Theodore McCarrick
Theodore McCarrick | ||||||||
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Archdiocese | Washington | |||||||
Appointed | November 21, 2000 | |||||||
Installed | January 3, 2001 | |||||||
Term ended | May 16, 2006 | |||||||
Predecessor | James Aloysius Hickey | |||||||
Successor | Donald Wuerl | |||||||
Other post(s) | Cardinal Priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo (2001–2018) | |||||||
Orders | ||||||||
Ordination | May 31, 1958 by Francis Spellman | |||||||
Consecration | June 29, 1977 by Terence Cooke | |||||||
Created cardinal | February 21, 2001 by Pope John Paul II (resigned July 28, 2018) | |||||||
Laicized | February 13, 2019 | |||||||
Personal details | ||||||||
Born | Theodore Edgar McCarrick July 7, 1930 New York City | |||||||
Previous post(s) |
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Motto | Come Lord Jesus | |||||||
Coat of arms | ||||||||
Ordination history | ||||||||
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Theodore Edgar McCarrick (born July 7, 1930) is a laicized American bishop and former cardinal of the Catholic Church. Ordained a priest in 1958, he became an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York in 1977, then became Bishop of Metuchen, New Jersey, in 1981. From 1986 to 2000, he was Archbishop of Newark. He was created a cardinal in February 2001 and served as Archbishop of Washington from 2001 to 2006. Following credible allegations of repeated sexual misconduct towards boys and seminarians, he was removed from public ministry in June 2018, became the first cardinal to resign from the College of Cardinals because of claims of sexual abuse in July 2018,[1] and was laicized in February 2019.[2] Several honors he had been awarded, such as honorary degrees, were rescinded.
A prolific fundraiser, he was connected to prominent politicians and was considered a power broker in Washington, D.C.[3] Within the church, McCarrick was generally regarded as a moderate.[4][5][6][7]
McCarrick was accused of engaging in sexual misconduct with adult male seminarians over the course of decades.
The apparent lack of action from the church hierarchy in this case sparked demands for action against church leaders believed to be responsible.
Early life and education
An only child, McCarrick was born into an Irish American family in New York City to Theodore E. and Margaret T. (née McLaughlin) McCarrick.[20] His father was a ship captain who died from tuberculosis when McCarrick was three years old,[21] and his mother then worked at an automobile parts factory in The Bronx.[22] As a child, McCarrick served as an altar boy at the Church of the Incarnation in Washington Heights.[22] He was expelled from the Jesuit Xavier High School in his junior year for missing classes.[23][24]
McCarrick missed an academic year due to the expulsion, but a friend of his family was able to help get him into the Jesuit
McCarrick later entered
Priesthood
McCarrick was
McCarrick served as
Episcopal career
Auxiliary bishop of New York
In May 1977, McCarrick was appointed
As an auxiliary to Cardinal Cooke, he served as vicar of East Manhattan and the Harlems.[20]
Bishop of Metuchen
On November 19, 1981, McCarrick was appointed the first bishop of the
In 2001 a Catholic high school, originally established in 1885 and renamed multiple times through the years, was named Cardinal McCarrick High School in honor of McCarrick as the first bishop of the diocese. The school closed in June 2015 for financial reasons.[33]
Archbishop of Newark
On May 30, 1986, McCarrick was appointed the fourth Archbishop of Newark. He succeeded Peter Leo Gerety, and was installed at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart on the following July 25. During his tenure, he established the Office of Evangelization, ministries for Hispanics and victims of HIV, and a drug prevention program.[34] He also promoted vocations, and ordained a total of 200 priests for the archdiocese.[22]
McCarrick became known as an advocate for social justice, once saying, "[T]he Church cannot be authentic unless it takes care of the poor, the newcomers, the needy."[22] During the 1980s, he served as an official observer to the Helsinki Commission and the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe at the behest of the State Department.[34] In 1988, he participated in an interfaith meeting with Fidel Castro to promote religious freedom in Cuba, the first meeting of its kind subsequent to the fall of Fulgencio Batista. McCarrick, as a representative of Irish immigrant families, was chosen to be placed in the Ellis Island Hall of Fame on December 8, 1990.[34]
Within the
He was elected chairman of the Bishops' Committee on International Policy in 1996. He visited Bosnia (which he described as "reminiscent of the Holocaust"), China, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, and Switzerland.[22][34] Joined by Secretary of Labor Alexis Herman, he announced an initiative in 1997 to assure that Catholic school uniforms in his archdiocese would not be manufactured in sweatshops.[35]
