Peter Mandelson
Lord Temporal | |
---|---|
Assumed office 13 October 2008 Life peerage | |
Member of Parliament for Hartlepool | |
In office 9 April 1992 – 8 September 2004 | |
Preceded by | Ted Leadbitter |
Succeeded by | Iain Wright |
Personal details | |
Born | Peter Benjamin Mandelson 21 October 1953 Hendon, Middlesex, England |
Political party | |
Spouse |
Reinaldo Avila da Silva
(m. 2023) |
Relatives | Herbert Morrison (grandfather) |
Alma mater | St Catherine's College, Oxford |
Signature | |
Peter Benjamin Mandelson, Baron Mandelson
From 1985 to 1990, Mandelson served as Labour's
Mandelson was one of several key people responsible for the rebranding of the Labour Party as New Labour before its victory in the 1997 election.[4][5] He was twice forced to resign from the Cabinet before leaving Parliament to take up an appointment as a European Commissioner. He later rejoined the Cabinet for a third time after being created a life peer, sitting on the Labour benches in the House of Lords. He is the only person to have held the position of First Secretary of State as a Peer.[6] Mandelson has been described as having a "significant influence" on the office of Labour Party leader Keir Starmer and as a "core part" of his network.[7][8]
Early life
Family
Peter Mandelson was born in
Mandelson was raised in Hampstead Garden Suburb. He says of his childhood – "my whole upbringing was framed around the Suburb – my friendships and values".[14]
Education
Mandelson attended Garden Suburb School,[12] and between 1965 and 1972, Hendon County Grammar School.[4] In 1966 he appeared on stage with the local amateur theatre group, the Hampstead Garden Suburb Dramatic Society, as the eponymous lead in The Winslow Boy.[15]
During his teenage years he joined the
Early career
In the late 1970s he became Chairman of the
He was elected to
Mandelson then worked from 1982 to 1985 as a television producer at London Weekend Television on Weekend World, where he formed a friendship with his superior John (now Lord) Birt.[19][20]
Political career
Labour's Director of Communications
In 1985, the
In 1986 Mandelson ran the campaign at the Fulham by-election in which Labour defeated the Conservative Party.[22] For the 1987 election campaign, Mandelson commissioned film director Hugh Hudson, whose Chariots of Fire (1981) had won an Oscar as Best Picture, to make a party political broadcast promoting Neil Kinnock as a potential prime minister. Tagged "Kinnock – the Movie", it led to the party leader's approval rating being raised by 16%[23] or 19% in polls[24] and was even repeated in another PPB slot.[23] The election, held on 11 June 1987, returned Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives for the third time, although Labour gained 20 seats,[25] and, this time, convincingly pushed the SDP-Liberal Alliance into third place. Opponents termed the Labour Party's election campaign "a brilliantly successful election defeat".[24]
He ceased being a Labour Party official in 1990 when he was selected as Labour
As an MP
Mandelson was first elected to the House of Commons at the 1992 general election,[26] and made several speeches outlining his strong support for the European Union. Although sidelined during the brief period when John Smith led the party, Mandelson was by now close to two Shadow cabinet members – Gordon Brown and Tony Blair – each regarded as potential future leaders of the party.
Following Smith's sudden death on 12 May 1994, Mandelson chose to back Blair for the leadership, believing him to be a superior communicator to Brown
After becoming a close ally and trusted adviser to Tony Blair, Mandelson was Labour's election campaign director for the 1997 general election, which Labour won decisively.[31]
Minister without Portfolio
He was appointed as a
In July 1998 he was appointed to the Cabinet as
Mandelson bought a home in
In October 2000 it was reported that Robinson had "accused Peter Mandelson of lying to the Commons about the home loan affair that cost both of them their government jobs."[37][38]
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
He was out of the Cabinet for ten months. In October 1999 he was appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, replacing Mo Mowlam. In his very first speech in the post he mistakenly referred to himself as the "Secretary of State for Ireland".[39] During his tenure he oversaw the creation of the devolved legislative assembly and power-sharing executive and reform of the police service.
On 24 January 2001, Mandelson resigned from the Government for a second time, following accusations of using his position to influence a passport application.[40][41]
He had contacted Home Office Minister Mike O'Brien on behalf of Srichand Hinduja, an Indian businessman who was seeking British citizenship and whose family firm was to become the main sponsor of the "Faith Zone" in the Millennium Dome. At the time Hinduja and his brothers were under investigation by the Indian government for alleged involvement in the Bofors scandal.
