Coimbatore

Coordinates: 11°01′00″N 76°57′20″E / 11.01667°N 76.95556°E / 11.01667; 76.95556
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Coimbatore
Kovai
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
641XXX
STD Code+91-0422
Vehicle registrationTN 37 (South), TN 38 (North), TN 66 (Central), TN 99 (West), TN 37Z (Sulur)
Websitewww.ccmc.gov.in
Population Note: The population as per 2011 census calculated basis pre-expansion city area of 105.60 sq.km. was 1,050,721.[2] Post expansion of city limits to 257.04 sq.km.,[3] the population including the new city limits was provided by Government of India for the smart city challenge was 1,601,438.[4] The 2011 census data for the urban agglomeration is available and has been provided.[2]

Coimbatore, sometimes shortened as Kovai (IPA:

Coimbatore District and is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation
which was established in 1981.

The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the

Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai
.

In 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed

Geographical Indications by the Government of India. Being a hub of textile industry in South India
, the city is referred to as the "Manchester of South India".

Coimbatore was ranked the best emerging city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual survey, fourth among Indian cities in investment climate by Confederation of Indian Industry and 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons. Coimbatore has been selected as one of the Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT by Government of India. Coimbatore regularly features among the top ten best cities to live in India and is amongst the safest cities in India for women according to National Crime Records Bureau report in 2015.

Etymology

According to one theory, "Coimbatore" is a derivation of Kovanpudhur (literally 'new town of Kovan'), after chieftain Kovan or Koyan, evolved into Koyampuththoor[5] and later anglicised as Coimbatore.[6] Another theory states that the name could have been derived from Kovaiamma. The word evolved from Koyamma, the goddess worshipped by Koyan which became Koniamma and later Kovaiamma.[7]

History

The Sugarcane Breeding Institute at Coimbatore, 1928

The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the

Madurai Nayaks, who were the military governors of the Vijaynagara Empire, took control of the region. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom. They introduced the Palayakkarar system under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams(towns).[14]

Aerial view of the city, circa 1930

In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under the

Great Famine of 1876–78 resulting in nearly 200,000 famine related fatalities. The first three decades of the 20th century saw nearly 20,000 plague-related deaths and acute water shortage.[20][21]

The decline of the cotton industry in

Islamist group Al Ummah bombed 11 places across the city killing 58 people and injuring more than 200.[25]

Geography

Western Ghats along the Coimbatore-Palakkad National Highway
Ukkadam Periyakulam, one of the major lakes

Coimbatore lies at 11°1′6″N 76°58′21″E / 11.01833°N 76.97250°E / 11.01833; 76.97250 in

reserve forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve on the northern side.[27] The Noyyal River forms the southern boundary of the city, which has an extensive tank system fed by the river and rainwater.[28][29] The eight major tanks and wetland areas of Coimbatore are namely, Singanallur, Valankulam, Ukkadam Periyakulam, Selvampathy, Narasampathi, Krishnampathi, Selvachinthamani, and Kumaraswami.[30] Multiple streams drain the waste water from the city.[28][31]

The city is divided into two distinctive geographic regions: the dry eastern side which includes majority of the urban area of the city and the western region which borders the

Palghat Gap, a mountain pass which connects the neighbouring state of Kerala to Tamil Nadu, lies to the west of the city. Because of its location in the biodiversity hotspot of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city is rich in fauna and flora. The Coimbatore urban wetlands harbours around 116 species of birds, of which 66 are resident, 17 are migratory and 33 are local migrants.[32] The spot-billed pelican, painted stork, openbill stork, ibis, Indian spot-billed duck, teal and black-winged stilt visit the Coimbatore wetlands on their migration.[27] Apart from the species common to the plains, various threatened and endangered species such as Indian elephants, wild boars, leopards, Bengal tigers, gaurs, Nilgiri tahr, sloth bear and black-headed oriole are found in the region.[33]

The northern part of the city has a rich tropical

Richter scale on 8 February 1900.[34]

Climate

Palghat gap
(topography pictured)

Under the

northeast monsoon. The mean maximum temperature ranges from 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) to 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) and the mean minimum temperature ranges from 24.5 °C (76.1 °F) to 19.8 °C (67.6 °F).[35] The highest temperature ever recorded is 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) on 22 April 1976 while the lowest is 12.2 °C (54.0 °F) on 12 January 1957.[36]

Coimbatore has a tropical wet and dry climate. It experiences hot and humid summers from March to June with temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 38 °C. The monsoon season starts from July and lasts till October. The city receives moderate rainfall from the south-west monsoon and occasional heavy rainfall from the north-east monsoon. The winter season starts from November and ends in February. The temperatures during this season range from 20 °C to 30 °C.

