Tiruvannamalai
Tiruvannamalai
Tiruvarunai | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 606 601 to 606 611 |
Telephone code | 91-4175 |
Vehicle registration | TN 25 |
Member of Legislative assembly | E. V. Velu (DMK) Tiruvannamalai Assembly constituency K. Pitchandi (DMK) Kilpennathur Assembly constituency (partly) |
Tiruvannamalai (
Tiruvannamalai has a thriving service sector industry, including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including SIDCO,[4][5] spinning mills and premier educational institutions.[6][7] The city is administered by the Tiruvanamalai City Municipal Corporation, originally constituted in the year 1886 as Tiruvannamalai Municipality.[8] The city has a good network of roadways and railways connecting it with Chennai. The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering setting up a new airport at Tiruvannamalai.[9]
Etymology and legend
In Hinduism, Parvati, wife of Shiva, once closed the eyes of her husband playfully in a flower garden at their abode atop Mount Kailash. Although only a moment for the gods, all light was taken from the universe, and the earth, in turn, was submerged in darkness for years. Parvati performed penance with other devotees of Shiva, and her husband appeared as a big column of fire at the top of Annamalai hills, returning light to the world.[10] He then merged with Parvati to form Ardhanarishvara, the half-female, half-male form of Shiva.[11] The Annamalai, or red mountain, lies behind the Annamalaiyar temple, and is associated with the temple of its namesake.[12] The hill is sacred and considered a lingam, or iconic representation of Shiva, in itself.[13] Another legend is that once, while Vishnu and Brahma contested for superiority, Shiva appeared as a flame, and challenged them to find his source.[14][15] Brahma took the form of a swan, and flew to the sky to see the top of the flame, while Vishnu became the boar Varaha, and sought its base. The scene is called lingothbava, and is represented in the western wall at the sanctum of most Shiva temples. Neither Brahma nor Vishnu could find the source, and while Vishnu conceded his defeat, Brahma lied and said he had found the pinnacle. In punishment, Shiva ordained that Brahma would never have temples on earth in his worship.[14] In Tamil, the word Arunam means red or fire and Asalam means hill. Since Shiva manifested himself in the form of fire in this place, this name Arunachalam came to be associated with Annamalai hill and the city.[15] The first mention of Annamalai is found in Tevaram, the seventh century Tamil Saiva canonical work by Appar and Tirugnanasambandar.[16]
History
The history of Tiruvannamalai revolves around the Annamalaiyar Temple. The recorded history of the city dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a Chola inscriptions in the temple.
The
During the 18th century, Tiruvannamalai came under the dominion of the
Geography
Tiruvannamalai is situated 196 km (122 mi) from the state capital Chennai and 210 km (130 mi) from Bangalore. The height of the Annamalai hill is approximately 2,669 ft (814 m).[24] Tiruvannamalai is located at 12°00′N 79°03′E / 12°N 79.05°E. It has an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft). The city is located to the east of Eastern Ghats. The topography of Tiruvannamalai is almost plain sloping from west to east. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F) to a minimum of 20 °C (68 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the coldest. Tiruvannamalai receives scanty rainfall with an average of 815 mm (32.1 in) annually, which is lesser than the state average of 1,008 mm (39.7 in). The southwest monsoon with an onset in June and lasting up to August brings scanty rainfall. Bulk of the rainfall is received during the northeast monsoon in the months of October, November and December. The average humidity of the city is 77% and varies between 67% and 86%. During the summer months of April to June, the humidity ranges from 47% to 63%. The municipality covers an area of 16.3 km2 (1,630 ha).[25][26]
Climate data for Tiruvannamalai (1951–1980) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 35.3 (95.5) |
39.8 (103.6) |
42.8 (109.0) |
44.4 (111.9) |
45.0 (113.0) |
44.3 (111.7) |
40.9 (105.6) |
39.4 (102.9) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.2 (102.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.2 (84.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
38.5 (101.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
33.5 (92.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
12.1 (53.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.0 (0.35) |
7.1 (0.28) |
5.9 (0.23) |
21.8 (0.86) |
83.9 (3.30) |
71.0 (2.80) |
117.0 (4.61) |
124.9 (4.92) |
149.6 (5.89) |
176.9 (6.96) |
155.2 (6.11) |
78.6 (3.09) |
1,000.9 (39.41) |
Average precipitation days | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 56 |
Source: India Meteorological Department,[27] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1951 | 35,912 | — |
1961 | 46,441 | +29.3% |
1981 | 89,462 | +92.6% |
1991 | 109,196 | +22.1% |
2001 | 130,350 | +19.4% |
2011 | 145,278 | +11.5% |
Sources: |
According to the provisional population totals of the 2011 census, b Tiruvannamalai UA had a population of 145278, with 72406 males and 72872 females. The sex ratio of the city was 1,000 and the child sex ratio stood at 960. Tiruvannamalai had an average literacy rate of 81.64% with male literacy being 85.6%, and female literacy being 77.7%. A total of 14,530 of the population of the city was under 6 years of age.[31] Tamil Is The Official Language.
