Timeline of Cairo
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.
Prior to 19th century
History of Egypt |
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Egypt portal |
- 1st C. BCE – Babylon Fortress built (approximate date).
- 33 CE – Origins of the Coptic Orthodox Church.[1]
- 4th–5th C. CE – Saints Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga)built.
- 6th C. – Church of Saint Menas established.
- 642 – Mosque of Amr ibn al-Asbuilt.
- 873 – Ahmad ibn Tulun founds El-Katai.[1]
- 879
- Mosque of Ibn Tulun built.[1]
- Church of St. George built (approximate date).
- Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila) built (approximate date).
- 970
- Misr al-Qahira settlement founded by Fatimid Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah.[2][1]
- Al-Azhar University established.
- 972 – Al-Azhar Mosque established.
- 978 –The Hanging Churchrebuilt (approximate date).
- 979 – Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo rebuilt (approximate date).
- 992 – Al-Hakim Mosque built.
- 11th C. – Church of the Holy Virgin (Babylon El-Darag) built.
- 1016 – Lulua Mosque built.
- 1073 – Saint Barbara Church in Coptic Cairo restored.
- 1085 – Juyushi Mosque built.
- 1092 – City wall and Bab al-Nasr).
- 1125 – Aqmar Mosque built.
- 1154 – Al-Hussein Mosque built.
- 1160 – Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque built.
- 1168 – Egypt's capital moved from Fustat to Cairo.
- 1176 – Cairo was unsuccessfully attacked in the Crusades.[1]
- 1183 – Saladin Citadel built.
- ca.1205 – Harat el-Yahoud Synagogue rebuilt and Maimonides works there; it is rebuilt in the 19th century as the Maimonides Synagogue[3]
- 1250 – City becomes capital of Mamluk Sultanate.
- 1280 – Qalawun complex built (approximate date).
- 1318 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque built.
- 1340 – Mosque of Amir al-Maridani established.
- 1347 – Aqsunqur Mosque built.
- 1349 – Mosque of Shaykhubuilt.
- 1352 – Amir Taz Palace built.
- 1355 – Khanqah of Shaykhubuilt.
- 1359 – Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassanbuilt.
- 1421 – Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad built.
- 1517
- January: Battle of Ridaniya occurs near Cairo.[4]
- Capture of Cairo by Ottoman forces.[1]
- City becomes provincial capital during Selim I's rule of Ottoman Empire.
- 1774 – Mosque of Abu Dahabbuilt.
- 1788 – Al Musafir Khana Palace built.
- 1798 – Napoleon arrives.[1]
- 1800 – Population: 200,000 (approximate figure).[1]
19th century
(pp. 66–67) by Jean Vercoutter.]]
- 1801 – June: Siege of Cairo – French surrender to British and Ottoman forces.[1]
- 1811 – March:
- 1822 – Arabic printing press in operation.[5]
- 1827 – Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School established.
- 1828
- Government al-Waqa'i' al-Masriyya newspaperbegins publication.
- Dar al-Mahfuzat (government archive) established.[6]
- Government
- 1848 – Mosque of Muhammad Alibuilt.
- 1854 – Khorenian School begins.
- 1856 – Railway station built.
- 1863 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities founded at Bulak.[1]
- 1860 – Shepheard's Hotel in operation.
- 1869 – Khedivial Opera House opens.
- 1870 – Egyptian National Library and Archives established.
- 1871– 24 December: Premiere of Verdi's Aida.
- 1874 – Abdeen Palace built.
- 1875 – Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.[7]
- 1877 – Traffic in slaves ceased.[1]
- 1879 – Collège de la Sainte Famille founded
- 1880 – Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe established.[5]
- 1882
- British occupation.[1]
- Khedivial Sporting Club founded.
- Population: 347,838.[8][1]
- 1888 – Collège des Frères (Bab al-Louq) opens.
- 1892 – Ben Ezra Synagogue built.[3]
- 1893 – Le Progrès Egyptien newspaper begins publication.
- 1897
- 1899
- Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue built
- Al-Ahram newspaper headquartered in Cairo.
- 1900 – Ets Hayim Synagogue (Hanan Synagogue) established[3]
-
Cairo – panorama from the Citadel 1895
-
Cairo Mosque 1895
-
Cairo, soldiers and crowd in front of building, 1895
-
Cairo – panorama from the Citadel, 1895
-
Cairo, the Citadel, 1895
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1902 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities moved again.[1]
- 1905 – Chaar Hachamaim Synagogue established[3]
- 1906 – Pathé cinema built.[9]
- 1907
- Al Ahly Sporting Club formed.
- Population: 654,476.[1]
- 1908
- Cairo University and Café Riche opened.
- Egyptian School of Fine Arts[10] and American College for Girls founded.
- 1910
- Coptic Museum built.
- Heliopolis Palace Hotel opened.
- Heliopolis Sporting Club founded.
- 1905 – Shimon Bar Yochai Synagogue established[3]
- 1911
- Zamalek Sporting Club formed.
- Baron Empain Palace built.
- 1912
- Boulak Bridge and Al-Rifa'i Mosque built.
- 1915
- 1919
- Uprisingagainst British occupation.
- American University in Cairo established.
- 1921 – Cairo Conference held.[5]
- 1922
- Tutankhamun's tomb discovered.
- 1924
- 1925 – Pahad Itzhak (Kreim) Synagogue established[3]
- 1929 – Manial Palace built.
- 1932
- Society Of The Muslim Brothersheadquartered in Cairo.
- Moussa Dar'i Synagogue established[3]
- 1933 – Qasr al-Nil Bridgebuilt.
- 1934 – St. George's College, Cairo established.
- 1934 – Meir'enaim (Biton) Synagogue established[3]
- 1937
- Yacoubian Building constructed.
- Lycée La Liberté Héliopolis opens
- 1938 – Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moves from Alexandria to Cairo.
- 1940 – Metro Cinema opens.[11]
- 1942 – Abdeen Palace Incident.
- 1944 – Cairo Forces Parliament meeting.
- The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo and the Pan-Arabian Arab Feminist Unionis founded.
- The
- 1945
- Arab League headquartered in Cairo.[5]
- Ashkènazim Synagogue restored[3]
- 1946 – Ali Baba Cinema opens.[11]
- 1947 – Population: 2,090,654.[12]
- 1948
- 1949 – 12 February: Muslim leader Hassan al-Banna assassinated.
1950s–1990s
- 1950 – Ain Shams University founded.
- 1952
- Cairo Fire.
- The Mogamma built.
- Ismailia Square renamed Tahrir Square.
- Egyptian Revolution of 1952
- Al Akhbarstarts publication.
- 1954 – Al Gomhuria newspaper begins publication.
- 1956
- Cairo International Stadium opens.
- City master plan created.[13]
- 1959
- Cairo Conservatoire opens.
- Academy of Arts (Egypt) and Cairo Symphony Orchestra founded.
- Arab Petroleum Congress meets in Cairo.[14]
- 1961 – Cairo Tower built.
- 1963 – Cairo International Airport opens.[15]
- 1964 – January: 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo) held.[4]
- 1965 – Population: 3.3 million.[16]
- 1966 – Cairo Opera Ballet Company founded.
- 1967 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue restored.[3]
- 1968 – Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedralbuilt.
- 1969 – Cairo International Book Fair founded.
- 1970
- January: Israeli forces conduct aerial attacks near Cairo.[4]
- September: 1970 Arab League summit held.
- Greater Cairo Master Plan created.[13]
- 1972 – January: Student demonstration.[4][17]
- 1974 – Population: 5,715,000.[18]
- 1975
- January: Economic demonstration.[4]
- Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt) inaugurated.
- 1976
- 1976 Arab League summit (Cairo).
- Cairo International Film Festival begins.
- British International School in Cairo established.
- Manor House School, Cairo opens.
- 1977 – January: Economic demonstration.[4]
- 1978 – New Cairo British International School formed.
- 1979
- 1981
- 6 October: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.[21]
- Sadat Academy for Management Sciences opens.
- 1982
- Saint Fatima School begins.