Due to the south-west monsoon winds passing through the

Palghat gap, elevated regions of the city receive rainfall in the months from June to August. After a warm and foggy September, the north-east monsoon starts from October, lasting until early November. The average annual rainfall is around 600 mm (23.6 in) with the northeast and the southwest monsoons contributing to 47% and 28% respectively to the total rainfall.[35] This periodic rainfall does not satisfy the city's water requirements throughout the year and water supply schemes drawn from Siruvani and Pilloor help supplant the requirements during low rainfall months.[37][38]

Climate data for Coimbatore (Coimbatore International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1948–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.9
(96.6)
38.8
(101.8)
40.8
(105.4)
42.6
(108.7)
41.2
(106.2)
38.0
(100.4)
36.2
(97.2)
36.0
(96.8)
37.8
(100.0)
36.8
(98.2)
34.2
(93.6)
34.4
(93.9)
42.6
(108.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4)
33.6
(92.5)
36.0
(96.8)
36.7
(98.1)
35.4
(95.7)
32.4
(90.3)
31.6
(88.9)
31.9
(89.4)
32.7
(90.9)
31.9
(89.4)
30.1
(86.2)
29.6
(85.3)
32.7
(90.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
19.8
(67.6)
21.8
(71.2)
23.7
(74.7)
23.7
(74.7)
22.6
(72.7)
22.0
(71.6)
22.0
(71.6)
22.1
(71.8)
22.0
(71.6)
20.9
(69.6)
19.0
(66.2)
21.5
(70.7)
Record low °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0)
12.8
(55.0)
15.8
(60.4)
18.2
(64.8)
15.6
(60.1)
18.3
(64.9)
16.1
(61.0)
16.1
(61.0)
16.7
(62.1)
15.9
(60.6)
14.1
(57.4)
12.4
(54.3)
12.2
(54.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 7.5
(0.30)
4.2
(0.17)
25.7
(1.01)
43.6
(1.72)
55.2
(2.17)
23.7
(0.93)
25.3
(1.00)
36.1
(1.42)
52.8
(2.08)
157.5
(6.20)
134.6
(5.30)
33.3
(1.31)
599.5
(23.61)
Average rainy days 0.4 0.6 1.3 2.9 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.5 8.2 6.6 2.2 37.6
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
)
41 33 31 42 56 66 68 68 66 67 64 53 54
Source: India Meteorological Department[36][39]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
187135,310—    
188138,967+10.4%
189146,383+19.0%
190153,080+14.4%
191147,000−11.5%
192168,000+44.7%
193195,000+39.7%
1941130,348+37.2%
1951198,000+51.9%
1961286,000+44.4%
1971356,000+24.5%
1981704,000+97.8%
1991816,321+16.0%
2001930,882+14.0%
20111,601,438+72.0%
Sources:
  • 1871–1901:[40]
  • 1911–2001:[41]
  • 1981: Raise in population due to merger of Singanallur Municipality
  • 2001:[42]
  • 2011:[4]
  • 2011: Raise in population due to expansion of the city

Coimbatore has a population of 1,601,438.

2011 census based on pre-expansion city limits, Coimbatore had a population of 1,050,721 with a sex ratio of 997 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[43] It is the second largest city in the state after capital Chennai[44] and the sixteenth largest urban agglomeration in India. A total of 102,069 were under the age of six, comprising 52,275 males and 49,794 females. The average literacy of the city was 82.43%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[43] There were a total of 425,115 workers, comprising 1,539 cultivators, 2,908 main agricultural labourer, 11,789 in house hold industries, 385,802 other workers, 23,077 marginal workers, 531 marginal cultivators, 500 marginal agricultural labourer, 1,169 marginal workers in household industries and 20,877 other marginal workers.[45]

