Paadal Petra Sthalam

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The twelve volumes of Tamil Śaiva hymns of the sixty-three Nayanars
Parts Name Author
1,2,3 Thirukadaikkappu Sambandar
4,5,6 Thevaram
Thirunavukkarasar
7 Thirupaatu Sundarar
8
Thirukkovaiyar
Manickavasagar
9
Thiruvisaippa
&
Tiruppallaandu		 Various
10
Thirumandhiram
Thirumular
11 Various
12 Periya Puranam
Sekkizhar
Paadal Petra Sthalam
Paadal Petra Sthalam
Rajaraja I
Nambiyandar Nambi

The Paadal Petra Sthalam (

Vaishnava Alvars of Tamil Nadu
, India.

Tevaram

The three foremost Nayanars with Manikkavacakar - collectively called the Nalvar: (from left) Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar, and Manikkavacakar.

Tevaram literally means, "garland of divine songs" and refers to the collection of verses sung in praise of Shiva, the supreme god of the

Sanskritisation of names of the temples are carried out in later period that superseded the names mentioned in Tevaram - some of the common examples are Chidambaram as against Tillai in Tevaram and Kumbakonam as against Kudanthai.[4]

The 275 temples that are mentioned in Tevaram are referred as the Paadal Petra Sthalam, meaning the temples that were sung in the verses. On the contrary, Vaippu Sthalam are temples that were mentioned casually in the songs of the text. In modern times, the verses of the Tevaram are sung daily and during the festive occasions in most Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu by musicians called Odhuvars.[5]

Thiruvasagam

Manikkavacakar is considered the 4th in the line of Shaiva Kuravars, whose verses are classified as Thiruvasagam. There is a saying that "Thiruvasagathuku urugar, oru vasagathukum orugar" meaning the person who does not budge for thiruvasagam won't budge for anything else.[citation needed]

Description

There are around 276 temples that are revered by the verses of

Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu.[1]
267 temples in Tamil Nadu , 2 temples in Andhra pradesh, 1 temple in kerala, 1 temple in karnataka, 2 temples in Uttarakhand, 2 temples in Sri Lanka, 1 temple in Nepal, and Tirukailayam in Mount Kailash. The list is as shown below.

Chola Nadu - North of Kaveri Chola Nadu - South of Kaveri Eezha Nadu Pandya Nadu Malai Nadu

1.

Kovil (Chidambaram)

2. Tiruvetkalam
3. Tirunelvayil
4. Tirukkazhippalai
5. Tirunallurpperumanam
6. Mahendrapalli
7. Ten Tirumullaivayil
8. Kalikkaamoor
9.
Tiruchaaikaadu

10. Pallavaneeswaram
11. Thiruvenkadu
12. Keezhai Tirukkattuppalli
13. Thirukkurugavur
14.
Sirkazhi

15. Tirukkolakka
16.
Pullirukkuvelur
(Vaideeswaran Koyil)

17. Kannaar Kovil
18. Tirukkadaimudi
19. Tiruninriyur
20.
Tiruppunkur

21. Tiruneedur
22. Anniyur
23. Tiruvelvikudi
24. Edirkolpaadi
25. Tirumanancheri
26.
Tirukkurukkai

27.
Karuppariyalur

28. Kurakkukka
29. Tiruvaalkoliputrur
30. Tirumannippadikkarai
31. Omampuliyur
32. Tirukkaanaattumulloor
33. Tirunaarayur
34. Kadambur
35.
Pandanallur

