Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Kovai | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN | 641XXX |
STD Code | +91-0422 |
Vehicle registration | TN 37 (South), TN 38 (North), TN 66 (Central), TN 99 (West), TN 37Z (Sulur) |
Website | www |
Population Note: The population as per 2011 census calculated basis pre-expansion city area of 105.60 sq.km. was 1,050,721.[2] Post expansion of city limits to 257.04 sq.km.,[3] the population including the new city limits was provided by Government of India for the smart city challenge was 1,601,438.[4] The 2011 census data for the urban agglomeration is available and has been provided.[2] |
Coimbatore, sometimes shortened as Kovai (IPA:
The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the
In 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed
Coimbatore was ranked the best emerging city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual survey, fourth among Indian cities in investment climate by Confederation of Indian Industry and 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons. Coimbatore has been selected as one of the Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT by Government of India. Coimbatore regularly features among the top ten best cities to live in India and is amongst the safest cities in India for women according to National Crime Records Bureau report in 2015.
Etymology
According to one theory, "Coimbatore" is a derivation of Kovanpudhur (literally 'new town of Kovan'), after chieftain Kovan or Koyan, evolved into Koyampuththoor[5] and later anglicised as Coimbatore.[6] Another theory states that the name could have been derived from Kovaiamma. The word evolved from Koyamma, the goddess worshipped by Koyan which became Koniamma and later Kovaiamma.[7]
History
The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the
In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under the
The decline of the cotton industry in
Geography
Coimbatore lies at 11°1′6″N 76°58′21″E / 11.01833°N 76.97250°E in
The city is divided into two distinctive geographic regions: the dry eastern side which includes majority of the urban area of the city and the western region which borders the
The northern part of the city has a rich tropical
Climate
Under the
Coimbatore has a tropical wet and dry climate. It experiences hot and humid summers from March to June with temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 38 °C. The monsoon season starts from July and lasts till October. The city receives moderate rainfall from the south-west monsoon and occasional heavy rainfall from the north-east monsoon. The winter season starts from November and ends in February. The temperatures during this season range from 20 °C to 30 °C.
Due to the south-west monsoon winds passing through the
Climate data for Coimbatore (Coimbatore International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1948–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 35.9 (96.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.6 (108.7) |
41.2 (106.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.2 (97.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.8 (100.0) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
42.6 (108.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.7 (90.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 7.5 (0.30) |
4.2 (0.17) |
25.7 (1.01) |
43.6 (1.72) |
55.2 (2.17) |
23.7 (0.93) |
25.3 (1.00) |
36.1 (1.42) |
52.8 (2.08) |
157.5 (6.20) |
134.6 (5.30) |
33.3 (1.31) |
599.5 (23.61) |
Average rainy days | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 37.6 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
41 | 33 | 31 | 42 | 56 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 67 | 64 | 53 | 54 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[36][39] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1871 | 35,310 | — |
1881 | 38,967 | +10.4% |
1891 | 46,383 | +19.0% |
1901 | 53,080 | +14.4% |
1911 | 47,000 | −11.5% |
1921 | 68,000 | +44.7% |
1931 | 95,000 | +39.7% |
1941 | 130,348 | +37.2% |
1951 | 198,000 | +51.9% |
1961 | 286,000 | +44.4% |
1971 | 356,000 | +24.5% |
1981 | 704,000 | +97.8% |
1991 | 816,321 | +16.0% |
2001 | 930,882 | +14.0% |
2011 | 1,601,438 | +72.0% |
Sources: |
Coimbatore has a population of 1,601,438.
As per the 2001 census,[42] Coimbatore had a population of 930,882 within the municipal corporation limits.[46][47][48] The population of the urban agglomeration as per 2011 census is 2,136,916 with males constituting 50.08% of the population and females 49.92%.[26][44] Coimbatore has an average literacy rate of 89.23%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is 93.17% and female literacy is 85.3% with 8.9% of the population under six years of age. The sex ratio was 964 females per 1000 males.[49] In 2005, the crime rate in the city was 265.9 per 100,000 people, accounting for 1.2% of all crimes reported in major cities in India. It ranked 21st among 35 major cities in India in the incidence of crimes.[50] In 2011, the population density in the city was 10,052 per km2 (26,035 per mi2).[2] Around 8% of the city's population lives in slums.[51]
Administration and politics
Title | Name |
---|---|
Mayor
|
Kalpana. A |
Deputy Mayor | Vetri Selvam. R |
District Collector | Kranthi Kumar Pati |
Commissioner | Kumaravel Pandian, IAS[52] |
Police Commissioner | Sumit Sharan, IPS[53] |
Coimbatore is a
A large part of the
Coimbatore has traditionally been a stronghold of the
Economy
A major hub for manufacturing, education and healthcare in Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore is among the fastest growing
Coimbatore region experienced a textile boom in the 1920s and 1930s.