As per the 2001 census,[42] Coimbatore had a population of 930,882 within the municipal corporation limits.[46][47][48] The population of the urban agglomeration as per 2011 census is 2,136,916 with males constituting 50.08% of the population and females 49.92%.[26][44] Coimbatore has an average literacy rate of 89.23%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Male literacy is 93.17% and female literacy is 85.3% with 8.9% of the population under six years of age. The sex ratio was 964 females per 1000 males.[49] In 2005, the crime rate in the city was 265.9 per 100,000 people, accounting for 1.2% of all crimes reported in major cities in India. It ranked 21st among 35 major cities in India in the incidence of crimes.[50] In 2011, the population density in the city was 10,052 per km2 (26,035 per mi2).[2] Around 8% of the city's population lives in slums.[51]

Administration and politics

Administrative officials
Title Name
Mayor
Kalpana. A
Deputy Mayor Vetri Selvam. R
District Collector Kranthi Kumar Pati
Commissioner Kumaravel Pandian, IAS[52]
Police Commissioner Sumit Sharan, IPS[53]

Coimbatore is a

district collector and the district court in Coimbatore is the highest court of appeal in the district. The Coimbatore City Police is headed by a Commissioner of Police and there are 18 police stations in the city.[57] Coimbatore is amongst the safest cities in India for women according to National Crime Records Bureau report in 2015.[58]

Race Course Road, Coimbatore

A large part of the

Town Panchayats.[60]
Besides the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, the Coimbatore urban agglomeration comprises the Town Panchayats of
Kaniyur, Neelambur and municipalities of Kuniyamuthur, Kurichi and Goundampalayam.[61] These local bodies are in turn split into wards each electing a councillor through direct election. The head of these local bodies are elected by the respective councillors from amongst them.[56][62]

Coimbatore has traditionally been a stronghold of the

P.R. Natarajan defeated C. P. Radhakrishnan of the BJP in the Lok Sabha constituency.[66] In the last legislative assembly election held in 2021, the AIADMK led front won in all the assembly constituencies in the city.[67][68]

Economy

Lakshmi Mills was one of the earliest textile mills in Coimbatore[69][70]
Coimbatore is one of the largest exporters of software.[71] Pictured is TIDEL Park, an IT SEZ.[72]
CODISSIA
Trade Center, Coimbatore
A street scene in Coimbatore

A major hub for manufacturing, education and healthcare in Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore is among the fastest growing

CODISSIA.[79]

Coimbatore region experienced a textile boom in the 1920s and 1930s.

Geographical Indication.[82][83] The Southern India Mills' Association (SIMA) founded in 1933 caters to the interests of the various textile mills and their employees.[84]

Coimbatore is the second largest producer of software in the state after Chennai. TIDEL Park Coimbatore and other Information technology parks in the city has aided in the growth of IT and Business process outsourcing industries in the city. It is ranked at 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons.[85] Software exports stood at 7.1 billion (US$89 million) for the financial year 2009–10 up 90% from the previous year.[86] Coimbatore has a large and diversified manufacturing sector and a number of engineering colleges producing about 50,000 engineers annually.[87]

Coimbatore is a major center for the manufacture of automotive components in India with car manufacturers

Maruti Udyog and Tata Motors sourcing up to 30%, of their automotive components from the city. G.D. Naidu developed India's first indigenous motor in 1937.[88] India's first indigenously developed diesel engine for cars was manufactured in the city in 1972. The city is also a major centre for small auto component makers catering to the automobile industry, from personal to commercial and farm vehicles.[89] The city contributes to about 75% of the 1 lakh total monthly output of wet grinders in India.[90] The industry employs 70,000 people and had a yearly turnover of 2,800 crore (US$350 million) in 2015.[90] The term "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" has been given a Geographical indication.[91][92]

Coimbatore is also referred to as "the Pump City" as it supplies nearly 50% of India's requirements of motors and pumps.[93] The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery renowned for diamond cutting, cast and machine made jewellery.[94][95][96][97] There are about 3,000 jewellery manufacturers employing over 40,000 goldsmiths.[98][99][100]

Coimbatore has a large number of poultry farms and is a major producer of chicken eggs. The city contributes to nearly 95% of processed chicken meat exports.[101] Coimbatore has some of the country's oldest flour mills and these mills which cater to all the southern states, have a combined grinding capacity of more than 50,000 MT per month. The hospitality industry has seen a growth in the 21st century with new upscale hotels being set up.[102][103][104] Coimbatore is the largest non-metro city for e-commerce in South India.[105]

