List of short species names
Living organisms are known by
binomial names can vary greatly in length, and some can be very short; genus or species names composed of only one letter are not allowed by any of the nomenclature codes, but any combination of two letters and above can be valid if it has not been previously used. This list of shortest species names lists the scientific binomials with the fewest letters.[1] The longest scientific species names can be found in the List of long species names
.
4 letters
- †bats, which enabled the animal to glide between trees. The name is derived from Mandarin Chinese (翼 yì and 奇 qí, pronounced "ee chee"), meaning "strange wing".[6]
5 letters
- Foa fo D. S. Jordan & Seale, 1905 - family Apogonidae. Known as weedy cardinalfish, this is a marine fish species of Indo-Pacific distribution, the type locality being the Philippines. Both the genus and species name derive from the word fo, Samoan for "cardinalfish".[9]
- Ja has been reclassified as a subgenus of Jujiroa, so its valid binomial name is currently Jujiroa ana (11 letters).[10][11]
6 letters
- ornithologist Grace Servat.[12]
- †Mongolian culture, often depicted with a rugose face and/or body, similar to the appearance of the preserved skull of the dinosaur.[13]
- Doto eo Ortea & Moro, 2014 - family Dotidae. A sea slug from the Canary Islands, Spain. Its specific epither derives "from the Latin eo, to move from one place to another, alluding to the pot warp on which it was collected, an unstable environment that facilitates the passive movement of the species."[14]
- skipper butterfly from Southeast Asia, the only species in genus Ge. No etymological explanation was given for its binomial name.[15]
- Araneidae. An orb-weaver spider from New Guinea. It was given its unusual specific name because, even after it was identified as a distinct species, it remained for years without a proper description and was referred to in several papers simply as Argiope "F".[16]
- Loa loa (Cobbold, 1864) – family Onchocercidae. A filarial nematode (roundworm) that causes a disease called Loa loa filariasis or loiasis, one of the so-called neglected diseases.[17] It is commonly known as the "African eye worm", as it localizes to the conjunctiva of the eye. It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in Ethiopia.[18] It was originally described as Dracunculus loa, "loa" being the native word for this worm in the Congo and Gabon, and later transferred to newly created genus Loa.[19]
- †Ol xiai Vršanský & Wang, 2017 - family Olidae. An extinct cockroach with pectinate antennae, known from Cretaceous Burmese amber. Ol means "writing" in Santali language. In addition, this combination of letters looks like "01", which is used for a common abbreviation of optical lithography. Species name xiai is named after researcher Fangyuan Xia.[20]
- Latin for "torch" or "flame", referring to "its dense, spike-like inflorescence which resembles a torch with ascending tongues of flame".[21] While the name Poa fax is accepted as valid by Flora of Australia,[22] and some databases reflect this, such as POWO,[23] WCSP[24] and FloraBase,[25] other sources such as Tropicos,[26] WFO[27] and GrassBase[28] consider it a synonym, superseded by Neuropoa fax (J.H.Willis & Court) Clayton.[29]
- Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822) – family Cyprinidae. The Tor mahseer of red-finned mahseer is a commercially important freshwater fish found in streams all over South Asia. It was originally described as Cyprinus tor; its species name derives from tora, a local name in the Ganges basin for mahseers. Subsequently, it was transferred to newly created genus Tor.[30][31]
7 letters
- orchids that grow in the Andes. Genus Aa was erected in 1854 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, apparently with the intention that it would always appear first in alphabetical listings. Another - disputed - explanation is that Reichenbach named this genus after Pieter van der Aa; the printer of the Dutch botanist Paul Hermann's Paradisus Batavus.[32]
- Acer yui W. P. Fang (1934) - family Sapindaceae. An uncommon species of maple found only in the Gansu and Sichuan Provinces in western China.[33][34]
- Carabidae. Nine more species of Agra beetles, found in Central and South America. Agra bci is named after Barro Colorado Island, the type locality for this species. Agra dax is named after the Star Trek character Jadzia Dax, played by actress Terry Farrell. Agra ega is named after the former name of Tefé, the type locality for this species. Agra liv is named after actress Liv Tyler. Agra max is named after entomologist Max Liebke.[35][36][37][38][12]
- Osphronemidae. A species of fighting fish found in well-shaded peat forest blackwater swamps and creeks in Thailand and Malaysia. The specific epithet comes from the Greek letter pi, as an allusion to the shape of its throat marking.[39]
- Car pini Lea, 1911 - family Caridae. An Australian weevil found on pine trees, hence the specific epithet pìni.[40]
- Cis afer Fåhræus, 1871, Cis fagi Waltl, 1839 and Cis leoi Lopes-Andrade, Gumier-Costa & Zacaro, 2003 - family Ciidae. Cis is a genus of minute tree-fungus beetles found all over the world. Cis afer, from South Africa (afer is Latin for "African"), is only known from the type specimens and no other record of it exists.[41][42] In the case of Cis fagi, from Europe, its specific epithet alludes to its affinity to beech trees (genus Fagus), though it also occurs in many other types of trees, such as aspens, birches, oaks, willows, etc.[43][44] Cis leoi, from Brazil, is dedicated to Léo Falqueto Vaz-de-Mello, the then-recently born son of a couple of colleagues of the scientists that described it.[45]
- Copa kei Haddad, 2013 - family Corinnidae. A spider in the genus Copa found in South Africa. The epithet comes from its type locality: the town of Kei Mouth on the Great Kei River.[46]
- Cora imi Lücking, Chaves & Lawrey (2016) - family Hygrophoraceae. A rare species of basidiolichen from Costa Rica, known only from the type collection, which was found at an altitude of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft) in the Los Santos Forest Reserve in Cerro de la Muerte. The specific epithet imi is an acronym for the International Mycological Institute.[47]
- Doa dora Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894 - family Doidae. A moth found in Mexico, including Baja California and Guadalajara.
