Pietro Nenni
Pietro Nenni | |
---|---|
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
In office 12 December 1968 – 5 August 1969 | |
Prime Minister | Mariano Rumor |
Preceded by | Giuseppe Medici |
Succeeded by | Aldo Moro |
In office 18 October 1946 – 2 February 1947 | |
Prime Minister | Alcide De Gasperi |
Preceded by | Alcide De Gasperi |
Succeeded by | Carlo Sforza |
Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party | |
In office 16 May 1949 – 12 December 1963 | |
Preceded by | Alberto Jacometti |
Succeeded by | Francesco De Martino |
In office 22 August 1943 – 1 August 1945 | |
Preceded by | Giuseppe Romita |
Succeeded by | Sandro Pertini |
In office 18 April 1933 – 28 August 1939 | |
Preceded by | Ugo Coccia |
Succeeded by | Committee |
Member of the Senate of the Republic | |
Life tenure 25 November 1970 – 1 January 1980 | |
Appointed by | Giuseppe Saragat |
Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
In office 8 May 1948 – 25 November 1970 | |
Constituency | Rome (1948–1958) Milan (1958–1970) |
Personal details | |
Born | 9 February 1891 Faenza, Emilia, Italy |
Died | 1 January 1980 (aged 88) Rome, Italy |
Political party | PRI (1909–1921) PSI (1921–1980) |
Spouse |
Carmen Emiliani
(m. 1911; died 1966) |
Children | Giuliana Vittoria Luciana[1] |
Profession | Journalist |
Pietro Sandro Nenni (Italian pronunciation:
Early life and career
He was born in Faenza, in Emilia-Romagna. After his peasant parents died, he was placed in an orphanage by an aristocratic family. Every Sunday, he recited his catechism before the countess and if he did well, he received a silver coin. "Generous but humiliating", he recalled.[2]
He affiliated with the
First World War
When the
When the war was over, he founded, together with some disillusioned revolutionary ex-servicemen, a group called "Fascio", which was soon dissolved and replaced by a real
In 1923, after the
In exile
Nenni had worked in Paris as a correspondent of the Avanti in 1921 and had become acquainted with Léon Blum, Marcel Cachin, Romain Rolland and Georges Sorel. During his Parisian exile, Nenni made a decisive contribution to the survival of the Italian Socialist Party, which had moved abroad, and he worked for an alliance between the various anti-fascist parties which had been driven into exile. In 1935, he helped lead the Italian opposition to Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia. Nenni went on to fight with the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. He was the co-founder and the political commissar of the Garibaldi Brigade. After the defeat of the Spanish Republic and the victory of General Francisco Franco he returned to France. In 1943, he was arrested by the Germans in Vichy France and then imprisoned in Italy on the island of Ponza.
Nenni's third daughter, Vittoria, was active in the French resistance. She was captured and deported to Auschwitz, where she was murdered on 25 July 1943, aged 28.[4]
After being liberated in August 1943, he returned to Rome to lead the Italian Socialist Party, which had been reunified as the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity. After the surrender of
Postwar politics
In 1944, he became the national secretary of the PSI again, favoring close ties between his party and the PCI. After the Liberation, he took up government responsibilities, becoming Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Constituent Assembly in the government of Ferruccio Parri and the first government of Alcide De Gasperi. He was Minister for the Constitution, and in October 1946 he became Minister for Foreign Affairs in the second De Gasperi government.
The close ties between the PSI and the PCI caused the
In 1956, Nenni broke with the PCI after
Opening to centre-left
In the early 1960s he facilitated an "opening to the center-left" enabling coalition governments between the PSI and the Christian Democrats and leading the socialists back into office for the first time since 1947.[6] He formed a centre-left coalition with Saragat, Aldo Moro and Ugo La Malfa, and favored a reunion with the PSDI. From 1963 to 1968 he was Deputy Prime Minister in the three successive governments led by Moro and in December 1968 he became Minister for Foreign Affairs in the first government of Mariano Rumor, but resigned in July 1969, when the center-left alliance collapsed.[citation needed]
Although the reunification attempts between the socialists and Giuseppe Saragat's breakaway Social Democrats resulted in the formation of a joint list
He was an atheist.[8]
Electoral history
Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1946 | Constituent Assembly | Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone | PSIUP | 24,961 | Elected | |
1948 | Chamber of Deputies | Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone | FDP | 57,020 | Elected | |
1953 | Chamber of Deputies | Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone | PSI | 53,435 | Elected | |
1958 | Chamber of Deputies | Milan–Pavia | PSI | 30,138 | Elected | |
1963 | Chamber of Deputies | Milan–Pavia | PSI | 38,458 | Elected | |
1968 | Chamber of Deputies | Milan–Pavia | PSI | 53,483 | Elected |
References
- ^ a b "Donne e Uomini della Resistenza: Giuliana Nenni". ANPI (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ a b Italy's New Partnership, Time Magazine, 13 December 1963
- ^ a b c Crisis of Italian Socialism, Europe Speaks, 3 March 1947
- ^ "Vittoria Nenni – Fondazione Pietro Nenni" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Pietro & Paul, Time Magazine, 23 April 1965
- ^ "A Sinistra?", Time Magazine, 12 January 1962
- ^ Obituary Francesco De Martino, The Guardian, 22 November 2002
- ^ Giuseppe Tamburrano, Pietro Nenni: una vita per la democrazia e per il socialismo, Laicata, 2000, p. 366.
External links
- Where the Italian Socialists Stand, Pietro Nenni, Foreign Affairs, January 1962
- Address given by Pietro Nenni on the military intervention in Czechoslovakia, Rome, 29 August 1968
- Newspaper clippings about Pietro Nenni in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW