Thrissur

Coordinates: 10°31′39.4″N 76°12′51.8″E / 10.527611°N 76.214389°E / 10.527611; 76.214389
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Trissur
)
This article is about the country. For other uses, see Thrissur (disambiguation).

Thrissur
Trichur, Thrissivaperur
Precipitation
3,100 millimetres (120 in)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature20 °C (68 °F)
Websitehttps://thrissur.nic.in/

Thrissur (Malayalam:

Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English
.

Thrissur is also known as the cultural capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history.

Kerala Sahitya Academy.[6] The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[7][8] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan of Vadakumnathan Temple in April or May , in the Malayalam month 'medam'.[5]

Religion is important and varied in Thrissur. The city has historically been a centre of Hindu scholarship, and

Cheraman Juma Masjid, is believed to have been constructed in 629 CE.[10][11][12] Thrissur is home to the Academy of Sharia and Advanced Studies an Islamic institute that is unusual in that it teaches Sanskrit and aspart of the Sanskrit syllabus it includes study of several key Hindu texts.[13][14][15][16][17][18]

The city is the headquarters of four major

Dhanalakshmi Bank and ESAF Small Finance Bank[19] as well as several chit funds.[20] The city is also a big centre for silks and gold jewellery. Thrissur attracts the largest number of domestic tourists in Kerala.[21]

Thrissur is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions, including the

Kerala Institute of Local Administration, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Kerala Police Academy, Police Dog Training Centre, Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy, Excise Academy and Research Centre, Government College Of Music And Performing Arts, Government College of Fine Arts, Government Law College, Government Engineering College, Government Medical College and Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College.[22][23][24]

Etymology

The name Thrissur (

Vadakkumnathan Temple, which has Shiva as its presiding deity.[25] Thrissur was known by its anglicized name Trichur until 1990 when the government decided to replace it with its Malayalam name. Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.[26]

History

Main article: History of Thrissur

The presence of numerous prehistoric megaliths and dolmens indicates that Thrissur has been occupied from at least 1000 BCE to 500 CE.[27][28]

Swaraj Round
from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway

The

Zamorin of Calicut in 1710.[29]

Thrissur rose to importance after Maharaja

Brahmins from adjoining areas.[29]

During 1750–60

Cochin into a British Protectorate.[citation needed]

The first known map of Thrissur City with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by John Gould
in 1816

The Indian independence movement gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of the Indian National Congress. The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years, and Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it.[31][32]

Swaraj Round.[33][34]

In 1947, when India gained independence from colonial rule, Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin. Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Thrissur
Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands
is one of largest, highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala. It acts as natural drainage for City of Thrissur.

Thrissur is the headquarters of

Changanacherry.[35] The city is located in a hillock called Thekkinkadu Maidan which is the second highest point in the city after the Vilangan Hills. The city has an average altitude of 2.83 meters above sea level.[35]

From the hillock, the city gradually flattens into the Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands, which act as natural drainage for the city. The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into the Laccadive Sea, keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala.[36][37][38][39]

The city is located in the midland region of Kerala, with an extended part of the Palakkad plains.

volcanic
activity.

Vadakkechira, Thrissur
prevent flooding during monsoon season.

Climate

Under the

southwest monsoon from June to September. October and November form the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats. Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year. Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around 30 °C or 86 °F.[42]

The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is approximately 3,100 millimetres or 122 inches. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 36 °C or 96.8 °F while the minimum temperature recorded is 27 °C or 80.6 °F. The winter season records a maximum average of 31 °C or 87.8 °F and a minimum average of 20 °C or 68 °F.[42]

Climate data for Thrissur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31
(88) 		32
(90) 		35
(95) 		36
(97) 		35
(95) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(89)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21
(70) 		22
(72) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		24
(75)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 32
(1.3) 		26
(1.0) 		39
(1.5) 		147
(5.8) 		391
(15.4) 		576
(22.7) 		391
(15.4) 		367
(14.4) 		417
(16.4) 		467
(18.4) 		223
(8.8) 		47
(1.9) 		3,123
(123)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3 3 5 13 17 26 28 24 18 23 13 4 177
Source: [3]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many Malayaliee entrepreneurs

rolled gold jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.[45][46] The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.[47][48]
The artisans based in these units craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.