In 1998, in addition to his duties as archbishop, McCarrick was designated as superior of the
Archbishop of Washington
In June 2004, McCarrick was accused of intentionally misreading a letter from Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger recommending that Catholic politicians who supported abortion rights be denied the
Although McCarrick was sometimes labelled a liberal, he was noted for adhering to church teaching on abortion, same-sex marriage, and the male-only priesthood.[23] American Catholic journalist Michael Sean Winters disputed this claim writing "Liberals embraced him as a champion of moderation at a time when the Church was seen as increasingly reactionary. I always thought he was playing to the cameras."[43]
Retirement as archbishop
On May 16, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted McCarrick's resignation as Archbishop of Washington, after the latter's reaching the customary age limit of 75, and appointed Donald Wuerl, Bishop of Pittsburgh, as the 6th Archbishop of Washington, DC. From May 16, 2006, until Wuerl's installation on June 22, 2006, McCarrick served as the Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Washington, an interim post.[44]
After his retirement, McCarrick resided for some time at the Redemptoris Mater seminary in the Archdiocese of Washington. He subsequently moved to the grounds of the provincial headquarters of the Institute of the Incarnate Word in Chillum, Maryland, in a building on a complex that included a seminary.[45]
McCarrick was named a counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in 2007.[46]
In 2009, McCarrick presided over the graveside service of U.S. Senator
Within the church, McCarrick "was always seen as a moderate, centrist presence in the hierarchy, a telegenic pastor who could present the welcoming face of the Church, no matter what the circumstances". A news article identified him in 2014 as "one of a number of senior churchmen who were more or less put out to pasture during the eight-year pontificate of Benedict XVI", adding that after the election of Pope Francis he found himself put "back in the mix."[53] He was described as a "pope maker" by David Gibson, longtime religion reporter and author of "The Coming Catholic Church".[54]
During his retirement, McCarrick pressed House Speaker
The release of some of McCarrick's correspondence in May 2019 indicates that he attempted to influence the selection of a United States ambassador to the Holy See. On January 27, 2017, in response to rumors President Trump was planning to appoint Catholic commentator George Weigel, McCarrick wrote to Pope Francis stating that Weigel was "very much a leader of the ultra-conservative wing of the Catholic Church in the United States and has been publicly critical of Your Holiness in the past." He added, "Many of us American bishops would have great concerns about his being named to such a position in which he would have an official voice, in opposition to your teaching." McCarrick indicated interest in discussing the topic further with the Pope, but there are no indications in their correspondence of whether he did so.[56]
Sexual abuse and abuse of authority
Warnings of alleged misconduct
In 1994, a priest wrote a letter to Bishop Edward T. Hughes, McCarrick's successor as Bishop of Metuchen, stating that McCarrick had inappropriately touched him.[3]
Also in 1994, Cardinal
Father
In 2015, Ramsey wrote to Cardinal
Richard Sipe stated that he wrote a letter to Benedict XVI in 2008, saying that McCarrick's activities "had been widely known for several decades."[3] Sipe sent a letter to Bishop Robert W. McElroy in 2016, concerning sexual misconduct by McCarrick. McElroy asked if Sipe would be willing to share corroborating material that would substantiate his allegations. Sipe said that he was precluded from sharing specific documentary information. McElroy said "[T]he limitations on his willingness to share corroborating information made it impossible to know what was real and what was rumor."[10]
Mike Kelly of the
Settlements
Between 2005 and 2007, the Diocese of Metuchen and the Archdiocese of Newark paid financial settlements to two priests who had accused McCarrick of abuse.[65] These settlements totalled $180,000.[66]
In 2005, the Archdiocese of Newark and the Dioceses of Trenton and Metuchen paid a total of $80,000 to a former priest, who stated that McCarrick would touch him in bed, but only above the waist, and that they never kissed. The Diocese of Metuchen's contribution was not in reference to McCarrick, but to an allegation regarding previous conduct of a teacher at a high school located at that time in the diocese.[67]
In 2006, $100,000 was paid by the Diocese (where McCarrick had been bishop from 1981 to 1986).
