Panaeolus cyanescens

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Panaeolus cyanescens
Panaeolus cyanescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Bolbitiaceae
Genus: Panaeolus
Species:
P. cyanescens
Binomial name
Panaeolus cyanescens
(
Sacc.
Range of Panaeolus cyanescens
Synonyms

Agaricus cyanescens
Copelandia anomala
Copelandia cyanescens
Copelandia papilonacea
Copelandia westii

Panaeolus cyanescens
saprotrophic
Edibility is psychoactive

Panaeolus cyanescens[1] is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. Panaeolus cyanescens is a common psychoactive mushroom and is similar to Panaeolus tropicalis.

Description

  • Cap: 1.5 – 4 cm across, dry, at first hemispheric, expanding to campanulate to convex, with an incurved margin when young. Young caps start out light brown and fade to off-white or light gray at maturity, sometimes with yellowish or brownish tones. Often developing cracks in dry weather, slightly hygrophanous, turning greenish or blue where damaged.
  • Gills: Broadly adnate to adnexed attachment, close, starting out gray and turning black as the spores mature. Gill faces with a mottled appearance, edges white.
  • Spores: Jet Black, 12 - 15 x 7 - 11
    µm
    , smooth, opaque, elliptical. With a germ pore.
  • Stipe: 7 – 12 cm long by 2 to 3 mm thick, equal to slightly enlarged at the base, pruinose, colored like the cap, staining blue where bruised.
  • Taste: Farinaceous.
  • Odor: Farinaceous.
  • Microscopic features: Basidia 4 spored, pleurocystidia fusoid-ventricose, cheilocystidia 12 x 4
    µm
    .

Distribution and habitat

Panaeolus cyanescens is a

Brasil, Borneo, the Caribbean (Bermuda, Grenada, (Barbados, granyte) Jamaica, Trinidad), Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, India, Malaysia, Indonesia (including Sumatra), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Japan, Mexico, Oceania (including Fiji and Samoa), the Philippines, South America (including Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador), South Korea, Tasmania, and the United States (California, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, Texas, Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina
).

Alkaloid content

Laussmann & Sigrid Meier-Giebing (2010) reported the presence of psilocybin at 2.5% and psilocin at 1.194% average from 25 samples seized by German customs that were shipments from commercial growers (making modern commercially cultivated strains of this species the most potent hallucinogenic mushrooms ever described in reputable published research).[3] Other researchers have documented a significant presence of serotonin and urea in this species as well as the presence of baeocystin which may also be psychoactive.[4][5]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5
    .
  2. ^ Gastón Guzmán; John W. Allen; Jochen Gartz (1998). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto (14): 189–280. (on Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto)
  3. PMID 20047807
    .
  4. PMID 17342589
    .
  5. ^ Stijve, Tjakko. “Psilocin, psilocybin, serotonin and urea in Panaeolus cyanescens from various origin.” Persoonia 15 (1992): 117-121.

Bibliography

  • Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
    ISBN 0-9610798-0-0
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panaeolus_cyanescens&oldid=1219672960"