The Town Hall in Thrissur

According to the

Kerala State Financial Enterprise and ESAF Small Finance Bank.[49][50][51] Many chit funds, a type of Indian savings and credit system, are located in Thrissur. In 2010, an estimated 3,000 chit fund companies were located in Thrissur, employing approximately 35,000 people.[52][53]

South Indian Bank headquarters in Thrissur City

The city is a hub for the Ayurvedic drug-manufacturing industry. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing companies in Kerala, about 150, including some of the largest in the state like Oushadhi, Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, KP Namboodiris, are located in and around the city.[54] Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster, another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in Koratty in Thrissur District.[55][56][57][58]

Retail businesses in Thrissur include

Joyalukkas and Josco Group.[59] InfoPark Thrissur, the fourth technology park in Kerala, is situated in Thrissur District.[60][61][62] Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.[21]

Administration

Main article: Administration of Thrissur
Municipal Corporation Officials
Mayor M K Varghese
Police Commissioner R Adithya IPS
Deputy mayor Rajashree Gopan
Members of Legislative Assembly
Thrissur Assembly Constituency
 P. Balachandran
Ollur Assembly Constituency
 K. Rajan (politician)
Member of Parliament
Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency T. N. Prathapan
Main article: Thrissur Municipal Corporation
Municipal Corporation Building, Thrissur seen from M.O. Road

Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.[63][64] In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed, and in 1972, several village councils or panchayats were added to the municipality.[63] On 1 October 2000, the municipal town was upgraded to a municipal corporation and took over the towns and villages of Ayyanthole, Koorkkenchery, Nadathara, Vilvattom (part), Ollur and Ollukkara.

The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur and Cherpu.[65] For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.

It is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The corporation, headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper, directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the city.

Thrissur Urban Development Authority and Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city.[67][68][69][70]

Police services

The city is the headquarters of Thrissur City Police and Thrissur Rural Police. The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into four sub divisions, Thrissur, Kunnamkulam, Ollur and Guruvayur. It also operates 24 police stations, including a woman police station and a traffic police station.[71][72][73]

The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst-while District Armed Police headquarters at

Indian Reserve Battalion, the new commando unit of Kerala Police is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram.[76] Border Security Force (148 battalion) have its first center in Kerala in Thrissur only.[77][78]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1941 57,500—    
1951 69,500+20.9%
1961 73,000+5.0%
1971 76,200+4.4%
1981 77,900+2.2%
1991 74,600−4.2%
2001 317,526+325.6%
2011 315,957−0.5%
Source: [79]

As of 2011[update] India census, Thrissur city had a population of 315,957.

Hindus constitute the majority with 54.20% of the population. Christians constitute 40.04% of the population and Muslims constitute 5.50% of the population in Thrissur city.[80] In Thrissur district Hindu population is 58.42% and Muslim population is 17.07% and Christian population is 24.27%.[81]

Politics

Main article: Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency

Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Thrissur City administration is carried out by Municipal Corporation of Thrissur.

Ollur Assembly Constituency. As of 2021, P. Balachandran is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency and K. Rajan
from Ollur Assembly Constituency.

Thrissur city is also a part of the

MP is T. N. Prathapan of the Indian National Congress. The Lok Sabha seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress (seven terms since 1951) and the Communist Party of India
(ten terms since 1957).

Culture

Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica
is situated in the middle of Thrissur city

Festivals

Kerala Sahitya Academy
building in Thrissur

Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries.

Medam (mid-April to mid-may) as per the Malayalam calendar. For thirty-six hours, the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants.[82][83][84][85]

Eid and Vishu
.

Elephants play a major part in many of the city's festivals.[88][89] Aanayoottu (feeding of elephants), held in Vadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually, is the world's largest elephant feeding ceremony. The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.[90][91][92]

Literature

Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set up

Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy and College of Fine Arts, Thrissur for promoting literature, music and arts in Kerala. After the Indian Independence, Thrissur became the literary capital of Kerala as turned to the playground of novelist, poets and orators. In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister Professor Joseph Mundassery, it become the abode of writer's like O. V. Vijayan, Kovilan, V. K. N., Uroob, Edasseri Govindan Nair, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, K. G. Sankara Pillai and Sarah Joseph. The area was later known as Current Moola ("Current Corner").[93] The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011.[94]

Thrissur is home to prominent

Kunhunni Mash, Sukumar Azhikode, K. Satchidanandan, Mullanezhi, Sarah Joseph, Attoor Ravi Varma, Lalitha Lenin, P. Bhaskaran, Joseph Mundassery.[95]

Religious buildings

Swaraj Maidan
Cheraman Juma Mosque, said to be the oldest mosque in India
For more, see Places of worship in Thrissur.

