ⴒ tʼ roughly like the unaspirated "t" in sty (but also ejective)[3]
pʰ ფ Ⴔ ⴔ p pan
kʰ ქ Ⴕ ⴕ k can
ʁ ღ Ⴖ ⴖ gh Scottish English loch, but voiced. Cf. also guttural R,
χʼ[6] ყ Ⴗ ⴗ xʼ Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective)[3]
ʃ შ Ⴘ ⴘ sh shoe
tʃʰ ჩ Ⴙ ⴙ ch choose
tsʰ ც Ⴚ ⴚ ts, c cats
dz ძ Ⴛ ⴛ dz pads
tsʼ წ Ⴜ ⴜ tsʼ, cʼ Navajo ts'in (ejective)[3]
tʃʼ ჭ Ⴝ ⴝ chʼ roughly like the unaspirated "ch" in question (but also ejective)[3]
χ ხ Ⴞ ⴞ kh, x Scottish loch; the English exclamation "ugh"
dʒ ჯ Ⴟ ⴟ j hedge
h ჰ Ⴠ ⴠ h head
Marginal consonants
f[7] ჶ — — f fan
Vowels
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
a ა Ⴀ ⴀ a taco
e ე Ⴄ ⴄ e let
i ი Ⴈ ⴈ i feet
o ო Ⴍ ⴍ o story
u უ Ⴓ ⴓ u rule
Suprasegmentals
IPA Explanation
ˈ stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)[8]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [pʰ tʰ kʰ].
  2. ^ /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.
  3. ^
    t
    / are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
  4. ɫ] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ
    ,/
  5. ɾ
    ].
  6. ^ [χʼ] is commonly phonemicized as /qʼ/.
  7. ^ [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.
  8. ^ In Georgian, word stress falls on the first syllable of a word [1][2]

See also

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