36. Kanjanoor
37. Tirukkodikka
38. Tirumangalakkudi
39.
Tiruppanantaal

40.
Tiruvaappaadi

41. Tirucheignalur
42. Tirundudevankudi
43.
Tiruviyalur

44.
Kottaiyur

45. Innambar
46. Thirupirambiyam
47. Vijayamangai
48.
Tiruvaikavur

49. Vadakurangaaduturai
50.
Tiruppazhanam

51.
Thiruvaiyaru

52.
Tiruneittanam

53. Tirupperumpuliyur
54. Thirumazhapadi
55. Tiruppazhuvur (Aalanturai)
56. Tirukkaanoor
57.
Anbilalanturai

58.
Tirumaanturai

59. Tiruppaatrurai
60. Tiru Aanaikkaa
61. Tiruppainneeli
62. Tiruppaachilasramam
63. Tiruveengoimalai

1. Vaatpokki
2. Kadambar Kovil
3. Thirupparaithurai
4. Tirukkarkudi
(Uyyakkondan Malai)
5. Thirumukeeswaram
6.

Tiruchirappalli

7.
Tiruverumbur

8. Nedunkalam
9. Melaittirukkattuppalli
10. Tiruvalampozhil
11. Tiruppoonturutti
12.
Thirukkandiyur

13.
Tiruchotrutturai

14.
Tiruvedikudi

15. Tenkudittittai
16.
Tirupullamangai

17.
Tiruchakrapalli

18.
Thirukkarugavur

19. Tiruppaalaitturai(Papanasam)
20. Tirunallur
21.
Aavoor Pasupateeswaram

22.
Satthi Mutram

23.
Patteswaram

24. Pazhayarai
25. Tiruvalanchuzhi
26.
Adi Kumbeswarar Temple

27.
Tirukkudandai Keezhkottam

28.
Kudandaikkaaronam

29.
Tirunageswaram

30. Tiruvidaimarudur
31.
Ten Kurangaaduturai

32. Tiruneelakkudi
33. Tiruvaikalmaadakkovil
34. Tirunallam
35. Tirukkozhambam
36. Tiruvavaduturai
37.
Tirutturutti

38. Tiruvazhundur
39. Mayiladuturai
40. Viilanagar
41.
Tiruppariyalur

42. Tiruchemponpalli
43. Tirunanipalli
44. Tiruvalampuram
45.
Tiruttalaichankadu

46. Aakkoor
47.
Tirukkadavur

48. Tirukkadavur Mayaanam
49. Tiruvettakkudi
50. Tiruttelicheri
51. Dharumapuram
52.
Thirunallar

53. Tirukkottaru
54. Ambar
55. Ambar Maakaalam
56. Tirumeeyachur
57. Tirumeeyachur Ilamkovil
58. Thilataipati
59. Tiruppaampuram
60. Sirukudi
61. Tiruveezhimizhalai
62. Tiruvanniyur
63. Karuvili Kottittai
64.
Penu Perunturai

65. Naraiyur
66. Arisirkaraiputtur
67. Sivapuram
68.
Kalayanallur

69. Tirukkarukkudi
70. Tiruvanchiyam
71. Nannilam
72. Tirukkondeeswaram
73. Tiruppanaiyur
74.
Virkudi

75. Tiruppugalur
76. Tiruppugalur Vardhamaneswaram
77. Ramanadeeswaram
78. Tiruppayatrankudi
79. Tiruchenkattankudi
80.
Thirumarugal

81. Tiruchaattamangai
82. Nagaikkaronam
83. Sikkal
84.
Keevalur

85. Tiruttevur
86. Palliyin Mukkoodal
87. Achaleswaram
88. Tiruvarur
89. Arurparavaiumandali
90. Vilamar
91. Karaveeram
92. Peruvelur
93. Talaiyalankadu
94. Tirukkudavaayil
95. Tirucherai
96. Tirunalurmayaanam
97.
Kaduvaaikaaraiputhur

98. Tiruvirumpoolai
99. Aradaipperumpazhi
100.Avalivanallur
101.Paridiniyamam
102. Tiruvenniyur (Koyil venni)
103. Tiruppoovanur
104. Paadaaleeswaram
105. Tirukkalar
106. Tiruchitremam
107. Tiru Usaattaanam
108. Tiruidumbavanam
109. Kadikkulam
110. Tandalaineeneri
111. Kottur
112. Vanduturai
113. Tirukkollampudur
114. Pereyil
115. Tirukkollikkadu
116. Tenkoor
117. Tirunellikka
118. Tirunatyattankudi
119. Tirukkarayil
120.
Kanraappur

121. Valivalam
122. Kaichinam
123. Tirukkolili
124. Tiruvaimur
125. Tirumaraikkadu
126.
Tiru Agathiyan Palli

127. Kodikkarai
128. Kiliyanur
129. Tiruvidaivai

1.