The

Parasurama, is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the Mahabharata
. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala and Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is also situated in the city. Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village, that around 9 km from city center. Sree Guruvayurappan Temple is located in Guruvayur (28 km from Thrissur); it is also referred to as Bhuloka Vaikunta which means "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth".

Asia's tallest church, the

Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral which has an underground shrine, Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur which has been called as Chinna Roma (Small Rome) are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings. Saint Euphrasia's tomb and museum also situated in the city. St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur (28 km from Thrissur) is the first church in India, and Thomas the Apostle
performed the first baptism in India here.

The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kodungallur, (40 km from Thrissur) is the first mosque in India.

Cuisine

The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Rice is the staple food. Achappam, Kuzhalappam, Vatteppam, Unniyappam and Pazham Pori are common snacks. Vellayappam, a kind of

rice hopper
is another dish which is special to the city, there have a food street named vellayappam angadi.

Education

Government Engineering College, Thrissur
See also: List of colleges and universities in Thrissur district

Thrissur, which has been a centre of learning from ancient times, is developing as a modern education hub.

Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) or the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Montessori system.[98][99] There are 93 lower primary schools; 34 upper primary schools;[100][101] and 78 high schools;[102] and 157[103]
higher secondary schools in the city.

Healthcare

Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur
run medical college.
Main article:
Hospitals in Thrissur

The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala, with people from

Ernakulam District coming to Thrissur for medical care. There are three medical colleges in the city: Government Medical College, Thrissur, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute. The Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda Medical College
also situated in city.

Sports

V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium in Thrissur city
Main article: Football in Thrissur

Football is the most popular sport in the city, and there are two football stadiums in the city, Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium and Thope Stadium.The largest and highest temporary stadium in the world as per Guinness Book of World Records was built in the Thrissur Corporation Ground in 1990 for the occasion of Federation Cup football tournament, which was designed by Er. TJ Antony. International ballers and former Indian captains C. V. Pappachan, I. M. Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri, and the Under 17 World Cup player K. P. Rahul belongs to Thrissur. The N.I. David Memorial Trophy, an annual inter-club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year. The football championship was started in 1996 by the Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.[104][105][106][107][108] The city has a floodlit stadium, known as Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium.[109] It also has two indoor stadiums, V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium and a SAI maintained Thrissur Aquatic Complex with international facilities. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to India.[109] Chess prodigy Nihal Sarin is from Thrissur.

Media

The first

General in Malayalam and City Journal in English, are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu
are also available in city.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by

Jose Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope now known as Jose Theatre.[114][115][116]

A film festival, known as

BSNL. BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur.[117] The city also has Broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform.[118][119]

Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are

Asianet Communications Limited), Red FM 91.1 MHz.[121] All India Radio has an AM (630 kHz) and an FM (101.1 MHz) station for the city.[122] The transmitter of the All India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on 4 November 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.[123][124] Thrissur has a Doordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.[125][126][127]

Transport

Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur, is the largest private bus station in Kerala State.
Thrissur railway station
Schematic Road network map of Thrissur City
Main article: Transport in Thrissur

Road

The city is connected to the

National Highway (India) via the four-lane National Highway 544, previously NH 47.[128] The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of Kochi, Palakkad and Coimbatore. NH 544 provides two main exit points at Mannuthy and Thalore
which is bypass to the Thrissur city.

The city is largely dependent on private buses, taxis and

auto rickshaws for public transport. A transit terminal was announced for Puzhakkal in 2013.[129] Land was transferred to the Thissur Mobility Hub Society on a 99-year lease in 2015.[130]

State-owned

Shornur Road, SH 75 Thrissur – Kanjani – Vadanappally
Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.

Railway

The Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city. Thrissur railway station, one of the four A+ railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section. It has a satellite station, Punkunnam railway station[131] and two minor stations, Ollur railway station and Mulankunnathukavu railway station. Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town of Guruvayur by Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line. In addition, Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to Kochi and Palakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services (MEMU).[132][133][134]

Picture gallery

See also

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Further reading

External links
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