Help:IPA/Korean

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the

North Korean dialect or in other dialects. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
.

See Korean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.

Korean consonants
IPA Hangul Example English approximation
Hangul RR
b[1] ㅂ 이불 ibul ball
β[2][3] ㅎ (ㅸ) 오후 ohu roughly like upvote
ç[4] ㅎ 힘, 흉내 him, hyungnae human
ɕ[5] ㅅ 시루 siru roughly like she
ɕ͈[5] ㅆ ㅅ 씨, 국수 ssi, guksu seen
d[1]
 ㄷ 민들레 mindeulle doll
dz[6] ㅈ 나중 najung beds
dʑ[1] ㅈ [ㄷ이] 아버지, 해돋이 abeoji, haedoji roughly like gee
ɸ[3]
 ㅎ [호] [후] 활, 훗날 hwal, hunnal roughly like who
ɡ[1] ㄱ 마개 magae gall
ɣ[2][7] ㄱ 아가 aga Spanish amigo or again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
h ㅎ 햇잎 haennip hall
ɦ[2] ㅎ 마흔 maheun RP behind
j [ㅛ, ㅠ,ㅑ,ㅕ,
ㅖ, ㅒ][8]		 여울 yeoul you
ʝ[2][4]
 ㅎ 감히 gamhi roughly like you
k ㄱ 구이 gui sky
k̚ ㄱ ㅋ[9] 바지락 bajirak lock
k͈ ㄲ 꿩, 젓갈 kkwong, jeotgal skin
kʰ ㅋ [ㄱㅎ] [ㅎㄱ] 코, 석회, 않기 ko, seokhoe, angi cup
ɭ ㄹ [ㄴ][10] 알, 신라 al, Silla hall
m ㅁ [ㅂ][11] 못, 압력 mot, amnyeok mall
n
 ㄴ
[ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ][12]		 누리 nuri not
ŋ ㅇ(ㆁ) [ㄱ][13] 가랑비, 먹물 garangbi, meongmul king
p ㅂ 바다 bada spa
p̚ ㅂ ㅍ [14] 부삽, 잎 busap, ip clip
p͈ ㅃ ㅂ 뿔, 먹보 ppul, meokbo spit
pʰ ㅍ [ㅂㅎ] [ㅎㅂ] 푸서리, 잡학 puseori, japhak paint
ɾ ㄹ [ㄹㅇ] 여드레, 얼음 yeodeure, eoreum Scottish great or American atom
sʰ ㅅ 수박 subak like see, but aspirated (with more breath)
s͈ ㅆ 쌀, 열쇠 ssal, yeolsoe saw
t
 ㄷ 돌 dol star
t̚ ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ[15] 곧, 뭍, 옷, 젖, 낯 got, mut, ot, jeot, nat let
t͈ ㄸ ㄷ 떡, 막대 tteok, makdae stall
tʰ ㅌ [ㄷㅎ] [ㅎㄷ] 구태여, 맞흥정, 닳다 gutaeyeo, matheungjeong, dalda tall
ts[6] ㅈ 측정 cheukjeong cats
ts͈[6] ㅉ 짤림 jjallim
tsʰ[6] ㅊ [ㅈㅎ] [ㅎㅈ] 참새 chamsae let's have
tɕ ㅈ 자투리 jaturi roughly like patch
tɕ͈ ㅉ 돌쩌귀, 꺽지 doljjeogwi, kkeokji
tɕʰ ㅊ [ㄷ히] [ㅎㅈ] 눈초리, 맞히다, 닳지 nunchori, machida, dalji roughly like cheek
w [ㅙ, ㅞ][16] 왜가리, 꿰맴질 waegari, kkwemaemjil wall
x[7] ㅎ 흙 heuk loch
z[17] ㅿ ᅀᅵᆫ간 zingan zebra
ʔ[18] ㆆ ᅙᅵᆯ qil uh-oh
Korean vowels and diphthongs[19]
IPA Hangul Example English approximation
Hangul RR[20]
a ㅏ 하루 haru RP up
aː 밤 bam spa
ɒ[17] ㆍ ᄌᆞ주 jawju yawn
ʌ ㅓ 거울 geoul Conservative up
əː 어른 eoreun RP herd
ɛ ㅐ 개구리 gaeguri bet
ɛː 냇물 naenmul GA bed
e ㅔ 메주 meju rate
eː 게장 gejang raid
i ㅢ[21] 흰색 huinsaek peak
ㅣ 피 pi beat
iː 실타래 siltarae bead
o ㅗ 오늘 oneul sort
oː 모레 more sword
ø ㅚ[16] 쇠뇌 soenoe wet
øː 왼손 oenson wed
u ㅜ 우물 umul root
uː 둘 dul rude
ɯ ㅡ 버들 beodeul foot
ɯː 그림 geurim good
ɰi ㅢ 민주주의 minjujuui somewhat like we
y ㅟ[16] 귀엣말 gwienmal somewhat like sweet
yː 쉰 swin somewhat like swede
Korean suprasegmentals
IPA Description
ː
Geminated consonant[22]
ˈ
Primary stress
(placed before the stressed syllable)
ˌ Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
. Syllable break