Mandelson insisted he had done nothing wrong and was exonerated by an independent inquiry by Sir Anthony Hammond, which concluded that neither Mandelson nor anyone else had acted improperly.[citation needed]
At the 2001 general election Mandelson was challenged by Arthur Scargill of the Socialist Labour Party and by John Booth, a former Labour Party press officer standing as "Genuine Labour",[42] but Mandelson was re-elected with a large majority.[43] In his victory speech, Mandelson said: "It was said that I was facing political oblivion ... Well, they underestimated Hartlepool and they underestimated me because I am a fighter and not a quitter."[44]
Stepping down as MP
Despite Labour success in the June 2001 general election, a third Cabinet appointment did not materialise and he indicated his interest in becoming the United Kingdom's
European Commissioner
On 22 November 2004 Mandelson became Britain's European Commissioner, taking the trade portfolio.
In October 2008 he left his post as Trade Commissioner to return to UK politics. As a former EU Commissioner, Mandelson was entitled to a £31,000 pension upon reaching the age of 65 years. It was claimed by Christopher Hope of
The website Full Fact reported in 2019 that the claim was untrue, stating that while there are rules governing the conduct of current and former EU staff members, which can lead to pensions sanctions, the European Commission had informed them that it would be "probably impossible" for such people to lose their pension for criticising the EU or supporting Brexit. Full Fact also pointed out that there had been multiple cases of both current and ex-commissioners criticising the EU – in April 2019, German former Commissioner Günter Verheugen criticised the EU's Brexit negotiating position, saying "the problem is on the EU side", while in 2017 British former Commissioner Lord Hill had supported "getting on" with Brexit.[49]
Peerage and return to Cabinet
On 3 October 2008, as part of
Following his return to office, Mandelson supported the planned Heathrow expansion.[57] On 6 March 2009, environmental protester Leila Deen of anti-aviation group Plane Stupid approached him outside a summit on the government's low carbon industrial strategy and threw a cup of green custard in his face in protest over his support for a third runway at Heathrow Airport. The protester was cautioned on 9 April for causing "harassment, alarm or distress".[58][59]
In a Cabinet reshuffle on 5 June 2009 Mandelson was granted the honorific title of
Mandelson was a member of 35 of the 43 Cabinet committees and subcommittees.[62]
In August 2009 Mandelson was widely reported to have ordered "technical measures" such as internet disconnection to be included in the draft of the Digital Economy Act 2010 after a "big lobbying operation", even though the Digital Britain report had rejected this type of punishment.[63] The Independent reported that according to their Whitehall sources, Mandelson was persuaded that tough laws were needed to reduce online copyright infringement following an intensive lobbying campaign by influential people in the music and film industry.[64] The paper also reported that this included a meeting with DreamWorks co-founder David Geffen at the Rothschild family villa on the Greek island of Corfu. Mandelson's spokesperson claimed that there had been no discussion of internet piracy during the Corfu dinner and suggested that the decision to reverse Lord Carter's findings had been taken in late July before the trip. The Times reported after the Corfu meeting that an unnamed Whitehall source had confirmed that before this trip, Mandelson had shown little personal interest in the Digital Britain agenda, which has been ongoing for several years. According to the source of The Times, Mandelson returned from holiday and effectively issued an edict that the regulation needed to be tougher.[65]
In August 2011 a Freedom of Information (FOI) request showed that Mandelson had decided to approve the inclusion of technical measures, such as the disconnection of internet access, at least two months before public consultation had finished and that he had shown little interest in the consultation. Letters from Mandelson's office document talks with Lucian Grainge, CEO of Universal Music Group, on 2 June 2009 and that on the following day Mandelson advised Lord Carter about the "possibility of [the Secretary of State] having a power to direct Ofcom to go directly to introduce technical measures". Mandelson made the formal announcement that technical measures, including disconnection, were to be included in the Digital Economy Bill two months later on 7 August 2009.[66]
An opinion poll conducted by the centre-left think tank Compass found in March 2009 that Mandelson was less disliked by party members than Deputy Leader Harriet Harman. This was felt to be unusual as Mandelson "historically has been unpopular among Labour members".[67] Tony Blair's assertion in 1996 that "my project will be complete when the Labour Party learns to love Peter Mandelson"[68] was seen as prophetic in late September 2009 when Mandelson was enthusiastically received at the party conference in Brighton.[69]
Post-Cabinet career
After the Labour Party lost the 2010 general election, Mandelson's memoirs, The Third Man: Life at the Heart of New Labour, were published in July 2010, two months after leaving office.[70][71] The memoirs were subsequently criticised by Labour leadership contenders Ed and David Miliband and Andy Burnham.[72] During this time he was appointed President of the international think tank Policy Network.