Between 2001 and 2006, McCarrick gave $600,000 to high-ranking church officials, including two popes, multiple priests, cardinals and archbishops, when he was Archbishop of Washington.[70][71][72] According to The Washington Post, "Several of the more than 100 recipients were directly involved in assessing misconduct claims against McCarrick".[71] Some of those recipients, however, including both Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI, had little oversight over these transactions.[71][72]
In February 2020, America magazine revealed that the Diocese of Metuchen, the Archdiocese of Newark, and Diocese of Trenton had, beginning in 2005, worked together to secretly pay victims of McCarrick. Former substitute for general affairs at the Secretariat of State, Leonardo Sandri, who received the letter of concern from Ramsey in 2000, was suspected of participating in the cover-up of McCarrick's acts, and America journalist Thomas J. Reese recommended that he and others be interviewed as part of the Vatican's investigation into the former cardinal.[61]
Abuse of seminarians
In 2018, multiple media outlets reported a number of priests and former seminarians under McCarrick had come forward alleging that McCarrick had engaged in inappropriate conduct with male seminarians.[3][9] These included reports that he made sexual advances toward young men training as seminarians during his tenure as Bishop of Metuchen and Archbishop of Newark.[73] McCarrick reportedly routinely invited a number of these young men to a house on the shore with limited sleeping accommodations, resulting in one of them sharing a bed with the bishop. According to former seminarian Desmond Rossi, he and a friend later realized that the archbishop would cancel weekend gatherings "if there were not enough men going that they would exceed the number of available beds, thus necessitating one guest to share a bed with the archbishop".[74] Rossi subsequently transferred before ordination from the Archdiocese of Newark to a diocese in New York State.
Wuerl denied having any prior knowledge of claims regarding sexual abuse on the part of McCarrick. On January 10, 2019, The Washington Post published a story stating that Wuerl was aware of allegations against McCarrick in 2004 and reported them to the Vatican.[75] In a January 12, 2019 letter, Wuerl stated that when "the allegation of sexual abuse of a minor was brought against Archbishop McCarrick, I stated publicly that I was never aware of any such allegation or rumors." But the context, he said, was in discussions about sexual abuse of minors, not adults. He later said in a letter dated January 15 to the priests of the archdiocese that the survivor in the previous Pittsburgh case had asked that the matter be kept confidential, and he heard no more about it: "I did not avert to it again," and "only afterwards was I reminded of the 14-year-old accusation of inappropriate conduct which, by that time, I had forgotten."[76]
In August 2019, letters and postcards that McCarrick sent to his alleged victims were made public. Two abuse prevention experts who reviewed the letters and postcards for the Associated Press described the correspondence as "a window into the way a predator grooms his prey."[77]
Removal from ministry and resignation as cardinal
In 2013, Scottish cardinal
In 2021, Brian Devlin, one of O'Brien's victims who later left the priesthood, waived anonymity to publish a book, Cardinal Sin, about his experiences and his fight for improved church governance and accountability.[79]
According to Devlin, O'Brien's and McCarrick's cases were linked: "If we hadn't gone to the Observer [UK newspaper] back then, the church would have dealt with McCarrick quite differently. Without O'Brien, there would be no church process."[78]
On June 20, 2018, McCarrick was removed from public ministry by the
On July 5, 2018,
On July 27, 2018,
In December 2019, McCarrick was sued by a man named John Bellocchio, who said that McCarrick sexually abused him when he was a 14-year-old boy in the 1990s.[98]
Viganò allegations
On August 25, 2018, Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, former Apostolic Nuncio to the United States, released an 11-page letter describing a series of warnings to the Vatican regarding McCarrick. Viganò stated that Montalvo, then nuncio to the United States, had informed the Vatican in 2000 of what Viganò characterized as McCarrick's "gravely immoral behaviour with seminarians and priests." He further stated that Archbishop Pietro Sambi, the nuncio from 2005 to 2011, had also informed the Vatican. Viganò says that in 2006 – when working at the Vatican – he wrote his own memo regarding McCarrick. However, he says, nothing was done to stop McCarrick. In 2008, Viganò says he wrote a second memo, including material from Sipe.[99]
