Our Lady of Consolation

La Madonna della Consolazione (1497) by Pietro Perugino. Oil on canvas. Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria

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Our Lady of Consolation or Mary, Comforter of the Afflicted (

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History

The origin of this invocation is derived from the

In congregations of the Augustinian Order, the "Augustinian Rosary" is sometimes called the "Crown of Our Mother of Consolation". The traditional depiction of Our Mother of Consolation in Augustinian houses show Mary holding the

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Archconfraternity

The oldest and most celebrated of these

The confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation was founded in 1495 in Bologna, Italy. In 1575 both confraternities merged in a single Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture.^[6] Other similar confraternities were aggregated to the Archconfraternity in Bologna.^[8]

The annual feast of the Archconfraternity is 4 September.^[9] Members are obliged to wear a black leather belt, to fast on the vigil of the feast of Saint Augustine and to recite daily the "Little Rosary of Our Lady of Consolation" which is composed of thirteen couplets of beads. The essential prayers to be said are Our Father and Hail Mary repeated thirteen times after which is recited the Hail Holy Queen.^[10]

For the erection of and reception into this archconfraternity, special faculties must be had from the prior general. The headquarters of the society is the Church of Sant'Agostino, Rome where the body of Saint Monica lies.^[5]

Marian Cult and Veneration

The feast of Our Lady of Consolation is observed in several

within orders or religious institutes.

• The Order of Saint Augustine observe it on September 4.^[11]
• The Order of Friars Minor Conventual observe it on May 25^[1]
• The
  Order of Saint Benedict
  on July 5.

In Malta, the feast is celebrated on the last Sunday of October with pyrotechnic displays by Our Lady of Consolation Fireworks Factory.^[12] The Feast Day in Rome for Our Lady of Consolation is January 31; in the United States it is the Saturday after the Feast of Saint Augustine (August 28).

Argentina

Pope Benedict XVI granted a decree of canonical coronation for the venerated 17th—century image of Our Lady of Consolation in Sumampa, Argentina, on 21 November 2009.

Belgium

Pope Pius X granted a decree of pontifical coronation on 19 June 1907 towards a Pietà image dating from 1535 in the Franciscan church of Leuven. The image, also known as "Our Lady of Koorts" or "Our Lady of Fever" due to its longstanding claim to heal the sick, was renamed Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted by popular demand.^[13]

France

Stanbrook Abbey was founded in 1623 at Cambrai as the monastery of "Our Lady of Consolation", for English Catholic expatriates.

• Pope Innocent X encouraged the namesake devotion by establishing a French confraternity in 1652.
• Pope Pius IX granted a canonical coronation to an image with the namesake in Verdelais on 2 July 1856.
• Hyeres
  on 21 June 1909.
• Pope Pius XI raised the shrine in Verdelais to the status of Minor basilica via the Pontifical decree Exstat in Civitate on 1 February 1924.

The dioceses of Vannes, Valence, Montpelier, Laval, Nantes, Périgueux, Tours and many others, dedicated churches or chapels to Our Lady of Consolation.^[14]

Germany

Our Lady Comforter of the Afflicted is venerated in the Marian Basilica of Kevelaer. In 1642 a copperplate engraving, representing Our Lady of Luxembourg, was installed in a sanctuary erected the same year. It is one of the best visited Catholic pilgrimage locations in north-western Europe.

• indulgences
  on 24 August 1740.
• Pope Gregory XVI — extended more titles to the image on 14 June 1840.
• Pope Leo XIII — granted a decree of pontifical coronation on 20 July 1890 and was crowned on 1 June 1892.
• Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Gasparri
  .
• Pope John Paul II — visited the shrine on 2 May 1987.^[15]

Italy

In Turin

A church at the site, probably dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, stood adjacent to the ancient Roman walls of the city. Pious legends claim that Saint

.

(Bologna).

Minor Basilica

on 7 April 1906. He later issued the decree Virginis a Consolatione Templum for this shrine which approved the Archconfraternity of the namesake devotion on 25 July 1912.

A famed

In the 20th century, the rector of the Santuario della Consolata, Giuseppe Allamano, founded the Congregation of Clerics of Consolata Missionaries in 1902. These Christian missionaries later brought the Marian devotion the negroid peoples of Africa.

In the Palatine Hill

Madonna and Child (circa 1385) venerated in Santa Maria della Consolazione in the Palatine Hill, Rome. Pope Urban VIII

crowned this image on 7 December 1634.

Another namesake image in Rome is enshrined since 23 June 1385, a condemned prisoner named Giordanello degli Alberini was in the Campidoglio waiting to be executed, entrusts his testamentary dispositions to the Roman notary Pietro Mancini. Among which he donates two gold florins to have an image of the Madonna painted to be placed in the place of executions in front of the gallows, next to "Santa Maria delle Grazie under Mount Campidoglio". The painting was created and placed on the wall of some barns of the Mattei family in Vico Jugario. It represents the Virgin seated with the child standing on her knees in the act of benediction and supporting her globe. The image was restored and repainted by the Roman artisan Antoniazzo Romano several times in 1465.