Culture

Coimbatore and its people have a reputation for entrepreneurship.[106][107] Though it is generally considered a traditional city, Coimbatore is diverse and cosmopolitan.[106][108][109] The World Classical Tamil Conference 2010 was held in Coimbatore.[110] The heavy industrialisation of the city has also resulted in the growth of trade unions.[111] The city is regularly features among the top 10 best cities to live in India.[112] 24 November, the date of establishment of Coimbatore as a district is celebrated as "Coimbatore Day".[113]

Language

Malayalis,[118][119][120] and North Indians,[108] mainly Gujaratis.[121] As per the 2011 census, Tamil is the most spoken language with 710,326 speakers, followed by Telugu
(173,136), Kannada (102,000), Malayalam (76,485). Other languages spoken in the city include Urdu (15,484) and Hindi (13,608).[122][117] During the 1970s the city witnessed a population explosion as a result of migration fuelled by increased economic growth and job opportunities.[41][123]

Religion

Religion in Coimbatore (2011)[124]
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
83.3%
Muslim
8.6%
Christian
7.5%
Other or not stated
0.6%

The city's population is predominantly

Buddhists are also present in small numbers.[48][125][126] According to the religious census of 2011, Coimbatore has 83.31% Hindus, 8.63% Muslims, 7.53% Christians, 0.28% Jains, 0.05% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists and 0.01% Others. 0.17% of the respondents did not state their religion.[124]

The

Gurudwaras and Jain temples are also present in Coimbatore.[145]

Cuisine

A typical vegetarian meal

Coimbatore cuisine is predominantly

paniyaram and appam are popular dishes.[148][149][150][151]

Coimbatore has an active street food culture and various cuisine options for dining. Arisi paruppu sadam and sambar sadam, made from a mixture of dal and rice, is a recipe that existed from the 4th century CE that is unique to the area. Ariseemparuppu or arisi paruppu satham (literally translated as Rice and dal) originated from Coimbatore and the people of the city celebrate January 8 as national Aruseemparuppu day, after given light by a popular influencer and food consultant.[152] Kaalaan is a popular dish prepared by simmering deep-fried mushrooms (usually chopped) in a spicy broth until it reaches a porridge-like consistency; the dish is served sprinkled with chopped onions and coriander leaves.[153][154] Chaats made from potatoes and a mix of other vegetables and spices are also popular.[155]

Arts

Swamikannu Vincent, who had built the first cinema of south India in Coimbatore, introduced the concept of Tent Cinema in which a tent was erected on an open land to screen the films.[156][157] Central Studios was set up in 1935 while S. M. Sriramulu Naidu established Pakshiraja Studios in 1945.[158] The city conducts its own music festival every year.[109] Art, dance and music concerts are held annually during the months of September and December (Tamil calendar month – Margazhi).[159] Coimbatore also houses a number of museums and art galleries like G.D. Naidu Museum & Industrial Exhibition, H A Gass Forest Museum, Government Museum, Kadhi Gandhi Gallery and Kasthuri Srinivasan Art Gallery and Textile Museum.[160][161]

Transport

Air

Coimbatore International Airport

The city is served by the

15th largest airport in India in terms of total aircraft movement, 18th largest in terms of passengers handled and 13th largest in terms of cargo handled.[165][166][167][168] It has a single runway, which is 2,990 metres (9,810 ft) in length and is capable of handling medium aircraft.[169]

Sulur Air Force Station, located at Kangayampalayam is an air base operated by the Indian Air Force and accommodates Antonov An-32 heavy air lifter aircraft, Mil Mi-8 transport helicopters and the HAL Dhruv helicopters of the Sarang helicopter display team.[170] The first squadron of indigenously built HAL Tejas will be inducted at Sulur AFS and Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft were stationed at the base by 2016.[171][172]

Rail

Coimbatore Junction, busiest railway station in the city

Train service in Coimbatore started in 1861, upon the construction of the

Chennai Central and is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railways.[174][175][176] Other major railway stations catering to the city include Coimbatore North Junction, Podanur Junction and minor stations at Peelamedu, Singanallur, Irugur Junction, Perianaikanpalayam, Madukkarai, Somanur and Sulur.[177][178][179] The city is located near the railhead for the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a UNESCO World heritage site and mountain railway which goes to the hill station of Ooty
.