- Doto kya Er. Marcus, 1961 and Doto uva Er. Marcus, 1955 - family Dotidae. Two sea slugs, the first from the North American Pacific coast, the second found in Ilhabela, Brazil. The epithet kya derives from a folklore name for a seal; uva, Latin for "grape", probably refers to the characteristic cerata of genus Doto, which resemble bunches of grapes.[48][49]
- Yoruba deities or orishas: Yewa, who represents the gift of divination and intuition, as well as mutations, transformations and the perception of what is beautiful and what is ugly; and Ọya, who commands the winds, lightning and storms. These epithets were given as a tribute to women and to Brazilian black culture.[51]
- pirate spiders that hunt other spiders. The first one lives in Brazil and the second one is a fossil species found in Eocene Baltic amber.[52][53]
- †Han solo Turvey, 2005 - family Diplagnostidae. A fossil trilobite from the Ordovician of China. According to the original publication, the generic name Han is a reference to the Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in China; and the specific epithet solo refers to the fact that the species is the youngest Diplagnostidae fossil found to that date, suggesting that it was the last surviving member of that family. However, Samuel Turvey has stated elsewhere that he named it after Han Solo because some friends dared him to name a species after a Star Wars character.[54][55]
- Hoia hoi Avdeev & Kazachenko, 1986 - family Chondracanthidae. A parasitic copepod found in the gills of some species of goosefish from the Pacific Ocean. Both the generic and specific names honor Dr. Ju-Shei Ho of California State University.[56]
- Ips.
- †Mei long Xu & Norell, 2004 - family Troodontidae. A duck-sized feathered dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China. Its binomial name (Chinese 寐 mèi and 龍 lóng), means "sleeping dragon". Like Yi qi, it was named by prolific Chinese paleontologist Xu Xing.[60]
- Mini mum Scherz et al., 2019 - family Microhylidae. The type species of the genus Mini, which are extremely small (8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in)) frogs endemic to Madagascar, among the smallest vertebrates known to science.
- montane forests and arable land. Mus and bufo are Latin for "mouse" and "toad", respectively. It was originally described as Leggada bufo, but genus Leggada was subsequently synonymised with Mus.[61]
- †Omma lii Jarzembowski, Wang & Zheng, 2017 - family Ommatidae. A fossil beetle found in Cretaceous Burmese amber. The species name is after its collector, Mr. Jun Li from Jinan, China.[62]
- ichthyologist Tokiharu Abe.[63] It was subsequently transferred to genus Pao, which derives from the local name of pufferfishes in Thai and Lao languages, pla pao and pa pao, respectively, with pla and pa meaning "fish", and pao meaning "purse".[64]
- pizza pie"), and others such as Pieza deresistans (pièce de résistance), Pieza kake ("piece of cake") and Pieza rhea ("pizzeria").[65]
- taxonomic revision. The stated etymology is that "The name eu, treated as a noun in apposition, is based on the Greek prefix meaning 'true' or 'good', a reference to the fact that the species is valid”;[66]however, it is believed that in this case he again was engaging in some jocular wordplay (its pronunciation would be similar to "piss on you").
- Poa alta Hitchc., Poa anae Tovar, Poa cita Edgar, Poa maia Edgar and Poa orba N.G.Walsh - family Poaceae. Another five species of grass of the genus Poa. The specific epithet alta, Latin for "tall", refers to this species being "unusually tall, with elongate blades."[67] Poa anae is named after botanist Ana Crespo.[68] The epithet cita, Latin for "quick, swift", refers to the rapid growth of this species, known as silver tussock or wī. Poa maia is named after Maia, one of the stars in the Pleiades. The epithet of Poa orba derives from orbus, Latin for "orphan", and "alludes to its long rejection as an indigenous plant by [local] botanists, and also to its unclear phylogenetic relationship to other native Poa species."[69][70]
- †Sus houi Qi et al., 1999 and †Sus peii Han, 1987 – family Suidae. Two extinct species of pigs from the Pleistocene of China and Taiwan. The specific name peii honours Chinese paleontologist Pei Wenzhong.
- Tor ater Roberts, 1999 - family Cyprinidae. Another species in the aforementioned genus of freshwater fish Tor. Ater means "dark" in Latin and refers to the dark coloration of this mahseer, which is found in Laos.[71]
- Ytu zeus Reichardt, 1973 - family Torridincolidae. A Brazilian beetle, the type species of genus Ytu (Guaraní for "cascade, waterfall"), and one of many in this genus named after ancient Greek deities; as type species, it takes the name of Zeus, king of the gods of Olympus.[72]
- word for the plant, mahiz.
Notes
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