In 7 June 1470, the purported miracle of the Virgin Mary took place. According to Giovanni Antonio Bruzio, on that road corresponding to the ancient vico iugario there were the granaries of the Mattei Roman patricians. In their portico there was an image of the Holy Virgin, to whom a pious mother recommended herself, whose innocent son had been imprisoned and sentenced to death for evildoings, the Virgin told him, consoling her, that her son would not die, but miraculously saved from the forces. After this the faithful often offered gifts to this image and it was entrusted to the confraternity of Santa Maria in Portico. Near those granaries there was also a small hospital, near which a namesake church, the Santa Maria della Consolazione was later built.

Pope Sixtus V recognized the pious association under this Marian title on 3 June 1585 and issued a Pontifical decree titled Licet ex Debito which elevated their status to an Archconfraternity.

Pope Urban VIII further approved the venerated image recognized by the Vatican Chapter, which was promoted by Count Alessandro Sforza and Pontifically crowned on 7 December 1634.^[17]

In Reggio Calabria

The devotion started when the

, Girolamo Cancelli invited twelve friars of the Order of Capuchins to the site donated by the Italian nobleman Giovanni Bernardo Mileto where an existing smaller statue of the "Madonna of Consolation" was already enshrined. They finished a cloister in 1569 using the new rules of the Franciscan Order.

The Italian nobleman Lord Camillo Diano tasked the artisan Nicolò Andrea Capriolo in 1547 to make a larger image under this title. The canvas depicts Mary seated on a throne holding the

and Christian book while a pair of Angels crown the head of the Madonna.

According to pious legend, this large painting mysteriously disappeared from its original place in

and built a church on the exact site where the icon had appeared. The image remains today in what is known as the Basilica of Our Lady of Consolation in Eremo, Calabria. The first organized procession was recorded in 1636. The local townspeople decorated the image with silver crowns on their own accord on 10 November 1693 in thanksgiving for the earthquake relief in January 1693. These crowns are now located on the backside panel of the framed image.

Pope Innocent XIII granted the image a canonical coronation on 15 September 1722 with ornate crowns offered by the Vatican Chapter, currently installed on the image.

The local government further decreed the Marian title as their city patroness on 26 August 1752. The church was originally dedicated to Saint

but the enshrinement of the image dedicated it to the Madonna by popular demand. It was completely damaged due to earthquake in 1908 and was rebuilt in 1965. A new altar was made and modern bronze panels were crafted by Italian artist Alessandro Monteleone (1897—1967).

via the decree Rhegium Urbs on 28 November 1971. The image was stolen from its shrine on 17 August 1982 but was returned a few days later due to public outcry.

In Salerno

Another image was honored a canonical coronation by Pope Pius X decreeing the coronation on 16 July 1905. The rite of coronation was executed on 1 October 1906 for the image venerated in the Church of Our Lady of Consolation in San Valentino Torio.

Japan

The Augustinian church located in the Shiroyama district of

Luxembourg

The devotion to Our Lady of

in 1624 and led to the election of Our Lady as the protectress of the city in 1666 and of the duchy in 1678.

After the destruction of the old pilgrimage chapel at the time of the French Revolution, the namesake statue of Our Lady of Luxembourg was moved to the high altar of the former Church of Saint Peter, today renamed as the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg City.^[19]

Statues depicting her can be found in niches in buildings throughout the city of Luxembourg.

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This devotion was later expanded in 1875 to Carey, Ohio, United States where a basilica enshrines a namesake statue today.

Malta

In the 1700s, members of the Augustinian Order introduced the devotion to Our Lady of Consolation to the island of Malta. On 1 December 1722, the Prior General of the Augustinian Order, Thomas Cervioni, issued the decree for the erection of the Confraternity of Our Lady of Consolation in the Church of Saint Mark, operated by the Augustinian Order at Rabat, Malta.

By this time the pious custom of asking for the final benediction before death in the name of this Marian title became very popular, and the friars were given a dispensation to leave the monastery at any time to confer it. Eventually, Marian processions were suspended during the French occupation of 1798 to discourage the gathering of crowds.^[21]

A venerated namesake image is enshrined at the Church of Saint Augustine in

receiving the Holy Cincture. The image was painted in 1786 by the Maltese artisan Hermenegildus Grech.