In November 2010, Mandelson and Benjamin Wegg-Prosser founded Global Counsel, a consultancy firm based in London, with the financial support of WPP, the advertising giant.[73][74] The firm provides advice for corporate strategists and senior management worldwide. Mandelson has been criticised for so far not disclosing his clients.[75]
In 1999, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 Mandelson was an invited guest of the
In January 2011, it was announced that Mandelson would serve as a senior adviser to the advisory investment banking firm,
In May 2012, Mandelson confirmed that he was advising Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) in selling timber products to Europe. In 2012 APP was accused of illegal logging in Indonesia and damaging the habitats of rare animals such as the Sumatran tiger. At least 67 companies worldwide, such as Tesco and Kraft Foods since 2004 and Danone since 2012 have boycotted APP.[81][82][83]
In 2013, Mandelson was appointed to the revived post of
Labour leadership of Jeremy Corbyn
After the 2015 Labour leadership election resulted in Jeremy Corbyn becoming the party leader, Mandelson stated that he believed that Labour was now unelectable, but advised party members unhappy with the situation to wait for Corbyn to demonstrate this before working to replace him.[85] He wished for an early general election to force Corbyn out.[86] In February 2017, he said Corbyn had "no idea in the 21st century how to conduct himself as a leader of a party putting itself forward in a democratic election" and "I work every single day to bring forward the end of [Corbyn's] tenure in office".[87]
After the results of the 2017 general election became known, Mandelson conceded that Corbyn's election campaign was "very sure footed" and the result, in which Labour gained seats and denied the Conservatives a majority, unexpected.[88] "I was wrong" about Corbyn, he told BBC News. "I am very surprised, an earthquake has happened in British politics and I did not foresee it", although he doubted Corbyn's ability to gain a Commons majority.[89] Two years later, in the 2019 general election, Labour suffered their worst defeat since the 1930s.[90] Mandelson described the result as "not undeserved", arguing that Corbyn's leadership was one of the main reasons for Labour's defeat.[91]
Remain campaign
During the
Following the referendum, Mandelson was an outspoken supporter of a second referendum.[93]
WTO lobbying
After Roberto Azevêdo announced he would step down as Director-General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in September 2020, Mandelson declared his interest in running to succeed him. He proceeded to lobby governments around the world for the job,[94] arguing that the WTO had "reached a fork in the road" and had to be "picked up and put back on its feet".[95] Mandelson was overlooked in favour of the Conservative Liam Fox due to his opposition to Brexit.[96] His candidacy ended when Fox beat him to win the nomination of the UK government.[97]
Labour leadership of Keir Starmer
In 2021 it was reported that Mandelson had been advising Labour leader Keir Starmer on moving the party beyond Corbyn's leadership and broadening its electoral appeal.[98]
Controversies
During the
On 22 April 2005 The Times revealed that Mandelson had spent the previous New Year's Eve on the yacht of Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft, which was at the centre of a major EU investigation and although it did not allege impropriety, it did state that Mandelson's visit was inappropriate for a serving European Commissioner.[100]
During the summer of 2008 Mandelson had a widely publicised disagreement with Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France.[4] Sarkozy accused him of trying to sell out European farmers and appeared to blame his handling of the Doha round of trade talks for the "no" vote in the Irish referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon. Mandelson said his position at world trade talks had been undermined and told the BBC he did not start the row, saying, "I stood up for myself, I'm not to be bullied." He said he believed the row was over but renewed his warnings on protectionism.[4]
In 2008 Mandelson was hospitalised, suffering from a kidney stone. At this time, melamine added to milk in China had caused kidney stones and other ailments in thousands of Chinese children, killing at least six. Ironically, during the previous week Mandelson had drunk a glass of Chinese yoghurt in front of reporters in order to show his confidence in Chinese dairy products, although his own kidney stones were unrelated.[101][102]
In October 2008 Mandelson was reported to have maintained private contacts over several years with
In June 2013, writing for the
In April 2014, it was reported that Mandelson had strong ties to Russian conglomerate Sistema.[112]
In 2019, UK's
Non-political commitments
Mandelson was, until 8 October 2008, the President of
In April 2016, Mandelson became Chancellor of Manchester Metropolitan University, the ceremonial head of the university.[115]
In 2011, Mandelson was guest of honour at Herbert Morrison Primary School in Vauxhall, South London. The school was hosting a special themed day in honour of Mandelson's grandfather, after whom the school was named.[citation needed]
Personal life
Partner and sexuality
Mandelson is gay and he is said to be 'intensely private' about his personal life.[116] During his time as a former government leader, the press – tabloid and broadsheet alike – often portrayed Mandelson as effeminate through "the linguistic resources of camp" and narcissistic – sometimes including coded references to homosexual acts in their descriptions of his actions.[117]
He has lived with his husband Reinaldo Avila da Silva, a Brazilian translator, since March 1998.[118] After 27 years together, the two wed on 28 October 2023.