Metro rail

The Central Government proposed a metro rail system for 16 tier-2 cities in India including Coimbatore in 2010. In 2011, the Government of Tamil Nadu shelved the proposal in favour of a monorail. Coimbatore Railway Struggle Committee has also protested to implement metro rail project in Coimbatore. In 2013, E. Sreedharan made survey and announced metro rail as suitable transport for Coimbatore In 2017, the Government of Tamil Nadu proposed a metro for Coimbatore.[180] Feasibility studies were completed in 2021 and five corridors were proposed.[181]

Road

Avinashi Road, one of the major arterial roads

There are six major arterial roads in the city:

Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu announced the construction of two new flyovers at Ukkadam and Athupalam to help de-congest the Palakkad Road.[189] In 2012, the Government of Tamil Nadu decided in favour of an eastern road that connected Mettupalayam Road with Avinashi Road and the existing bypass.[190] The city municipal corporation is undertaking the construction of six rail-over-bridges in the city.[191] There are five National Highways passing through the city:[192][193]

Highway Number Destination Via
544 Salem Perundurai, Chithode
Kochi Palakkad, Thrissur
948 Bangalore
Chamrajnagar
81 Chidambaram Karur, Tiruchirappalli
181 Gundlupet Mettupalayam, Udagamandalam
83 Nagapattinam Pollachi, Udumalaipettai, Palani, Oddanchatram, Dindigul, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur

Apart from State and National Highways, the city corporation maintains a 635.32 kilometres (394.77 miles) long road network.

Regional Transport Offices viz. TN 37 (South), TN 38 (North), TN 66 (Central), TN 99 (West).[195]

Bus

Bus stand at Mettupalayam road

Town buses started operating in 1921 and serve most parts of the city, as well as other towns and villages in the district. The number of inter-city routes operated by Coimbatore division is 119 with a fleet of more than 500 buses.[196] It also operates town buses on 257 intra-city routes.[197] The intra-city buses operate from major bus stations in Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus, Singanallur Bus Terminus, Ukkadam Bus Terminus and Saibaba Colony Bus Terminus to other parts across the city. Inter-city and intra-city buses that connect Coimbatore operate from different bus stands:[198][199][200][201]

Location Bus Station Destinations
Gandhipuram Central
Kangayam
SETC
Omni Bus Stand[202] Private mofussil buses
Singanallur Singanallur Madurai, Tirunelveli, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Karaikudi, Karur, Kumbakonam, Theni, Dindigul
Ukkadam Ukkadam
Udumalpet
Mettupalayam Road Coimbatore North Mettupalayam, Udagamandalam

The Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus planned at Vellalore was cancelled midway in 2023 due to a lack of sufficient approach roads to the terminus and a hazardous waste dump nearby.[203]

Coimbatore BRTS is a proposed bus rapid transit project under the JNNURM scheme of the Government of India. It is planned along a 27.6 kilometres (17.1 mi) stretch connecting Avinashi road and Mettupalayam road.[204]

Education

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, one of the foremost institutions of agriculture in India

Coimbatore is a major educational hub.

ESIC medical college was established in 2016. Government law college is a public law college that started functioning in 1978.[208] The agricultural school established in 1868 was converted into Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in 1971 and the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History was opened in 1990.[208]

As of 2023[update], the district is home to seven universities, 46 engineering colleges, 21 management schools, eight architectural schools, three medical colleges, two dental colleges, 27 polytechnics and 62 arts and science colleges.

Anna University Coimbatore and four private universities.[212]

Bharathiar University established in 1982 is based out of the city

The city houses Government research institutes including the

Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education and Tamil Nadu Institute of Urban Studies.[213][214][215] In 2008, Government of India announced a plan to establish a world class university in the region.[216][217]

Three types of schools operate in Coimbatore: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts.