According to
The maximum decadal growth of population in Tiruvannamalai was observed during 1971–81 and had reduced growth rate from 1981 due to the increased amount of industrial activity that took place outside the city. The density of the city was 45 per hectare during 1971 and increased to 90 during 1999.[34] A total 446.2 ha (1,103 acres) (32.75%) of the land is used for residential, 48.77 ha (120.5 acres) (3.58%) for commercial, 22.34 ha (55.2 acres) (1.63%) for industrial, 39.35 ha (97.2 acres) (2.88%) for public & semi public, 30.38 ha (75.1 acres) (2.22%) for educational and 678.77 ha (1,677.3 acres) (56.94%) for non-urban purposes.[35][36][37]
Economy
Tiruvannamalai is a temple city and a major pilgrimage centre in Tamil Nadu. The city is the marketing and service city for the surrounding places. Being the administrative headquarters of the Tiruvannamalai district, Tiruvannamalai has a lot of tertiary sector activities. Trade and commerce and service activities are the major contributors to the economy of the city. In 1991, 7.93% of the population was involved in primary sector, 21.34% in secondary sector and 70.73% in tertiary sector activities. The city had a female work participation of 11%. Due to the urbanisation from 1971, there has been dip in primary sector activities and a proportional increase in the tertiary sector activities. There is limited agricultural activity within the city limits. The secondary sector involves manufacturing and construction, whose growth has remained stable over the decades. There are a number of oil mills, rice mills and agro based industries within the Tiruvannamalai city limits. The tertiary sector activities of trade, commerce, transport, storage, communication and other services has been increasing due to the increasing number of tourists to the city. The patronage to Girivalam has increased informal economic activities around the city.[38][39][40] The major commercial activities are concentrated around Car Street, Thiruvoodal Street, Kadambarayan Street, Asaliamman Koil Street, Sivanpada Street and Polur Road.[41]
All major nationalised banks such as State Bank of India, Vijaya Bank, Union Bank, Bank of India, Indian Bank, Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra and private banks like ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, DBS Bank, Tamilnad Mercantile Bank, IDBI Bank, Bank of Baroda, Karur Vysya Bank and City Union Bank have their branches in Tiruvannamalai. All these banks have their automated teller machines located in various parts of the city. Apart from major banks, the city also has many small finance banks and their automated teller machines.[42]
Culture
The Annamalaiyar Temple is the most prominent landmark of Tiruvannamalai. The temple complex covers an area of 10 ha (25 acres), and is one of the largest temples in India.
The Annamalaiyar temple is one of the Pancha Bhoota Stalas, or five Shiva temples, with each a manifestation of a natural
The most important festival of the Annamalaiyar temple is celebrated during the
Every full moon, tens of thousands of pilgrims worship Annamalaiyar by circumambulating the Annamalai hill barefoot.[51] The circumambulation covers a distance of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi), and is referred as Girivalam.[55][56] According to Hindu legend, the walk removes sins, fulfils desires and helps achieve freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth.[16] Offerings are made in a string of tanks, shrines, pillared meditation halls, springs and caves around the hill.[12]
The
Transport
The Tindivanam – Krishnagiri national highway,
Tiruvannamalai is served by the city bus service operated by the
The nearest airport is at Chennai, which is located 172 km (107 mi) from the town.[63]
Villages
Municipal administration and politics
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: The information on elections and elected officials is outdated.(August 2023) |
Municipality officials | |
---|---|
Chairman | Special Officer[66] |
Commissioner | Parthasarathi[67] |
Vice-chairman | P. Hema[68] |
Elected members | |
Member of Legislative Assembly | E.V.Velu[69] |
Member of Parliament | C. N. Annadurai[70] |
The Tiruvannamalai municipality was established in 1886 during British times. It was promoted to a second-grade municipal municipality in 1959, first grade in 1974, selection grade in 1998 and special grade in 2008.[71] The municipality has 39 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards.[72] The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.[73] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 39 members, one each from the 39 wards.[72] The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson[66] assisted by a deputy chairperson.[68]
Tiruvannamalai comes under the
During the 1957 elections, Tiruvannamalai was a part of Tiruvannamalai parliamentary constituency and was held by an independent.
Law and order in the town is maintained by the Tiruvannamalai sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent (DSP).[90] There are three police stations in the town, one of them being an all-women police station.[91] There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police (SP).[90]
Education and utility services
There are 45 elementary schools, 12 high schools and 28 higher secondary schools in Tiruvannamalai. There are seven arts & science colleges, six engineering colleges, 1 law college and 2 medical college in the town.
Notes
- ^ The municipalities in Tamil Nadu are graded special, selection, grade I and grade II based on income and population.
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References
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- Urban Infrastructure report (2008). Conversion of City Corporate Plan into Business Plan (PDF) (Report). Tamilnadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.