Teixobactin
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Teixobactin (.
Teixobactin was discovered using a new method of culturing bacteria in soil, which allowed researchers to grow a previously unculturable bacterium now named Eleftheria terrae, which produces the antibiotic. Teixobactin was shown to kill Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
History
In January 2015, a collaboration of four institutes in the US and Germany together with two
The multiple independent iChip culture cells in a block of plastic are inoculated with soil diluted to deposit about one bacterium in each cell, and then sealed with semi-permeable membranes. The iChip is then planted in a box of the soil of origin. Nutrients and growth factors diffusing from the ambient soil into each culture cell through the membranes nurture growth of the bacterium into a colony that is then self-sustaining in vitro. This arrangement allows growth of only one species in some of the cells.[7]
Tests for antibacterial activity against
Teixobactin is the first novel antibiotic with drug potential isolated from bacteria in decades. It appears to represent a new
Biosynthesis
Teixobactin is an 11-residue,
Antibacterial activity
Mechanism of action
Teixobactin is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. It acts primarily by binding to lipid II, a precursor to peptidoglycan. In addition to inhibiting cell wall synthesis, teixobactin's capacity to form large supramolecular fibrils upon lipid II binding compromises the integrity of the bacterial membrane, contributing to the killing mechanism.[12] The incorporation of D- and L- amino acids enables allocating teixobactin's hydrophobic residues onto the bacterial membrane surface. [13] Lipid II is also targeted by the antibiotic vancomycin. The binding of teixobactin to lipid precursors inhibits the production of the peptidoglycan layer, leading to lysis of vulnerable bacteria.[1]
Activity
Teixobactin was reported to be potent
It is not active against bacteria with an
Induction of resistance
No resistant strain of
Society and culture
NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals has been issued two US patents on teixobactin (US Patents 9,163,065 and 9,402,878). Northeastern University, where Kim Lewis, the senior author of the article in Nature, works, filed a patent on the method used to discover teixobactin, and licensed it to NovoBiotic in 2003; Lewis is a consultant to the company.[5]
Research
In 2016 researchers synthesized the compound[17][18][19] and used it to treat a bacterial infection in mice.[20][11]
See also
- Antibiotic resistance
- Clovibactin
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
References
- ^ PMID 25561178.
- ^ S2CID 4464402.
- ^ a b Lewis K (7 January 2015). "NovoBiotic reports the discovery of teixobactin, a new antibiotic without detectable resistance" (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Gallagher J (7 January 2015). "Antibiotics: US discovery labelled 'game-changer' for medicine". BBC. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Denise G (7 January 2015). "From a pile of dirt, hope for a powerful new antibiotic". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- PMID 20173072.
- ^ Khatchadourian R (20 June 2016). "The Unseen: Millions of microbes are yet to be discovered. Will one hold the ultimate cure?". The New Yorker. New York: Condé Nast. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ Matthews A (8 January 2015). "Selcia Scientists Elucidate Stereochemistry of Novel Antibacterial Macrocycle Teixobactin, Published in Nature". Essex, U.K.: Selcia. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ a b Stone J (8 January 2015). "Teixobactin And iChip Promise Hope Against Antibiotic Resistance". Forbes. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ Sample I (8 January 2015). "New class of antibiotic could turn the tables in battle against superbugs". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ S2CID 219586005.
- PMID 35922513.
- PMID 32503964.
- ^ Azvolinsky A. "New Antibiotic from Soil Bacteria". The Scientist. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ Gallagher J (7 January 2015). "Antibiotics: U.S. discovery labeled "game-changer" for medicine". BBC News. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- PMID 25785976.
- PMID 27484680.
- PMID 27191730.
- S2CID 208608523.
- ^ Haridy R (March 25, 2018). ""Game-changing" synthesized antibiotic successfully treats infections for the first time". newatlas.com. Retrieved 2018-04-03.
External links
- Dr. Kim Lewis, Northeastern University, speaks about Teixobactin during his seminar at the NIH entitled "New antibiotics from the microbial dark matter". February 15, 2017