John 10
John 10 | |
---|---|
Book | Gospel of John |
Category | Gospel |
Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 4 |
John 10 is the tenth chapter of the
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 42 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 75 (AD 175–225)
- Papyrus 66 (~ 200)
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Papyrus 6 (~ 350; extant: Greek verses 1–2, 4–7, 9–10; Coptic verses 1–12, 20)[3]
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Bezae (~ 400)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
Old Testament references
- John 10:11: Isaiah 40:11, Ezekiel 34:23[4]
- John 10:22: 1 Maccabees 4:59[4]
- John 10:34: Psalm 82:6[5][4]
Places
Events recorded in this chapter refer to the following locations:
- Jerusalem (John 10:22–39)
- The east bank of Jordan River, the place where John the Baptist was baptizing at first. (John 10:40–42)
The true shepherd illustration
In verses 1–5, Jesus uses a parable,[6] illustration[7] or "figure of speech"[8] regarding the manner in which a true shepherd enters his sheepfold, through the door or the gate, unlike the manner of a thief or a stranger. H. W. Watkins notes that "the word rendered 'parable' (in verse 6) is the wider word (Greek: παροιμία, paroimia) which includes every kind of figurative and proverbial teaching, every kind of speech ... which departs from the usual course (Greek: οἶμος, oimos)". The word παραβολα (parabola) is not used in John's Gospel.[9]
Jesus begins:
- Very truly I tell you Pharisees, anyone who does not enter the sheep pen by the gate, but climbs in by some other way, is a thief and a robber.[10]
The Pharisees are not mentioned in the Greek text (λεγω υμιν,[11] legō humin, "I speak to you") but they are mentioned in the New International Version (NIV) in continuity with John 9:40, where "some Pharisees" had spoken with Jesus. The NIV and the Jerusalem Bible also confirm in verse 6 that the Pharisees are the group Jesus is addressing.[12][13] German Protestant theologian Heinrich Meyer argues that these verses continue from chapter 9 "without the slightest indication of a change having taken place", and that ideally the chapter break would have been inserted at John 9:35.[14] Henry Alford likewise connects this pericope with John 9:35-41.[15]
In this illustration, the true shepherd "enters the sheepfold by the door" and "calls his own sheep by name and leads them out (Greek: ἐξάγει αὐτά)" (John 10:1,3). The alternative way in, taken by the thief or stranger, is to "climb up some other way", i.e. to climb over the wall of the sheepfold.[16] The narrative is introduced "very truly" or "most assuredly".[17] Jesus' audience ("they", verse 6) did not understand what he was saying, and did not understand that he was applying the reference to thieves and robbers (verse 1) to themselves.[13]
In its reference to the shepherd leading the flock out of the sheepfold, verse 3 has the
The door of the sheep and the good shepherd
In verse 7, Jesus "feels compelled" to start again (πάλιν, palin).
Verse 21
- Others said, "These are not the words of one who has a demon. Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?"[23]
This verse further reiterates the continuity between this chapter and the dialogue following the
The Feast of Dedication
Verse 22 refers to Hanukkah:
- Now it was the
The feast (
Jesus walked in the temple, in Solomon’s porch or colonnade,[26] a gathering place used by the early church (see Acts 3:11 and 5:12) located on the eastern side of the temple.[27]
The believers beyond the Jordan
The chapter ends with Jesus evading Jewish attempts to stone him (John 10:31,39) and then leaving Jerusalem (John 10:40) and traveling "beyond the Jordan to the place where John was baptizing at first" (
See also
- Hanukkah
- Jerusalem
- Jesus Christ
- John the Baptist
- Jordan River
- Solomon's Porch
- Trinitarian indwelling (related to John 10:38)
- Related Bible parts: Psalm 23, Psalm 82, Ezekiel 34
References
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
- ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ^ a b c "Biblical concordances of John 10 in the 1611 King James Bible".
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 839. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Authorised Version
- ^ John 10:6, New King James Version and God's Word Translation
- ^ John 10:6, English Standard Version
- ^ Watkins, H. W. (1905), Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on John 10, accessed 17 May 2016
- ^ John 10:1: New International Version
- ^ John 10:1: Westcott-Hort New Testament
- ^ John 10:6: NIV
- ^ a b Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote b at John 10:6
- ^ a b c d Meyer, H. A. W. (1880), Meyer's NT Commentary on John 10, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 25 May 2019
- ^ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on John 10, accessed 12 August 2022
- ^ John 10:1: Amplified Bible
- ^ John 10:1: NKJV
- ^ Englishman's Concordance, accessed 18 May 2016
- ^ Gill, J., Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on John 10, accessed 18 May 2016
- ^ John 10:7: NKJV
- BibleGateway.com
- ^ Plummer, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on John 10, cf. Watkins, H. W., Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on John 10, both accessed 24 May 2016
- ^ John 10:21: NKJV
- ^ John 10:22: NKJV
- ^ Benson, J., Benson's Commentary on John 10, accessed 25 May 2019
- ^ John 10:23: NKJV
- ^ Plummer, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on John 10, accessed 15 August 2022. Note Plummer's reference to John 5:12 is errorneous
External links
- John 10 King James Bible - Wikisource
- "English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate".
- "Online Bible at GospelHall.org". (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- "Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway". (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
- "John 10 with interlinear text (GreeK-English)".
- "Interlinear (Greek/English) New Testament, translated word by word and with Greek grammar parsing codes".
Preceded by John 9 |
Chapters of the Bible Gospel of John |
Succeeded by John 11 |