Help:IPA/Galician

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Galician language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters

See Galician phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Galician.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b baixo, vivir, weber best
β
 		abaixo, vivir[1] between baby and bevy
d
 		dedo dice
ð
 		dedo,[1] (dialectal) fazer other
f faro, nafta, Philip face
ɡ galego ago
ɣ galego[1] between ago and ahold
ɟ lle, brillo argue
k cor, quen, quad, kelvin scan
l
 		lúa, ballet luck
m ama, lamber mate
n
 		urna, pensa not
ŋ unha, longo, un, yang, ítem singer
ɲ uña onion
p pés spouse
θ zoo, cea,[2] theta thing
r
 		ría, parra
trilled r
ɾ fría, para, ar US atom
s
 		seu, casa, este between sip and ship (retracted)[3]
ʃ xente, flash, beige, (dialectal) dez, casas ship
t
 		tempo stand
tʃ chave catch
v afgano[4] of
z
 		mesmo,[4] (dialectal) fazer, casas between zone and genre (retracted)[3]
Dialectal consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
ħ ghato, trigho[5] hat
ʒ gente, queijo[6] genre
Non-native consonants
dʒ joule, gin, adagio budge
h hippy hook
ts tsar, pizza, hertz between cats and catch (retracted)
x kharxa, Bach[7] loch
 
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a cadro, má art
aː ra, á[8] father
ɛ feltro, café set
e selo, télex they
i lima, dial, río, oïades ski
ɔ ovo, abiótico, ao fin off
o avoa, avó story
u mula, dual, rúa, argüír ruler
Unstressed word-final vowels[9]
ɐ hora, na unrest
ɪ onte, se kit
ʊ niño, termonuclear, do output
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j saia, cilio, pai, spray yet / boy
w tenue, bilingüe, pau, watt switch / cow
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ Arousa [aˈɾowsɐ] primary stress
ˌ Vilamarín [ˌbilɐmaˈɾiŋ] secondary stress
. rías [ˈri.ɐs] syllable break

Notes

  1. ^
    d, ɡ
    ]    .
  2. /θ/ merges with /s/
    in western dialects.
  3. ^ a b The alveolar sibilants [s, z] are realized as laminal in some dialects, much like the ordinary alveolar sibilants found in French, German, Mandarin Chinese as well as the Slavic languages (Regueira (1996:82)).
  4. ^
    z] and [ʒ] are allophones of /f/, /s/ and /ʃ/, respectively, before voiced consonants
    .
  5. ^ In some dialects, /ɡ/ is spirantized to [ħ ~ ʕ] or [h ~ ɦ] in a phonological process known as gheada. For simplicity, this process is resepresented here with [ħ] only.
  6. ^ Voiced sibilants like /z/ and /ʒ/ are typically present in the Lower Limia area. Las consonantes fricativas de la lengua gallega, Figura 1 Mapa de los sistemas del seseo en la lengua gallega. (Fernández Rei 1991:193)
  7. hispanicized names like kharxa, Bach, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ
    ]    ).
  8. ^ Freixeiro Mato (2006)
  9. ^ There are only three unstressed word-final vowels in Galician: [ɐ, ɪ, ʊ]. The first one is phonemically /a/, whereas the other two vowels are a result of the neutralizations of, respectively, the non-open front vowels /ɛ–e–i/ and the non-open back vowels /ɔ–o–u/. This neutralization also applies to unstressed monosyllabic words; for instance, the article o is pronounced [ʊ]. In some cases, vowels from the final unstressed set appear in other positions, as e.g. in the word termonuclear [ˌtɛɾmʊnukleˈaɾ], because the prefix termo- is pronounced [ˈtɛɾmʊ] (Freixeiro Mato (2006:112), Regueira (2010:13–14, 21)).

References

  • Freixeiro Mato, Xosé Ramón (2006), Gramática da lingua galega (2 ed.), Vigo: Edicións A Nosa Terra,
    ISBN 9788483410608
  • Regueira, Xosé Luís (2010), Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega (PDF), A Coruña: Real Academia Galega,
    ISBN 978-84-87987-77-9

See also

External links

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