Pavlyuk uprising

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Pavlyuk uprising
Date1637–1638
Location
Ukraine
Result Polish-Lithuanian victory
Belligerents
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossacks
Commanders and leaders
Mikołaj Potocki Pavlo Pavliuk  Executed
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The Pavlyuk uprising of 1637 was a

Ostrzanin Uprising
, also defeated by the Commonwealth.

History

It is unclear what sparked the rebellion. Most likely it was the social tension between the "Blacks", or poor peasants of the Right-Bank Ukraine, and mighty magnates like

pańszczyzna onto local plebeians, which rose tensions to record levels.[2] Another reason for dissent was the number of Registered Cossacks on royal payroll, considered too small by many poor inhabitants of the region.[3]

One of the leaders of the "Blacks", or poor peasants and non-registered Cossacks,

Sulima Uprising of 1635, but was pardoned when he promised not to rise arms against the Commonwealth again.[2]

He defeated the leader of the Registered Cossacks, Vasil Tumulenko, captured a large artillery park and proclaimed himself the new hetman of all Cossacks.[2] He also issued a proclamation to "all Christians" urging them to join his ranks, exploiting all possible sources of dissent in the area, from religious differences, to the defence of "golden liberties", supposedly being violated by the szlachta.[4] The new Cossack uprising was to be quelled by hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, however his declining health made the king offer the bulawa to hetman Mikołaj Potocki instead.[4]

On 3 July 1637 Pavlyuk arrived at

tsar of Muscovy and to İnayet Giray, the khan of Crimea.[4] His efforts at securing outside help proved equally unsuccessful.[4]


Eventually the forces of the

Cherkassy, in what became known as the battle of Kumeyki.[4] Inexperienced Cossacks overextended their wagon fort and their lines were easily pierced by experienced soldiers such as Samuel Łaszcz.[5] The battle, while disastrous for the Registered Cossacks who were killed almost to the last man,[6] was victorious for the Polish side and the Cossacks retreated in disarray, while Pavlyuk was captured.[6]

The remaining bands of armed Cossacks were soon defeated and "pushed back into the holes they crawled from", as one contemporary author put it.

Taśmina Rivers.[7] The Polish commander in chief gave his word to the defeated Cossacks that both ordinary soldiers and their leader would be spared.[8] In return, the Cossacks surrendered their arms and their remaining leaders.[4] The person to sign the agreement in the name of the Cossacks was Bohdan Khmelnytsky who 11 years later led the largest Cossack uprising against the Commonwealth.[8]

Aftermath

The agreement at Borowica was soon broken by both sides. Pavlyuk was soon afterwards brought to Warsaw, tried by the king and executed for

Rebellion of Ostrzanin and Hunia the following summer was drowned in blood as well.[9]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Franz (2006), p. 196
  2. ^ a b c d Franz (2006), p. 194
  3. ^ Franz (2005), pp. 46-54
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Franz (2006), p. 197
  5. ^ Franz (2005), p. 44
  6. ^ a b c Franz (2005), p. 50
  7. ^ Franz (2006), p. 63
  8. ^ a b c Franz (2005), p. 54
  9. ^ Urwanowicz, pp. 127-128

Bibliography

  • Maciej Franz (2005). Benon Miśkiewicz (ed.). "Powstanie kozackie 1637 roku i bitwa pod Kumejkami w polskiej historiografii wojskowej" [The Cossack uprising of 1637 and the Battle of Kumejki in light of Polish military historiography]. Studia z dziejów polskiej historiografii wojskowej (in Polish). 9 (65). Poznań: Wydawnictwo naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza.
    ISSN 1234-2041
    .
  • Maciej Franz (2006). Idea państwa kozackiego na ziemiach ukrainnych w XVI-XVII wieku [The idea of a Cossack state in the Borderlands in 16th and 17th centuries] (in Polish). Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
    ISBN 9788374415460
    .
  • Jerzy Urwanowicz (1996). "Wojskowe ʺsejmikiʺ koła w wojsku Rzeczypospolitej XVI-XVIII wieku" [Military Sejmiks in the armed forces of the Commonwealth between 16th and 18th century]. Rozprawy Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (in Polish). 446. Białystok: Dział Wydawnictw Filii UW w Białymstoku.
    ISBN 8386423447
    .
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