In 2009 or 2010, according to Viganò, Pope Benedict XVI placed severe restrictions on McCarrick's movements and public ministry, not allowing him to travel beyond the grounds of the seminary where he was living and not permitting him to say Mass in public. However, according to Viganò, Pope Francis subsequently removed these sanctions and made McCarrick "his trusted counselor", even though Francis "knew from at least June 23, 2013 that McCarrick was a serial predator. He knew that he was a corrupt man, he covered for him to the bitter end."[99]
However, Italian journalists Tornielli and Valente report that "it was in 2007 – not 2009, as Viganò has said – that Pope Benedict XVI issued his 'instructions' to McCarrick."[58] McCarrick responded in a 2008 letter to Vatican Secretary of State, Tarcisio Bertone, writing that he had shared his bed with seminarians. He said that "this was never done in secret or behind closed doors," and that he had never "had sexual relations with anyone, man, woman or child, nor have I ever sought such acts."[100] Having given his explanation, the Archbishop then proceeded to largely ignore the Pope's instructions.
Viganò called on Pope Francis and all others who he said covered up McCarrick's conduct to resign.[99] It was observed that during the time McCarrick was allegedly under sanction, he maintained a "robust public presence" full of international travel, public masses, speeches, and the acceptance of awards, although in July 2010, on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, he declined an interview with The Washington Post. The reporter said that the Cardinal seemed to be avoiding the media.[101] Both Cardinal Marc Ouellet, having been asked to come forward in 2018 by Viganò, and the "2020 Vatican Report on McCarrick" largely confirmed Viganò's statements that the Vatican under Benedict XVI imposed restrictions on McCarrick, although McCarrick proved often unwilling to follow them. The report also found that Viganò actively sought harsh sanctions for McCarrick while working as an official in the Secretariat of State. However, both Oullet and the report disputed Viganò's accusations against Francis, with the report admitting only that Francis heard of rumors about sexual impropriety by McCarrick but believed them to be discredited, and did not hear reports about abuse of minors until 2018.[102][103]
Viganò stated that he discussed McCarrick's conduct and the penalties surrounding it with McCarrick's successor as Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal Wuerl, who he says transgressed the Pope's order by allowing McCarrick to continue living at the seminary and therefore putting other seminarians at risk. Wuerl, through his spokesperson, Ed McFadden, denied that he was aware of any restrictions on McCarrick. "Archbishop Viganò presumed that Wuerl had specific information that Wuerl did not have," McFadden said.[104] McCarrick's situation reportedly became easier when Nuncio Pietro Sambi died unexpectedly in July 2011 and was succeeded by Viganò, who, according to Tornielli and Valente, proved less eager to enforce Benedict XVI's instructions to McCarrick.[58] Viganò subsequently acknowledged that Pope Benedict had made the restrictions private, perhaps "due to the fact that he (Archbishop McCarrick) was already retired, maybe due to the fact that he (Pope Benedict) was thinking he was ready to obey."[105]
The McCarrick case, along with the conclusion of the Grand jury investigation of Catholic Church sexual abuse in Pennsylvania, which alleged systematic cover-up of clergy sex abuse by bishops in Pennsylvania over decades, triggered a general call from Catholics across ideological boundaries for greater accountability and transparency in the church. However, these issues, in particular the Viganò allegations, have also escalated tensions in the Catholic Church between ideological liberals and conservatives, especially over the possible role of homosexuality in clergy sex abuse and the alleged complicity of Pope Francis in protecting McCarrick.[106][107][108][109][110]
