Stefano Zannowich
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Stefano Zannowich (
Biography
Zannowich's life is full of controversy, scarce on facts, and filled with fictional events that were most likely products of his own imagination. Various fragments were recorded by his acquaintances.
Birth
Zanović was born in 1751 in Budva, which was part of Venetian Albania, now known as Montenegro. He was born in Paštrovići,[2] the fourth child of Antun Zanović, a wealthy merchant and shoemaker, and his wife Franka (née Marković). His father was known as Budaljanin or Buduan in Venice, indicating his origin in Budva.[3][4]
Siblings
He had older brothers named Marko (b. 1745), Primislav (b. 1747), and his namesake Stjepan (b. 1749), who died at an early age. After Stjepan, his parents had Vincislav (b. 1755) and Miroslav (1761-1834), as well as two daughters, Marija Jelisaveta (b. 1753) and Teresia Giustiniana (b. 1758).
The large number of siblings allowed them to constantly change identities, falsely impersonating one another, often creating confusion by allegedly appearing in two places at the same time. His oldest brother Marko went to Russia in 1781 and became a count, living on the estate of
His youngest brother Miroslav also adopted the title of count and became involved in politics as a staunch opponent of Venetian aspirations towards Dalmatia. He was a delegate of Budva at the unification assembly of Montenegro and Boka in 1813. He also published the book Thoughts and Sonnets and died at a very old age in 1834.
Among all his relatives, Stjepan, alongside Primislav, who was often his partner in con schemes, is perhaps the best known.
Early years
Apparently, at the age of 17, after committing a robbery, he escaped to
Attempts to gain power in Montenegro
Later, he came to Montenegro where, according to his own account, he presented himself as Russian
While in Vienna, he tried to gain support from local Orthodox deacons for his plan to seize power in Montenegro, and it is at this point that he began his quest to prove his noble heritage (he had claimed descent from
'Niarta' alias
Via
Return to Montenegro power grab plans
In 1780, he was in
Time at Frauenbrünnl Monastery
He arrived at Frauenbrünnl Monastery in Abbach near Straubing and presented himself as an exiled prince seeking sanctuary and peace. He spent some time there, making it his seat of operations. He regularly visited Augsburg, Regensburg, and Munich, establishing contacts with wealthy merchants and persuading them to enter the Dutch market where he had considerable influence. During his time in Frauenbrünnl, he rarely left his room and often made generous contributions to the poor locals.[7][5] He also went by the name of Hanibal.[8]
Stefano Zannowich in writing
He had
Giacomo Casanova mentions Stefano Zannovich, who "paid a visit to Vienna under the alias of Prince Castriotto d'Albanie. Under pressure from the authorities, he left at the end of July 1784" for Poland and later for the Netherlands (United Provinces).
Death
He died in Amsterdam, in the Dutch Republic.
Work
He wrote in Italian, French, Latin, German, and Serbian.
The most important work was Lettere turche (lit. 'Turkish Letters'), first published in Dresden in 1776. Serbian literary historiography never treated them as a novelist. With the latest research and study, Zannowich's work now belongs to the genre of an epistolary novel, a form especially popular in the Age of Enlightenment.
- La Didone, scena drammatica. Ottava edizione (1772)[9]
- Opere Diverse (1773)
- Pigmalione (1773)[10]
- Riflessioni filosofiche-morali (1773)
- Lettere turche (1776)[1]
- Le Grand Castriotto d' Albanie (Paris 1779)[11]
- La poésie et la philosophie d'un Turc (1779)
- L'Horoscope politique de la Pologne, de la Prusse, de l'Angleterre, etc. (1779)[12]
- L'Anima, poema filosofico (?)
- Epîtres pathétiques addressées à Frédéric-Guillaume, Prince-royal de Prusse (1780)[13]
- Correspondence Littéraire Secrète (1786) [14]
- Histoire de la vie et des aventures de la duchesse de Kingston (1789)[15]
Legacy
At the turn of the 20th century,
There is a story about Stefano Zannowich in Alfred Döblin's 1929 novel Berlin Alexanderplatz.
In 1998, Budva High School organized an international assembly of literary critics dedicated to Zanović. The event was attended by Gojko Čelebić, Zlata Bojović , Ilona Czamańska , Bogusław Zieliński , Radomir V. Ivanović , and others.[20]
The Croatian Encyclopedia describes him as a "Croatian writer and adventurer".[21]
See also
References
- ^ a b Neale, Adam (November 10, 1818). "Travels Through Some Parts of Germany, Poland, Moldavia, and Turkey". Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. Paternoster Row. And A. Constable and Company Edinburgh – via Google Books.