Coimbatore is the second largest producer of software in the state after Chennai. TIDEL Park Coimbatore and other Information technology parks in the city has aided in the growth of IT and Business process outsourcing industries in the city. It is ranked at 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons.[85] Software exports stood at ₹7.1 billion (US$89 million) for the financial year 2009–10 up 90% from the previous year.[86] Coimbatore has a large and diversified manufacturing sector and a number of engineering colleges producing about 50,000 engineers annually.[87]
Coimbatore is a major center for the manufacture of automotive components in India with car manufacturers
Coimbatore is also referred to as "the Pump City" as it supplies nearly 50% of India's requirements of motors and pumps.[93] The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery renowned for diamond cutting, cast and machine made jewellery.[94][95][96][97] There are about 3,000 jewellery manufacturers employing over 40,000 goldsmiths.[98][99][100]
Coimbatore has a large number of poultry farms and is a major producer of chicken eggs. The city contributes to nearly 95% of processed chicken meat exports.[101] Coimbatore has some of the country's oldest flour mills and these mills which cater to all the southern states, have a combined grinding capacity of more than 50,000 MT per month. The hospitality industry has seen a growth in the 21st century with new upscale hotels being set up.[102][103][104] Coimbatore is the largest non-metro city for e-commerce in South India.[105]
Culture
Coimbatore and its people have a reputation for entrepreneurship.[106][107] Though it is generally considered a traditional city, Coimbatore is diverse and cosmopolitan.[106][108][109] The World Classical Tamil Conference 2010 was held in Coimbatore.[110] The heavy industrialisation of the city has also resulted in the growth of trade unions.[111] The city is regularly features among the top 10 best cities to live in India.[112] 24 November, the date of establishment of Coimbatore as a district is celebrated as "Coimbatore Day".[113]
Language
Religion
The city's population is predominantly
The
Cuisine
Coimbatore cuisine is predominantly
Coimbatore has an active street food culture and various cuisine options for dining. Arisi paruppu sadam and sambar sadam, made from a mixture of dal and rice, is a recipe that existed from the 4th century CE that is unique to the area. Ariseemparuppu or arisi paruppu satham (literally translated as Rice and dal) originated from Coimbatore and the people of the city celebrate January 8 as national Aruseemparuppu day, after given light by a popular influencer and food consultant.[152] Kaalaan is a popular dish prepared by simmering deep-fried mushrooms (usually chopped) in a spicy broth until it reaches a porridge-like consistency; the dish is served sprinkled with chopped onions and coriander leaves.[153][154] Chaats made from potatoes and a mix of other vegetables and spices are also popular.[155]
Arts
Transport
Air
The city is served by the
Sulur Air Force Station, located at Kangayampalayam is an air base operated by the Indian Air Force and accommodates Antonov An-32 heavy air lifter aircraft, Mil Mi-8 transport helicopters and the HAL Dhruv helicopters of the Sarang helicopter display team.[170] The first squadron of indigenously built HAL Tejas will be inducted at Sulur AFS and Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft were stationed at the base by 2016.[171][172]
Rail
Train service in Coimbatore started in 1861, upon the construction of the
Metro rail
The Central Government proposed a metro rail system for 16 tier-2 cities in India including Coimbatore in 2010. In 2011, the Government of Tamil Nadu shelved the proposal in favour of a monorail. Coimbatore Railway Struggle Committee has also protested to implement metro rail project in Coimbatore. In 2013, E. Sreedharan made survey and announced metro rail as suitable transport for Coimbatore In 2017, the Government of Tamil Nadu proposed a metro for Coimbatore.[180] Feasibility studies were completed in 2021 and five corridors were proposed.[181]
Road
There are six major arterial roads in the city:
Highway Number | Destination | Via |
---|---|---|
544 | Salem | Perundurai, Chithode |
Kochi | Palakkad, Thrissur | |
948 | Bangalore | Chamrajnagar
|
81 | Chidambaram | Karur, Tiruchirappalli |
181 | Gundlupet | Mettupalayam, Udagamandalam |
83 | Nagapattinam | Pollachi, Udumalaipettai, Palani, Oddanchatram, Dindigul, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur |
Apart from State and National Highways, the city corporation maintains a 635.32 kilometres (394.77 miles) long road network.