Attempted outings and harassment
While his sexual orientation was known to friends, colleagues and constituents, in 1987 the News of the World ran an issue that attempted to out Mandelson as gay.[116] Mandelson preferred to keep his personal life private and as such did not respond.[119] Mandelson was outed again by Matthew Parris in 1998 on the BBC programme Newsnight.[120] This led to press harassment of his partner, with the Daily Express sending a reporter to take pictures of him while he was at his languages course.[116]
An internal investigation later found that the photos had been obtained without Avila da Silva's consent and images of him attempting to cover his face had been secretly deleted. Mandelson phoned the BBC and the Press Complaints Commission following Newsnight's broadcast,[121] and an internal memo was later sent within the BBC, stating that "Under no circumstances whatsoever should allegations about the private life of Peter Mandelson be repeated or referred to on any broadcast."[120]
In the media
- BBC Four's Storyville in 2010, Mandelson: The Real PM?, directed by Hannah Rothschild,[122] a fly on the wall documentary about Mandelson as Business Secretary in the run up to the 2010 general election.
- Mandelson was portrayed by Paul Rhys in the 2003 Channel 4 drama The Deal.
- Mandelson was portrayed by Mark Gatiss in the 2015 Channel 4 drama Coalition.
- Mandelson was portrayed by Nigel Planer in the 2011 comedy drama The Hunt for Tony Blair.
- The Sebastian Lovewas based on Mandelson
Honours
- Officer, Legion of Honour (2017)[123]
- Life peerage(2008)
Bibliography
- (with ISBN 978-1842750391
- (contributor) ISBN 978-0954744816
- The Third Man: Life at the Heart of New Labour Harper Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0007395286
Notes
References
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ Morrish, L. (2002) '"That's so typical of Peter – as soon as there's a cock-up he tries to sit on it": British Broadsheet Press versus Peter Mandleson 1996– 2001.' Paper given at the 9th Annual American University Conference on Lavender Languages and Linguistics.
- ^ "Is stricken Mandy likely to lose Reinaldo, too?". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
- ^ Tatchell, Peter (31 January 1998). "Why Mandy Won't Let Sexuality Queer the Pitch". Punch.
- ^ a b "BBC to replay clip of Lord Mandelson being 'outed'". BBC News. 14 August 2010.
- ^ "Mandelson phoned BBC after being 'outed'". The Irish Times. 7 November 1998.
- ^ "Storyville, 2010–2011, Mandelson: The Real PM?". BBC Four. 28 November 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
- ^ "Mandelson receives French Legion d'honneur". BBC News. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Further reading
- Jones, Nicholas (2000): Sultans of Spin: The Media and the New Labour Government Orion Books, ISBN 0-7528-2769-3
- ISBN 0-00-255943-9
- ISBN 0-14-027850-8
- Routledge, Paul (1999): Mandy: The Unauthorised Biography of Peter Mandelson Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-85175-X
- ISBN 0-7432-3212-7
Works
- Mandelson, Peter (1997): Labour's next steps Fabian Society
- Mandelson, Peter (2002): The Blair Revolution Revisited Politico's, ISBN 1-84275-039-9
- Mandelson, Peter (2010). The Third Man: Life at the Heart of New Labour. HarperPress. ISBN 978-0007395286.
External links
- Lord Mandelson, former MP – They Work For You
- Peter Mandelson profile at UK Parliament
- Peter Mandelson | Financial Times
- Policy Network
- Profile: Peter Mandelson BBC News, 3 October 2008, 13 August 2004
- Peter Mandelson: Interview in full, PublicAffairsAsia.com, 18 August 2008, on sovereign wealth funds
- Peter Mandelson: Interview on New Statesman, 1 October 2008.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Peter Mandelson on Charlie Rose
- Social Democracy Observatory
- Peter Mandelson at IMDb
- Peter Mandelson collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Peter Mandelson collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Peter Mandelson | Politics | The Guardian