The Philippines

In Manila

Pious accounts claim that the image arrived sometime in the 17th century. Accordingly in 1607, the Confraternity of the Cofradia de la Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion y Correa was founded in

On 13 February 2004, the original image of the

In Palawan

The Marian devotion in Cuyo, Palawan began when the namesake image is brought by the Augustinian Recollects in 1623. Pious claims of a Marian apparition about a woman being seen along the scenic shore of Capusan, near the fortress parochial church. It is said by the town's Gurang Gurangs that the said woman have wavy long hair and that she carries with her a young boy by her side. On checking the retablo inside the church, they would later find out that the image of Our Lady of Consolation atop the altar was missing. The image was episcopally crowned on 27 August 2022, coinciding with the fourth centenary of Christianity in the island of Palawan.^[25]

In Bulacan

Paombong, Bulacan

The town of

, the Cofradia de la Nuestra Señora de la Consolación y Correa was established in Paombong to further strengthen the devotion, with its feast being celebrated every first Sunday of September. In 1988, the image was proclaimed as the Secondary Patroness. However, the devotion faced a decline with the death of most of the Cofradia's members.

Another contributing factor of the decline was when it was discovered that the image was made of ivory when a finger of the Child Jesus was broken. Out of fear of theft and for safekeeping measures, the image was kept in a well guarded glass altar-vault and it remained there for decades since 1993. To compensate the religious devotees, a replica was commissioned for processions and other parish functions. On 28 December 2019, the original image was re—introduced to public veneration and a pending application submitted towards an episcopal coronation.^[26][27]

Poland

Several images of the

.

• Pope John XXIII — granted a decree of coronation for Nowy Sącz on 10 August 1963.
• Pope Paul VI — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
  • in Dąbrówka Kościelna, canonically crowned on 15 June 1969.
  • In Golina, canonically crowned on 23 August 1970.^[28]
  • In Szamotuły, canonically crowned on 20 September 1970.^[29]
  • In Jodłowa, canonically crowned on 31 August 1975.
  • In the Parish of the Nativity of
    Stara Blotnica
    , canonically crowned on 21 August 1977.
• Pope John Paul II — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
  • In Orchówek crowned by pontifical decree on 2 September 1990.^[30]
  • In Pasierbiec, canonically crowned on 28 August 1993.^[31]
  • In the Franciscan Church and monastery of Gniezno, image canonically crowned on 3 June 1997.^[32]
  • In the Church of the Annunciation of Miedzna, icon under the title "Comforter of the Afflicted", canonically crowned on 22 June 1997.^[33]
  • In the Church of the Holy Trinity in Lubiszewo Tczewskie, canonically crowned on 31 August 1997.^[34]
  • In the Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria of Kraków, image canonically crowned on 9 December 2000 (Great Jubilee Year).^[35]
• Pope Francis — granted a decree of coronation for the namesake Marian images:
  • In Wiele, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Calvary chapel, which was canonically crowned on 28 May 2017.^[36]
  • In Kombornia, canonically crowned on 11 June 2017.^[37]
  • In the Sea Basilica of Gdynia, image canonically crowned on 12 June 2022.^[38]

Spain

In Utrera, Sevilla

The venerated image of Our Lady of Consolation is a small carving of the seated virgin in the late Byzantine style, which dates back to the end of the 14th century, although its external appearance was later modified to adapt it to the tastes of the baroque prevailing in lower Andalusia.

Pope Paul VI signed the formal decree officially granting the canonical coronation of the statue on 7 July 1963. Within less than a year, the rite of coronation was executed on 1 May 1964 at the Plaza del Altozano.^[39]

Pope John Paul II later issued a Pontifical decree Populum et Fideles Christianorum on 7 March 1989 declaring this Marian title as the official city patroness of Utrera.^[40]

In Valdepeñas, Ciudad Real

According to pious legend, the original Marian image was discovered in 1212, when the province of La Mancha was reconquered after the Christian victory in Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa and a chapel was later built in her honor. The rite of coronation was formally executed on 1 June 2019.^[41]

United Kingdom

The

.

Pope Leo XIII granted this venerated image a decree of pontifical coronation on 12 July 1893.^[14]

United States of America

In 1848, Luxembourgish immigrants began to settle in the area around Dacada, Wisconsin. The eldest statue of Our Lady of Consolation in the United States was brought by a Luxembourg immigrant, Anna Margaret Deppiesse, in 1849 and later donated to Saint Nicholas Church.^[42]

During the

One of the two main celebrations held each year in the Tacony section of Philadelphia were Our Lady of Consolation's Feast Day Parade. (The other is Memorial Day.) Each July statues of the saints were paraded through the streets of the neighborhood.^[44]

.

Venezuela

A namesake image dating from the sixteenth century is also enshrined in

is framed in solid gold with jewels donated by pious Marian devotees from the country.

Associations to film

In the fictionalized film Elizabeth (1998), Queen Mary I of England requests her cousin the Princess Elizabeth I, the retention of the Catholic Church as the state religion after her death, mentioning the "Consolations of the Blessed Virgin, (their) Holy Mother" with a Marian statue of the namesake image featured in the background.

Gallery

• 
  The Gnadenbild venerated at the Gnadenkapelle of the Basilica of Kevalaer, Germany.
• 
  Image of Our Lady of Consolation above the High altar in Orchówek
• 
  Our Lady of Consolation of the Afflicted in Miedzna
• 
  The crowned icon venerated in Gdynia

References