Bus
Town buses started operating in 1921 and serve most parts of the city, as well as other towns and villages in the district. The number of inter-city routes operated by Coimbatore division is 119 with a fleet of more than 500 buses.[196] It also operates town buses on 257 intra-city routes.[197] The intra-city buses operate from major bus stations in Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus, Singanallur Bus Terminus, Ukkadam Bus Terminus and Saibaba Colony Bus Terminus to other parts across the city. Inter-city and intra-city buses that connect Coimbatore operate from different bus stands:[198][199][200][201]
Location | Bus Station | Destinations |
---|---|---|
Gandhipuram | Central | Kangayam
|
SETC | Puducherry, Thiruvananthapuram, Mysuru
| |
Omni Bus Stand[202] | Private mofussil buses | |
Singanallur | Singanallur | Madurai, Tirunelveli, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Karaikudi, Karur, Kumbakonam, Theni, Dindigul |
Ukkadam | Ukkadam | Udumalpet
|
Mettupalayam Road | Coimbatore North | Mettupalayam, Udagamandalam |
The Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus planned at Vellalore was cancelled midway in 2023 due to a lack of sufficient approach roads to the terminus and a hazardous waste dump nearby.[203]
Education
Coimbatore is a major educational hub.
As of 2023[update], the district is home to seven universities, 46 engineering colleges, 21 management schools, eight architectural schools, three medical colleges, two dental colleges, 27 polytechnics and 62 arts and science colleges.
The city houses Government research institutes including the
Three types of schools operate in Coimbatore: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts.
Utility services
Media
Four major English newspapers The Hindu, The Times of India, Deccan Chronicle and The New Indian Express bring out editions from the city.[219] Business Line, a business newspaper also brings out a Coimbatore edition. Tamil newspapers which have Coimbatore editions include Dinamalar, Dina Thanthi, Dinamani, Dinakaran, Tamil Murasu and Maalai Malar (both evening newspapers).[220][221][222] Two Malayalam newspapers – Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi also have considerable circulation in the city.[223] Lotus News is headquartered in Coimbatore.[224]
A
Telecommunication
Coimbatore has a well-connected communications infrastructure. Till the 1990s the state owned
Healthcare
As of 2010, the size of the health care industry in Coimbatore is estimated at ₹1,500 crore (US$190 million).[237] There are around 750 hospitals in the city with an in-patient capacity of 5,000 beds.[238] These hospitals include single speciality institutions like eye care clinics (e.g. Aravind Eye Hospitals) and also multi special hospitals.[239] The first health care centre in the city was started in 1909. Coimbatore Medical College Hospital and ESI Hospital are government run tertiary care hospitals and provide free health care.[240] The city corporation maintains 16 dispensaries and two maternity homes.[28] People from nearby districts and the state of Kerala visit Coimbatore for medical tourism due to the availability of hospitals and healthcare facilities.[241][242][243][244]
Sports and recreation
Coimbatore is often referred to as "India's Motorsports Hub" and the "Backyard of Indian Motorsports".
City based teams
Club | Sport | League | Home Stadium | Founded |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lyca Kovai Kings
|
Cricket | Tamil Nadu Premier League | SNR Sons College Ground | 2016 |
Chennai City F.C.[258]
|
Football | I-League | Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium[259] | 2016 |
Recreation
There are several amusement parks around the city:
Environmental issues
Air pollution, lack of proper waste management infrastructure and degradation of water bodies are the major environmental issues in Coimbatore. There is a
Notable people
International relations
Coimbatore has a
Country | City | State / Region | Since |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Toledo[292] | Ohio | 2009 |
Germany | Esslingen[293] | Baden-Württemberg | 2016 |
Alliance Française de Madras, a Franco-Indian non-profit association promoting the growth of French in India, has a centre at PSG Institute of Management in Coimbatore.[294]
See also
Notes
References
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External links
- Coimbatore travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Coimbatore Municipal Corporation Website
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905. .