On May 28, 2019, McCarrick's private secretary, Msgr. Anthony J. Figueiredo, released letters written by McCarrick suggesting that while senior Vatican officials placed restrictions on the former Cardinal after abuse allegations surfaced, they were not official sanctions and were not strictly enforced under the papacies of either Pope Benedict XVI or Pope Francis.[111][112][113] In an interview published on May 28, 2019, Francis directly addressed the accusations made in Viganò's letter for the first time. He stated that he "knew nothing" about McCarrick's conduct.[114] McCarrick claimed to have discussed restrictions that were placed on him with Wuerl, but Wuerl denied that he had any knowledge of such restrictions.[115]
Vatican trial and laicization
On September 28, 2018, it was announced that McCarrick had moved to the Capuchin
On February 16, 2019, the
In an interview with Slate published in September 2019, McCarrick stated, "I'm not as bad as they paint me. ... I do not believe that I did the things that they accused me of." McCarrick stated he believed the persons making accusations against him were "encouraged to do that" by his "enemies", and said repeatedly that many young men had come to the beach house without having any problems. McCarrick revealed that he never left the friary and participated in the daily routine of the other men who lived there.[118] In January 2020, it was announced that McCarrick had moved out of the friary to an undisclosed location that was "secluded and away from public attention". McCarrick reportedly made the decision to move over concerns that media attention regarding his presence there might have a negative impact on the friary and because he wanted to be closer to his family.[123]
Title IX
On September 5, 2019, it was revealed that an investigation conducted by Seton Hall University found that McCarrick's acts of sexual abuse against seminarians at the university were classified as a Title IX offense.[124] Incidents of sex abuse McCarrick committed at both Immaculate Conception Seminary and St. Andrew's Seminary were not reported to the university because at the time, they were not compliant with Title IX.[124] The report, which was reviewed by the law firm of Latham & Watkins,[124] also accused McCarrick of creating a "culture of fear and intimidation" at Seton Hall University when he led the university as Archbishop of Newark.[125] On August 10, 2020, however, it was revealed that a seminary professor did report in the late 1980s that McCarrick was taking seminary students to his shore house and that this allegation was disregarded by the Catholic Church.[126]
Lawsuits
In August 2019, one of McCarrick's alleged victims, James Grein, filed a lawsuit against McCarrick and the Archdiocese of New York.[127][128] In December 2019, Grein extended his lawsuit to the New Jersey-based Archdiocese of Newark and Diocese of Metuchen, claiming that the two dioceses committed gross negligence when they allowed McCarrick, who Grein stated was a friend of his family,[129] to continue to visit and sexually abuse him.[129] That same month, a new law went into effect throughout New Jersey which allowed more sex victims to file lawsuits.[130][131] This resulted in more of McCarrick's alleged New Jersey victims filing lawsuits against McCarrick and the two Dioceses he served in that state.[130][131] One of these cases was also reported to be the first sex abuse lawsuit brought against the Holy See,[131] which was accused of receiving reports of sex abuse committed by McCarrick in 1988 and 1995.[131]
A lawsuit was filed on July 21, 2020, by an anonymous person saying that McCarrick operated a sex ring out of his New Jersey beachouse. The alleged victim maintained that McCarrick abused him with the assistance of other priests beginning in 1982, when he was 14. The lawsuit stated that boys were assigned different rooms in the house and paired with adult clergymen.[132] The alleged victim, who attended schools operated by the Archdiocese of Newark, alleged priests and others under the control of McCarrick engaged in "open and obvious criminal sexual conduct" that was kept cloaked by the church and also served as "procurers" for McCarrick.[133] The Archidocese of Newark, Diocese of Metuchen, where McCarrick was serving as bishop of at time of the alleged abuse, and the Catholic schools the alleged victim attended where named as defendants in the lawsuit as well.[132] On September 9, 2020, a new lawsuit was filed which alleged that McCarrick kept a second beach house which he also used as a sex ring when he was Bishop of Metuchen. It was also revealed that the Archdiocese of Newark had purchased one of McCarrick's Diocese of Metuchen beach houses in 1997, when he was serving as archbishop, just four months before selling the other beach house, which it also purchased from the Diocese of Metuchen, as well.[134]