Tamil Nadu State Board, Matriculation, CBSE, ICSE/ISC or Tamil Nadu Anglo-Indian school board syllabus.[208] "Samacheer Kalvi" (Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education or Equitable education system) was introduced by the Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education Act 2010 to integrate the various school educational systems within the state. The city falls under the purview of Coimbatore education district and about 31320 students appeared for SSLC examinations in 2023.[218]

Utility services

Media

Four major English newspapers The Hindu, The Times of India, Deccan Chronicle and The New Indian Express bring out editions from the city.[219] Business Line, a business newspaper also brings out a Coimbatore edition. Tamil newspapers which have Coimbatore editions include Dinamalar, Dina Thanthi, Dinamani, Dinakaran, Tamil Murasu and Maalai Malar (both evening newspapers).[220][221][222] Two Malayalam newspapers – Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi also have considerable circulation in the city.[223] Lotus News is headquartered in Coimbatore.[224]

A

DTH or digital cable.[233]

Telecommunication

Coimbatore has a well-connected communications infrastructure. Till the 1990s the state owned

MTS offers mobile broadband services.[234] Cellular telephony was first introduced in 1997 and mobile telephone services available.[235] Coimbatore is the headquarters of the Tamil Nadu circle of cellular service providers.[236]

Healthcare

As of 2010, the size of the health care industry in Coimbatore is estimated at 1,500 crore (US$190 million).[237] There are around 750 hospitals in the city with an in-patient capacity of 5,000 beds.[238] These hospitals include single speciality institutions like eye care clinics (e.g. Aravind Eye Hospitals) and also multi special hospitals.[239] The first health care centre in the city was started in 1909. Coimbatore Medical College Hospital and ESI Hospital are government run tertiary care hospitals and provide free health care.[240] The city corporation maintains 16 dispensaries and two maternity homes.[28] People from nearby districts and the state of Kerala visit Coimbatore for medical tourism due to the availability of hospitals and healthcare facilities.[241][242][243][244]

Sports and recreation

A typical raceday scene at Kari Motor Speedway
Nehru Stadium

Coimbatore is often referred to as "India's Motorsports Hub" and the "Backyard of Indian Motorsports".

MRF assembles Formula Ford cars in Coimbatore in association with former F3 Champion J. Anand and racing company Super Speeds designs Formula cars.[248] Rallying is another major event with rallies conducted in closed roads around Coimbatore. Narain Karthikeyan, India's first Formula One driver hails from the city, and other motorsport drivers from Coimbatore include J. Anand and V. R. Naren Kumar.[249][250]

1998 Australian Open hails from Coimbatore.[256] Coimbatore District Chess Association (CDCA), established in 1940, is the oldest chess association in the country.[257]

City based teams

Club Sport League Home Stadium Founded
Lyca Kovai Kings
Cricket Tamil Nadu Premier League SNR Sons College Ground 2016
Chennai City F.C.[258]
Football I-League Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium[259] 2016

Recreation

VOC park and zoo

There are several amusement parks around the city:

INOX at Prozone,[269] Miraj cinemas,[270] Karpagam cinemas,[271] Senthil Kumaran cinemas,[272] Baba complex[273] and Broadway cinemas.[274]

Environmental issues

Air pollution, lack of proper waste management infrastructure and degradation of water bodies are the major environmental issues in Coimbatore. There is a

silting of tanks and cleaning of the Noyyal river.[285] Environment Conservation Group based out of the city is also involved in conservation of trees and wetlands, monitoring wildlife crime and conducting awareness sessions for students.[286][287][288][289]

Notable people

International relations

Coimbatore has a

sister city relationship with Toledo, Ohio. The relation has enabled exchange in the fields of arts and education between the cities.[290] A twin city pact with the German city of Esslingen was signed in July 2016, enabling the two cities to collaborate on areas of mutual interest, health, education, culture and social development.[291]

Country City State / Region Since
United States United States Toledo[292] Ohio 2009
Germany Germany Esslingen[293] Baden-Württemberg 2016

Alliance Française de Madras, a Franco-Indian non-profit association promoting the growth of French in India, has a centre at PSG Institute of Management in Coimbatore.[294]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Chapter 3, Little Village of India (PDF) (Report). Central Pollution Control Board, Govt of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c This is the population of the city limits prior to 2011 expansion"Cities having population 100,000 and above" (PDF). censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
  3. ^ Zone map (PDF) (Report). Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Smart city challenge, Coimbatore". Government of India. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Coimbatore to be known by its old name-Koyampuththoor". BBC Tamil. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
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