- ^ Glas istine. Vol. 3. A. Pajević. 1887.
(25) маја 1786 (пре 100 година) умре у Амстердаму, пресекавши себи жиле, знаменити српски пустолов, Стефан Зановић, рођен 7. (18) Фебр. 1751. у Паштровићима, где му је отац био папучар. Науке је свршио у Падови. Био је ...
- ISBN 9788636303061.
„Винцислав или Примислав и Стефан Зановић, синови Антуна Зановића, званог 'Будаљанин' ", стоји у пресуди од 14. децембра, „који је 23. августа 1766, због преступа који су записани у књизи, протеран из главног града и са ...
- ^ Čoralić, Lovorka (2002-09-28). "Pustolovna obitelj Zanović (U gradu na lagunama - iz prošlosti hrvatske zajednice u Mlecima (6)". Slobodna Dalmacija. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
- ^ a b "BUTUA.COM - Kultura i kulturni turizam Budve". www.butua.com.
- ^ Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti (1890). Glas. Vol. 22. p. 19.
Могућно је да се њиме послужио, у трећој четврти прошлога века, за своју историју „Le Grand Castriotto d' Albanie (Paris 1779), Стефан Зановић или Црнојевић, који се издавао за потомка Скандербегова. На сваки начин у овога ...
- ^ "MONTENEGRINA - digitalna biblioteka crnogorske kulture i nasljedja". www.montenegrina.net.
- ^ Историски записи. с.н. 1988.
Растислав В. Петровић их је с правом раз- двојио. Мој поштовани саговорник каже: „Цитирајући једну вест из Беча, Радуошовић каже: ,да се Стјепан (Стефан) Зановић, звани Ханибал', издавао за Шћепана Малог ,чак и 1790'.
- ^ Zannowich, Stefano (November 10, 1773). "La Didone scena drammatica del conte Stefano de Zannowich accademico ec". nella stamperia reale. Si ritrova presso M.F. Chanquion – via Google Books.
- ^ Zannowich, Stefano (November 10, 1773). "Pigmalione, opera del conte Stefano Zannowich, dalmatino, accademico, &c. &c". per Bernardino Pomatelli stampatore arcivescovale – via Google Books.
- ^ "Le grand Castriotto d'Albanie, histoire. [By Stefano Zannowich.]". November 10, 1779 – via Google Books.
- ^ Albania.), Stefano ZANNOWICH (calling himself Castriotto, Prince of (November 10, 1779). "L'Horoscope politique de la Pologne, de la Prusse, de l'Angleterre, etc. [A warning of their coming ruin addressed to the Poles by St. Zannowich.]". A Pastor-Vecchio, aux pieds des Alpes de Montenegro – via Google Books.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Zannowich, Stefano (November 10, 1780). "Epîtres pathétiques, adressées à Frédéric-Guillaume, Prince-royal de Prusse". Adamson – via Google Books.
- ^ "Correspondance littéraire secrète: 1786". November 10, 1786 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Histoire de la vie et des aventures de la duchessa de Kingston. Nouvelle édition, à la quelle on a joint une notice curieuse sur Stefano Zannowich, prétendu Prince Castriotto d'Albanie..." éditeur non identifié. November 10, 1789 – via Google Books.
- ^ Jelušić 2020, p. 193.
- ^ Breyer 1904.
- ^ Žic 1934.
- ^ Breyer 2020.
- ^ a b Jelušić 2020, pp. 193–194.
- ^ "Zanović, Stjepan". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
Sources
- Breyer, Mirko (1904). "O pustolovu Stjepanu Zanoviću, Budvaninu". Prilozi k starijoj književnoj i kulturnoj povjesti hrvatskoj (in Croatian). U nakladi vlastite knjižare. pp. 107–157.
- Žic, Nikola (1934). "Nepoznata pjesma Miroslava Zanovića". Narodna starina (in Croatian). 13 (33). Croatian State Archives: 101.
- Breyer, Mirko (2020) [1928]. Baljević, Mila; Ljubanović, Gordana; Simonović, Maja (eds.). Antun conte Zanović i njegovi sinovi (PDF). Budva: JU Narodna Biblioteka Budve.
- Jelušić, Božena (2020). "Kulturno-književni istoričar Mirko Breyer u traganju za Zanovićima" (PDF). In Baljević, Mila; Ljubanović, Gordana; Simonović, Maja (eds.). Antun conte Zanović i njegovi sinovi (by Mirko Breyer). Budva: JU Narodna Biblioteka Budve.
Further reading
- Helmut Watzlawick (1999). Bio-bibliographie de Stefano Zannowich. H. Watzlawick.