Tirukkonamalai

2.
Tirukketheeswaram

1.

Aalavaai (Madurai)

2. Aappudaiyaar Kovil
3.
Tirupparankunram

4. Tiruvedakam
5. Tirukkodunkunram
6. Tirupputhur
7. Thiruppunavayil
8.
Rameswaram

9. Tiruvadanai
10.
Tirukkaanapper

11. Tiruppoovanam
12. Thiruchuzhial
13. Thirukutralam
14. Tirunelveli

1.

Thiruvanchikulam

Kongu Nadu Nadu Nadu
Tondai Nadu
 Erumai Nadu Vada Nadu

1. Avinaasi
2. Thirumuruganpoondi
3.

Thirunana

4.
Kodimadachenkunoor

5. Venchamaakoodal
6.
Paandikkodumudi

7.
Karuvoor Aanilai

1. Tirunelvayil Aratturai
2. Pennaagadam
3. Goodalaiyatrur
4. Erukkattampuliyur
5. Tiruttinai Nagar
6. Tiruchopuram
7.

Tiruvatikai

8.
Thirunaavalur

9.
Tirumudukunram

10. Tirunelvennei
11.
Tirukkovilur

12. Arankandanallur
13. Tiruvidaiyaru
14. Thiruvennainallur
15. Tirutturaiyur
16. Vatukur
17.
Tirumaanikkuzhi

18. Thirupathiripuliyur
19. Tirumundeeswaram
20. Puravaar Panankattur
21.
Tiruvamathur

22.
Tiruvannamalai

1. Kachi Ekambam
2.

Kachi Metrali

3. Onakanthan Thali
4.
Kachi Anekatangavadam

5.
Kachi Nerikkaaraikkadu

6. Kuranganilmuttam
7.
Tirumaagaral

8. Tiruvothur
9. Panankattur
10. Tiruvallam
11. Thirumarperu
12. Tiruvooral, Takkolam
13. Ilambayankottur
14. Tiruvirkolam
15. Thiruvalangadu
16. Tiruppaasur
17. Tiruvenpakkam
18. Tirukkallil
19.
Sri Kalahasti

20.
Thiruvotriyur

21.
Tiruvalithayam

22. Vada Tirumullaivayil
23.
Thiruverkadu

24.
Tirumayilai

25. Thiruvanmiyur
26. Tirukkachoor
27. Tiruvidaichuram
28.
Tirukalukundram

29.
Tiru Acharapakkam

30.
Tiruvakkarai

31. Arasili
32. Irumbai Maakalam

1. Gokarnam

1.

Indraneelaparvatam
(Nepal)

2.
Srisailam

3.
Anekatangavadam
(Gowrikund)

4. Tirukkedaram
(Kedarnath)
5.
Tirukkayilaayam
(Mount Kailash)

Pancha Bhuta Sthalams

Main article: Pancha Bhuta Sthalam

This refers to the temples that are the manifestations of the five elements of the universe according to Hinduism: land, water, air, sky, and fire.

Category Temple Location
Land Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram
Fire
Arunachaleshwarar Temple
Thiruvannamalai
Water Thiruvanaikaval
Trichy
Sky
Chidambaram Temple
 Chidambaram
Air
Sri Kalahastheeswara Swami Temple
Kalahasthi, Andhra Pradesh

Pancha Sabhai Sthalams

Main article: Pancha Sabhai

This is a category temples where Shiva is believed to have performed his cosmic dance called the tandava.