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d The plain stops and affricate /p t tɕ k/ are voiced to [b d dʑ ɡ] respectively between voiced sounds.
  2. ^ a b c d ㅎ is voiced between voiced sounds.
  3. ^ a b [ɸ] is the allophone of /h/ before /u/ or /w/.
  4. ^ a b [ç] is the allophone of /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
  5. ^ a b [ɕ ɕ͈] are the allophones of /s s͈/ before /i/ and /j/.
  6. ^ a b c d [ts ts͈ tsʰ dz] occur in the North Korean dialect.
  7. ^ a b [x] is the allophone of /h/ before /ɯ/.
  8. ^ /j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
  9. ^ ㄱ and ㅋ are k̚ and RR k at the end of a syllable.
  10. ^ ㄹ is [ɭ] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ɭː].
  11. n
    /     or /m/.
  12. n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before /n/ or /m
    /    .
  13. n/, /m/, or /ɾ
    /.
  14. ^ ㅂ and ㅍ are [p̚] and RR p at the end of a syllable.
  15. ^ ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are t̚ and RR t at the end of a syllable.
  16. ^ a b c /w/ is spelled ㅜ before /ʌ/, /e/, /i/ (the latter combination producing /y/~[ɥi]) and ㅗ before /ɛ/, /a/; ㅚ /ø/ can also be pronounced [we].
  17. ^ a b The sounds /z/ and /ɒ/ are no longer present in Modern Korean, and their respective symbols no longer pertain to the Hangeul Script in usage. However, /ɒ/ is still used for Jeju.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference glottal stop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ In Standard Korean, vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
  20. ^ Vowel length is not reflected in the romanization.
  21. ^ When ㅢ is preceded by anything but ㅇ, /ɰi/ is interchangeable with, or completely shifted to /i/.
  22. regressive assimilation
    .

References

  • Heo, Yong (2013). "An analysis and interpretation of Korean vowel systems". Acta Koreana. 16 (1): 23–43.
  • Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. p. 120–123.
  • Lee, Hyun-bok (2002). 음성의 연구와 음성의 표기법 [Phonetic Notation in Phonetic Research: IPA and International Korean Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2002.
  • Lee, Hyun-bok (2004). In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech (PDF). INTERSPEECH-2004.
  • Shin, J. (2015). Vowels and Consonants. In L. Brown & J. Yeon (Eds.). The Handbook of Korean Linguistics (pp. 36–21). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Shin, J., Kiaer, J., & Cha, J. (2012). The Sounds of Korean. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sohn, Ho-min (2001). The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
    ISBN 0521369436
    .

External links
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