- Sister city relationship established with New York City, United States.[20]
- 1984
- Master Plan for Greater Cairo approved.[22]
- Arab Democratic Nasserist Party founded.
- 1985
- Child Museum opens.
- Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.[20]
- 1986 – February: 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot occurs.[4]
- 1987 – Cairo Metro Line 1 begins operating.[23]
- 1988
- Cairo Opera House opens.
- Sister city relationship established with Istanbul, Turkey.[20]
- 1989
- al-Hirafiyeen neighborhood built.[24]
- Sister city relationship established with
- 1990
- The American International School in Egyptopens.
- Sister city relationship established with
- 1991 – Al-Ahram Weekly begins publication.
- 1992
- Earthquake.
- Population: 6,800,000 (estimate).[25]
- 1993
- 1995 – Dreamlanddevelopment begins near city.
- 1996
- 6th October Bridge built.
- Cairo Metro Line 2 (Shoubra AlKheiman- AlMounieb) opened.
- 1997
- Aldiwan Arabic Language Center opens.
- Sister city relationship established with Seoul, South Korea.[20]
- 1998 – Sister city relationships established with Minsk, Belarus.[20]
21st century
2000s
- 2001
- Misr American College established.
- Cairo 52 arrested.
- 2003 – El Sawy culturewheelbuilt.
- 2004
- Al-masry Al-youmnewspaper begins publication.
- Canadian International College established.
- Abdul Azim Wazir becomes governor of Cairo (approximate date).[citation needed]
- 2005
- April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
- British University in Egyptestablished.
- Al-Azhar Park built.
- El Fagr newspaper begins publication.
- 2006
- City government website online (approximate date).[27][chronology citation needed]
- Al-Resalahtelevision begins broadcasting.
- 2007
- City hosts 11th Pan Arab Games.
- 57357 Hospitalestablished.
- City hosts 11th
- 2008 – Youm 7 newspaper starts publication.
- 2009
2010s
- 2010 – Population: 7,248,671.[28]
- 2011
- 25 January: Uprising against Mubarak regime begins.[29]
- April: Abdel Qawi Khalifa becomes governor of Cairo.[citation needed]
- 2012
- Cairo Metro Line 3 (Imbaba / Mohandiseen – Cairo Int'l Airport) opened.
- Pope Shenouda III, head of Egyptian Coptic church, died.[30]
- Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.[31]
- 2013
- Anti-Morsi protests.[32]
- February: The first Iranian president, Ahmadinejad, to visit Egypt since 1979.[33]
- April: Violence against Coptic after funeral.[34]
- 3 July: 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
- 8 July: "Egyptian soldiers fire on Morsi supporters protesting outside a military facility in Cairo, killing over 50."[35]
- 14 August: "More than 600 people, mostly Morsi supporters, are killed when police clear two pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo."[35]
- PM10, much higher than recommended.[36]
- 2017 – Population: 9,539,673 (urban agglomeration).[37]
2020s
- 2021 – 2021 Cairo clothing factory fire
See also
- History of Cairo]
- History of Egypt
- Timeline of Egypt
- List of cities by population density
- Timelines of other cities in Egypt: Alexandria, Port Said
References
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (August 2015) |
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Britannica 1910.
- ^ Bosworth 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Heritage of Jews from Egypt: Synagogues". France: Association Internationale Nebi Daniel.
- ^ ISBN 0203409957.
- ^ a b c d Stanley 2008.
- ^ Christopher Markiewicz; Nir Shafir, eds. (2014). "Dar al-Mahfuzat al-ʿUmumiyya". Hazine: a Guide to Researching the Middle East and Beyond.
- Open Directory Project. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Chambers 1901.
- ISBN 9780415187039
- ^ "Egypt and North Africa, 1900 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ a b c "Movie Theaters in Cairo, Egypt". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Statistical Office of the United Nations. pp. 171–184.
- ^ ISBN 9789211312331.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-6288-3.
- ^ "Airport History". Cairo International Airport. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ Der Volks-Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1965
- ISBN 978-977-416-199-5.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt History". Archived from the original on 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Sister city agreements". Cairo Governorate. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012.