In November 2021, a new lawsuit was filed against both McCarrick and the Archdiocese of Newark by Michael Reading, an ordained priest who claimed McCarrick sexually abused him during a visit to the New Jersey shore in 1986.[135] The alleged abuse occurred around the same time McCarrick ordained Reading as a priest.[135]
Vatican report
On November 10, 2020, the Vatican released a report about the handling of allegations against McCarrick. It states that through an October 1999 letter from Cardinal O'Connor,
Holy See federal lawsuit
On November 19, 2020, four people who accused McCarrick of sexually abusing them filed a lawsuit against the Holy See in federal court in Newark, New Jersey, saying it had failed in its oversight of McCarrick over whom it exercised complete control as his employer. The Holy See says priests are not its employees and that its status as a foreign sovereign is a defense from such a suit.[139][140]
Criminal charges
On July 29, 2021, McCarrick was charged with sexually assaulting a 16-year-old male in 1974, during a wedding reception for the boy's brother on the grounds of Wellesley College in Massachusetts. The complaint was filed by Wellesley Police in Dedham District Court.[141] On September 3, 2021, McCarrick pleaded not guilty in Dedham District Court to three counts of indecent assault and battery stemming from the alleged 1974 incident.[142]
In an early 2023 court filing, McCarrick's lawyers stated that he had experienced "significant" and "rapidly worsening" cognitive decline, and was thus not fit to stand trial.[143] In June of that year, a state-appointed forensic psychologist found "deficits of his memory and ability to retain information", and on August 30, the court ruled that McCarrick was mentally incompetent to stand trial.[144]
On April 16, 2023, McCarrick was charged with one count of fourth-degree sexual assault for an April 1977 incident that occurred near Geneva Lake in Wisconsin. McCarrick allegedly abused the victim over a period of time, including at the Geneva Lake residence where he fondled the victim's genitals.[145][146]
Honorary degrees
McCarrick was awarded at least 35 honorary degrees,[147] many of which have now been revoked or are currently under consideration for revocation.[148][149] Please be aware that it is possible that universities rescinded the honorary degrees and it may not be noted on this list.
Location | Date | School | Degree | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
New York | 1967 | College of Mount Saint Vincent |
Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)[150] |
rescinded[149] |
New York | June 1974 | St. John's University | Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[151] | rescinded[149] |
Maryland | May 16, 1987 | Mount St. Mary's College | Doctorate[152] | |
New Jersey | May 17, 1987 | Felician College |
DHL[153] | |
Rhode Island | May 18, 1987 | Providence College | Doctor of Divinity[154] | rescinded[149] |
New Jersey | 1987 | Saint Peter's College | Doctorate[155][148] | rescinded[156] |
New Jersey | 1994 | University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey | DHL[148] | [a] |
New York | 2002 | Fordham University | Doctorate[86] | rescinded[149] |
District of Columbia | 2004 | Georgetown University | DHL[157] | rescinded[158] |
District of Columbia | May 13, 2006 | Catholic University of America | DHL[159] | rescinded[149] |
New York | May 20, 2006 | Canisius College |
DHL[160] | |
Massachusetts | May 21, 2006 | Stonehill College | Doctor of Humanities[161][162] | |
New York | 2007 | Siena College | Doctorate of Sacred Theology[163] | rescinded[149] |
Indiana | May 18, 2008 | University of Notre Dame | LL.D.[164][165] | rescinded[149][166] |
Oregon | 2008 | University of Portland | Doctorate[167][168] | rescinded[149] |
Pennsylvania | 2008 | Gannon University | DHL[169] | |
Montana | September 14, 2009 | Carroll College | Doctorate[170] | |
New York | May 2011 | St. Bonaventure University | DHL[171] | rescinded[171] |
New York | October 12, 2012 | College of New Rochelle | Doctorate[172] | rescinded[149] |
Palestine | November 3, 2013 | Bethlehem University | Doctor of Humanities[173] |
See also
References
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External links
Media related to Theodore Edgar McCarrick at Wikimedia Commons
- "McCarrick Card. Theodore Edgar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
- Biography from the Washington Archdiocese website.
- Retiring Archbishop Gives Farewell Homily Washington Post, June 19, 2006, by Candace Rondeaux.
- Appearances on C-SPAN