Category Temple Location Element
Rathinachabai Vada aaranyeswarar Temple Thiruvalangadu Emerald
Porchabai
Natarajar Temple
 Chidambaram Gold
Vellichabai
Meenakshi Amman Temple
 Madurai Silver
Thamirachabai Nellaiappar Temple Tirunelveli Copper
Chithirachabai Kutralanathar Temple Thirukutralam Art

Ashta Veerattam Sthalams

Further information: Category:Ashta Veeratta Stalam

This category includes eight temples where Shiva is believed to have vanquished his foe. The eight temples are in 1. Thiruvadhikai 2. Thirukoyilur 3. Thirukkadayur 4. Vazhoovur 5. Thirukkurakaval ( kurukkai ) 6. Thiruppaliyalur 7. Thirukandiyur 8. Thiruvirkudi.

Temple Foe Location District Image
Tiruvadigai Veerattaaneswarar Temple
 Tripurantaka Tiruvadigai, Panruti Cuddalore district
Korukkai Veeratteswarar Temple
 Kamadeva Tirukurukkai Nagapattinam district
Tirukkovilur Veerateshwarar Temple
 Andhaka Tirukoilur Tiruvannamalai district
Amirtagateswarar Temple
 Yama
Thirukadaiyur
 Nagapattinam district
Vazhuvur Verateswarar Temple
 Gajasura
Vazhuvoor, Mayiladuthurai
 Nagapattinam district
Keelaparasalur Veerateswarar Temple
 Daksha Tirupariyalur Nagapattinam district
Kandeeswarar Temple
 Brahma
Thirukkandiyur
 Thanjavur district
Tiruvirkudi Veerataneswarar Temple
 Jalandhara Thiruvirkudi
Thiruvarur district

Sapta Vidangam

The

Cauvery delta. All seven Thyagaraja images are said to dance when taken in procession (it is the bearers of the processional deity who actually dance). The temples with dance styles are regarded as Sapta Vidangam (seven dance moves)[8] and the related temples are as under:[9]

Temple Vidangar Temple Dance pose Meaning
Thyagarajar Temple, Tiruvarur Vidhividangar Ajaba Natanam Dance without chanting, resembling the dance of Sri Thyagaraja resting on Vishnu's chest
Dharbaranyeswarar Temple
, Tirunallar 		Nagaravidangar Unmatha natanam Dance of an intoxicated person
Kayarohanaswamy Temple, Nagapattinam Sundaravidangar Vilathi natanam Dancing like waves of sea
Kannayariamudayar Temple, Thirukarayil Adhividangar Kukuda natanam Dancing like a cock
Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Thirukkuvalai Avanividangar Brunga natanam Dancing like a bee that hovers over a flower
Vaimoornaathar Temple, Tiruvaimur Nallavidangar Kamala natanam Dance like lotus that moves in a breeze
Vedaranyeswarar Temple, Vedaranyam Bhuvanivividangar Hamsapatha natanam Dancing with the gait of a swan

Sapta Stanam

The sapthasthanam festival is conducted at

Tiruvaiyaru. The palanquins are paraded near the car stand, the crowd witnessed the Poochorithal(flower festival) in which a doll offers flowers to the principal deities in the palanquins. After the Poochorithal, the palanquins leave for their respective places.[10]
The seven temples are

Temple Place District
Aiyarappar temple
 Thiruvaiyaru Thanjavur
Apathsahayar Temple Tirupazhanam Thanjavur
Odhanavaneswarar Temple Tiruchotruthurai Thanjavur
Vedapuriswarar Temple Thiruvedhikudi Thanjavur
Kandeeswarar Temple
Thirukkandiyur
 Thanjavur
Puvananathar Temple Thirupanturuthi Thanjavur
Neyyadiappar Temple
Tiruneithaanam
 Thanjavur

Sapta Mangai Stalangal

The seven temples are:

Temple Presiding deity/consort Mangai Location
Chakravageshwarar Temple
 Chakravageshwarar/Devanayagi Chakramangai Chakkarapalli, Thanjavur
Arimutheeswarar Temple Arimutheeswarar/Gnambikai Harimangai Ariyamangai, Thanjavur
Krithivageswarar temple Krithivageswarar/Alangaravalli Soolamangai Soolamangalam, Thanjavur
Jambugeswarar Temple Jambugeswarar/Akilandeswari Nandimangai
Tirupullamangai, Thanjavur
Pasumangai Temple Pasupatiswarar/Palvalainayagi Pasumangai
Thirukkandiyur, Thanjavur
Chandramouleeswarar Temple Chandramouleeswarar/Rajarajeswari Thazhamangai Thazhamangai, Thanjavur
Tirupullamangai Temple Alandurainathar/Soundaranayagi Pullamangai Pullamangai, Thanjavur

Aathara Stalam

Main article:
Aathara Stalam

Aathara Stalam indicates the places that serve as the personifications of tantric chakras associated with the human anatomy. Annamalaiyar temple is called the Manipooraga stalam[11] associated with Manipooraga, regarded to be the human anatomical cause for spiritual ignorance, thirst, jealousy, treachery, shame, fear, disgust, delusion, foolishness, and sadness.[12] Five temples are located in Tamil Nadu, one in Andhra Pradesh, and one at Varanasi.

Tantric Chakra Description Temple Location Symbol
Sahasrara
(Sanskrit: सहस्रार,Sahasrār) 		Above head Madurai Meenakshi Temple Madurai
Ajna
(Sanskrit: आज्ञा, ājñā [aːɟɲaː]) 		Brain directly behind eyebrow Kashi Vishwanath Temple Varanasi
Visuthi
(Sanskrit: विशुद्ध, Viśuddha) 		Neck region near spine
Natarajar Temple
 Chidambaram
Anahata
(Sanskrit: अनाहत, Anāhata) 		Central channel behind spine
Sri Kalahastheeswara Swami Temple
Kalahasthi
Manipooragam
(Sanskrit: मणिपूर, Maṇipūra) 		Spine directly behind the navel
Arunachaleshwarar Temple
Thiruvannamalai
Swathistanam

(Sanskrit: स्वाधिष्ठान, Svādhiṣṭhāna) 		One's own abode Thiruvanaikaval
Trichy
Moolatharam
(Sanskrit: मूलाधार, Mūlādhāra) 		Basal end of the spinal Thyagaraja Swamy Temple or Ekambareswarar Temple
Tiruvarur/Kanchipuram

Gallery

See also

External

Notes

  1. ^ a b "A comprehensive description of the 276 Shivastalams glorified by the Tevaram hymns". templenet.com. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  2. ^ "Understanding some aspects of Hinduism". Daily News. Colombo, Sri Lanka. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  3. ^ SAK, Durga (1 January 2009). "The Oxford Illustrated Companion to South Indian Classical Music". Journal of the Indian Musicological Society. Indian Musicological Society. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  4. JSTOR 604837
    .
  5. ^ Shulman, David (1 January 1997). "Tevaram: Ayvuttunai (Tevaram: Etudes et glossaire tamouls)". The Journal of the American Oriental Society. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  6. ^ V., Meena (1974). Temples in South India (1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. pp. 33–4.
  7. ^ Glimpses of the history of Karaikkal.Saroja Sundararajan
  8. ^ The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras: Volumes 33-34 .Music Academy (Madras, India) - 1962
  9. ^ Nityasumaṅgalī: devadasi tradition in South India .P.146. Saskia C. Kersenboom-Story
  10. ^ http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/22/stories/2011042255521400.htm.The Hindu
  11. ^ Kamalabaskaran 1994
  12. ^ Spear 2011. p. 121

References

  • Kamalabaskaran, Iswari (1994). The light of Arunachaleswarar. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd.
  • Spear, Heidi (2011). The Everything Guide to Chakra Healing: Use Your Body's Subtle Energies to promote Health, Healing and Happiness. USA: Adams Media.
    ISBN 978-1-4405-2649-7
    .
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