- ^ "Timelines: Egypt: AD 642 to present", World Book, US
- ^ Shakry 2006.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-8025-2.
- ^ Elyachar 2003.
- ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
{{cite book}}
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
- ^ "البوابة الالكترونية لمحافظة القاهرة – الصفحة الرئيسية" [Home Page of Cairo] (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 19 November 2006 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Egypt: timeline of unrest", Egypt's revolution: Interactive map, BBC News, 11 February 2011
- ^ "The Death of the Coptic Pope: What Next for Egypt's Beleaguered Christians?". Times News. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
- ^ "Fatal clashes on Egypt uprising anniversary". BBC News. 25 January 2013.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad becomes first Iranian head of state to visit Egypt since 1979". Guardian UK News. 5 February 2013.
- ^ "Cairo clashes at St Mark's Coptic Cathedral after funerals". BBC News. 7 April 2013.
- ^ a b Key Events in Egypt Since the 2011 Uprising, 18 October 2015
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ignored (help) - ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
Bibliography
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2013) |
Published in 18th–19th century
- hdl:2027/hvd.hxj9mv– via HathiTrust.
- C.F. Volney (1807). "De la ville du Kaire". Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie (in French). Paris: Courcier.
- H.A.S. Dearborn (1819), "Grand Cairo", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
- OCLC 23931478
- Edward Balfour (1885). "Cairo". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (3rd ed.). London: B. Quaritch.
- Library, Boston Public (1893), "Egypt: Places and Cities: Cairo", Bulletin of the Public Library of the City of Boston
- OCLC 2649691
Published in 20th century
- "Cairo", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- "Cairo", Egypt: Handbook for Travellers (5th ed.), OCLC 1384290
- OL 7246281M
- OL 23283598M
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 953–957. .
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cairo", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates(25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Mrs. R.L. Devonshire (1917), Rambles in Cairo, Cairo: Sphinx Printing Press, OL 22891093M
- Gaston Wiet (1964), Cairo, city of art and commerce, US: University of Oklahoma Press, OL 5917631M
- Malise Ruthven (1980), Cairo, Great Cities, OL 7775805M
- John Flink (1996). "Cairo". In Noelle Watson (ed.). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 154+. ISBN 1884964036.
- André Raymond (2000). Cairo. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00316-0.
Published in 21st century
- Julia Elyachar (2003). "Mappings of Power: The State, NGOs, and International Organizations in the Informal Economy of Cairo". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 45 (3): 571–605. JSTOR 3879462.
- "Cairo". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
- ISBN 0415234794.
- Janet L. Abu-Lughod (2004). "Cairo". In Josef Gugler (ed.). World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521830036.
- Seif El Rashidi (2004), "Chronology of Cairo", in Stefano Bianca; Philip Jodidio (eds.), Cairo: Revitalising a Historic Metropolis, Turin: Umberto Allemandi & C. for Aga Khan Trust for Culture, pp. 244–245
- Benedicte Florin (2005). "Urban Policies in Cairo: From Speeches on New Cities to the Adjustment Practices of Ordinary City Dwellers". In Abdoumaliq Simone; Abdelghani Abouhani (eds.). Urban Africa: Changing Contours of Survival in the City. London: Zed Books. ISBN 1842775936.
- ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Omnia el Shakry (2006), "Cairo as Capital of Socialist Revolution?", in Diane Singerman; Paul Amar (eds.), Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, And Urban Space In The New Globalized Middle East, American Univ in Cairo Press, ISBN 9789774249280
- ISBN 9789047423836.
- Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Cairo", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ISBN 9781576079201
- Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters, eds. (2009). "Cairo". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
- "Cairo". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 321+. ISBN 9780195309911.
- Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Cairo". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Cairo.
- "(Cairo)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- ArchNet. "Cairo". Archived from the original on 5 December 2013.
- "(Cairo)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
- "(Cairo)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Cairo)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Cairo)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 14 January 2019. (Bibliography)
- "(Cairo)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Cairo)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Cairo, Egypt". BlackPast.org. US. 22 February 2011.