Ives noir

Ives noir
Ohio in 1844
VIVC number	5592

Ives noir is a red

port-style wines but saw its plantings steadily decrease throughout the 20th century as the vine's susceptibility to air pollution took its toll.^[1]

History and pedigree

According to the

Connecticut).^[2]^[3] The National Grape Registry maintained by the University of California, Davis list 1850 as the release date.^[4] Writings from Henry Ives himself dates the crossing to 1840. However, the earliest record of Hartford Prolific being cultivated dates back to 1846^[1] with the VIVC dating the crossing even later to 1849.^[3]

This inconsistency puts the pedigree of Ives noir in question. In other writings, Henry Ives claimed that he cultivated the grape from a

Bastardo

Employing an extensive set of microsatellite DNA markers, de Oliveira's research group in São Paulo, Brazil, revealed in a 2020 publication, that the Bordô hybrid cultivar (a.k.a. Gran d'Oro in Brazil) is identical to the Ives' Seedling cultivar (a.k.a. Ives noir) from the US.

Dr. Jeronimo (Jerry) Rodrigues (South Africa) further analysed Ives' microsatellite DNA which can now be downloaded from the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) database (Maul and Röckel, 2015). He determined that Ives noir, which has long been thought to be a natural hybrid between a wild Vitis labrusca species and an unknown Vitis vinifera variety is, in fact, far more likely to be a hybrid cultivar resulting from a crossing between wild native American species involving mainly V. labrusca and V. aestivalis, rather than V. vinifera.[5]

Ives noir was widely established in the eastern United States by the end of Prohibition in the 1930s when the grape became popular with wineries making sweet

fortified wines. However, by the end of the 20th century, plantings of the grape were declining significantly as the toll of air pollution in the United States resulted in crop failure for the sensitive vine.^[1]

Viticulture

Ives noir is a

irrigation in drought conditions.^[1]

Wine regions

Today Ives noir is planted mostly in the Eastern United States and in the Southern States of

hectares) of Ives noir in production as of 1996.^[1]

Outside of New York there were 15 acres (6 hectares) of Ives noir in production in

New Jersey and Pennsylvania.^[1]

Styles and uses

In addition to

blush wines and to sweet fortified wines.^[1]

Synonyms

Over the years Ives noir has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Black Ives, Bordô or Terci [6] (in Brazil), Ives Madeira, Ives' Madeira Seedling, Ives Seedling and Kittredge.^[1]^[2]

References

^
ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2

^ ^a ^b Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) Ives noir Archived 2014-11-03 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: April 20th, 2013
^ ^a ^b Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) Hartford Archived 2014-11-03 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: April 20th, 2013
^ National Grape Registry "Ives noir Archived 2010-06-11 at the Wayback Machine" Accessed: April 20th, 2013
^ "Ives' Seedling hybrid cultivar is totally American - DNA fingerprinting results show".
^ ^a ^b Embrapa - Official Site Accessed: December 26th, 2014

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v t e Hybrid grape varieties
Grape (Vitis) species	V. acerifolia V. adenoclada V. aestivalis V. amurensis V. × andersonii V. arizonica V. balansana V. barbata V. bashanica V. bellula V. berlandieri V. betulifolia V. biformis V. blancoi V. bloodworthiana V. bourgaeana V. × bourquina V. bryoniifolia V. californica V. × champinii V. chunganensis V. chungii V. cinerea V. coignetiae V. davidii V. × doaniana V. erythrophylla V. fengqinensis V. ficifolia V. flexuosa V. girdiana V. hancockii V. heyneana V. hui V. jacquemontii V. jaegeriana V. jinggangensis V. Kelungensis V. labrusca V. × labruscana V. lanceolatifoliosa V. lincecumii V. longquanensis V. luochengensis V. menghaiensis V. mengziensis V. monticola V. mustangensis V. nesbittiana V. × novae-angliae V. palmata V. peninsularis V. piasezkii V. pilosonerva V. popenoei V. pseudoreticulata V. retordii V. riparia V. romanetii V. rotundifolia V. rupestris V. ruyuanensis V. shenxiensis V. shuttleworthii V. silvestrii V. sinocinerea V. × slavinii V. tiliifolia V. treleasei V. tsoii V. vinifera V. vulpina V. wenchouensis V. wilsonae V. wuhanensis V. xunyangensis V. Yeshanensis V. yunnanensis V. zhejiang-adstricta
Notable hybrids	Agawam Alexander Aurore Baco blanc Baco noir Beta Black Spanish Blanc du Bois Breidecker Cabernet blanc Cabernet Cortis Cascade Cassady Catawba Cayuga White Chambourcin Chancellor Chardonel Chelois Clinton Concord Corot noir Couderc noir De Chaunac Edelweiss Flora Flot rouge Frontenac Goethe Herbert Hibernal Himrod seedless Ives noir Jaeger 70 Kay Gray Kyoho L'Acadie blanc La Crosse Lakemont seedless Landal noir Landot noir Léon Millot Malverina Marechal Foch Marechal Joffre Marquette Massasoit Melody Merzling Muscat bleu Niagara Noiret Norton Olmo grapes Onaka Orion Phoenix Plantet Ravat blanc Requa Rogers' Hybrids Rondo Royalty Seibel grapes Severny Seyval blanc Seyval noir Solaris St. Pepin Thomcord Traminette Triomphe d'Alsace Valvin muscat Vidal blanc Vignoles Villard grapes Zarya severa

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Grape cultivars	Alexander Agawam Beta Blanc du Bois Black Spanish Catawba Cayuga White Cassady Concord Chardonel Clinton Corot noir Delaware Edelweiss Frontenac Gamay Beaujolais Himrod Ives noir Jaeger 70 Kay Gray Lakemont La Crescent La Crosse Marquette Minnesota 78 Niagara Norton Noiret Olmo grapes Royalty Onaka Rogers' Hybrids Flora Goethe Herbert Massasoit Requa Scuppernong St. Vincent grape St. Pepin Traminette Thomcord Valvin muscat Vignoles Vidal blanc
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