List of ancient peoples of Anatolia

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Prehistory Prehistory of Anatolia Palaeolithic Anatolia c. 500,000–  10,000 BC Mesolithic Anatolia c. 11,000–  9,000 BC Neolithic Anatolia c. 8,000–  5,500 BC
Bronze Age Troy 3000–700 BC Hattians 2500–2000 BC Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 BC Luwians 2300–1400 BC Assyria 1950–1750 BC Kussara 1780–1680 BC Achaeans (Homer) 1700–1300 BC Kizzuwatna 1650–1450 BC Hittites 1680–1220 BC Arzawa 1500–1320 BC Mitanni 1500–1300 BC Hayasa-Azzi 1500–1290 BC Lycia 1450–350 BC Assuwa 1300–1250 BC Diauehi 1200–800 BC Neo-Hittites 1200–800 BC Phrygia 1200–700 BC Caria 1150–547 BC Tuwanuwa 1000–700 BC Ionia 1000–545 BC Urartu 859–595/585 BC
Iron Age Diauehi 1200–800 BC Neo-Hittites 1200–800 BC Phrygia 1200–700 BC Caria 1150–547 BC Doris 1100–560 BC Aeolis 1000–560 BC Tuwanuwa 1000–700 BC Ionia 1000–545 BC Urartu 859–595/585 BC Median Empire 678–549 BC Lydia 685–547 BC
Classical Age Classical Anatolia Classical Thrace Attalid kingdom 282–129 BC Galatia 281–64 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Armenian Empire 190 BC–428 AD Roman Republic 133–27 BC Commagene 163 BC–72 AD Ancient Rome 133 BC-27 BC–330 AD Sasanian Empire 224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
Medieval Anatolia Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468) Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501)
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Assyrians

Ancient Assyrians spoke multiple languages such as Akkadian language, Sumerian and Aramaic languages

Hattians

The Hattians occupied the land of Hatti in central Anatolia and are documented at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad (c. 2300 BC).^[1] Possibly connected to Northwest Caucasians.

Hurrians

• Mitanni (seem to have been Hurrian with an Indo-Aryan ruling class)
• Isuwans (seem to have been a mixed Anatolian, Hurrian, and Mitanni population)
• Kizzuwatnans
• Urartu (predecessors of the Armenians, they spoke a language similar to Hurrians)

Indo-European peoples

Anatolian peoples (Anatolian Indo-European)

Hittites

• Cappadocians also inhabited the West Pontus that originally was part of Cappadocia
  )
  • Amiseni? (inhabited Themiscyra district in West Pontus)
  • Kases? / Cases?
• Cataonians?

Luwians

• Carians
• Cilicians
• Isaurians
• Leleges?
• Lycaonians
• Lycians
• Philistines? - notably inhabited Palestine; their inclusion here is tenuous as they may have had an Anatolian origin
• Pisidians, in the inland, were the same people and spoke the same language, the difference was that Anatolian Pamphylians were more Greek influenced since Iron Age) (there was an Anatolian Pamphylian dialect, part of the Pisidian language, and a Pamphylian Greek dialect, part of Ancient Greek, depending on the degree of Hellenization
  )
  • Homanades (Homana or Homona
    was their main settlement)
• Sidians
• Solymi
  • Milyae
• Telchines?

Western Anatolian

• Lydians
  • Kaystrianoi / Caystriani
  • Kilbianoi / Cilbiani

• Trojans

Palaic peoples

• Paphlagonians?
  • Caucones? / Kaukauni?
  • Heneti?
  • Mariandyni?

Possible Anatolian (Indo-European) peoples

• Phrygia Hellespontica, however they probably had a mixing with an Anatolian people closer to the Lydians
  that would explain contradictory statements by ancient authors)
  • Milatai? / Milatae?
• Isuwans? (seem to have been a mixed Anatolian, Hurrian, and Mitanni population)

Armenians

Celts

Galatians

• Tectosages
• Tolistobogii / Tolistobogioi
• Trocmi / Trokmoi
• Aigosages, between Troy and Cyzicus
• Daguteni, in modern Marmara region around Orhaneli
• Inovanteni, east of the Trocnades
• Okondiani, between Phrygia and Galatia northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü
• Rigosages, unlocated

Greeks

• Central-Eastern Greeks
  • Central Greeks
    • Aeolians
  • Eastern Greeks
    • Ahhiyawa by the Hittites
      )
    • Ionians
• Western Greeks
  • Dorians

Persians

Phrygians

• Kaourkoi / Caurci?
• Fontes?

Mysians

• Phrygia Hellespontica, however they probably had a mixing with an Anatolian people closer to the Lydians
  that would explain contradictory statements by ancient authors)
  • Milatai? / Milatae?

Thracians

Bithynians

Thynians

Possible Indo-European peoples

Hayasa-Azzi

• Proto-Armenians
  ?)
• Proto-Armenians
  ?)

Mushki

• Mushki
  • Western Mushki (synonymous of the Phrygians? and related Mysians?)
  • Proto-Armenians
    ?)
    • Moschi-Mossynoeci
      • Sakartvelo
        )
      • Sakartvelo
        )

Urumu

• Urumu (Proto-Armenians?), allied with Mushki and Kaskians, possibly Arimi of Greek sources and Arme/Urme/Armini of Urartian sources

Tibareni

• Scythian
  origin)

Diauehi

• Mentioned by Assyrians as one of the
  Mush regions, later mentioned by Urartians in the vicinity of Kars Province
  , probably the Taochoi of Greek sources

Kartvelian peoples

Colchians

• Byzeres (The name of the historical region Odzrkhe is derived from the name of this tribe - Vidzerukh / Viterukh / Odzr(a)khe / Odzrkhe)
• Drilae / Sanni
  • Zans
    )
  • Zans
    )
• Machelones-Macrones
  • Machelones (closely related to the Macrones)
  • Macrones (ancestors of present-day Mingrelians)
• Marres
• Phasians
• Zydretae

Possible Kartvelian peoples

Eastern Mushki

• Moschi-Mossynoeci
  • Sakartvelo
    )
  • Sakartvelo
    )

Tibareni

• Scythian
  origin)

Kaskians

Possibly connected to Hattians and/or Northwest Caucasians.

See also

• List of ancient peoples of Italy
• Ancient regions of Anatolia

References

Further reading

• Steadman, Sharon R.; McMahon, Gregory (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE).
  ISBN 978-0195376142
  .