Upper Mongols

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Upper Mongols
Regions with significant populations
 China100,000 (2009)
Languages
Khoshut dialect of Oirat Mongolian
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Oirats, Mongols, Mongols in China
Upper Mongols
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic
Дээд монгол
Mongolian scriptᠲᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
Köke Nuur / Qinghai Mongols
Chinese name
Mongolian Cyrillic
Хөх нуурын Монгол
Mongolian scriptᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ

The Upper Mongols, also known as the Köke Nuur Mongols or Qinghai Mongols, are ethnic

Mongol–Tibetan politics during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Upper Mongols adopted Tibetan dress and jewelry despite still living in the traditional Mongolian ger and writing in the script
.

History

After the disintegration of the Proto-Mongolic

Xianbei state, nomadic groups such as the (Monguor) migrated under the rule of their Khan, Tuyuhun, from their original settlements on the Liaodong Peninsula to the western region of modern Qinghai.[4] The Tuyuhun Empire
(284–670) stretched 1,500 kilometers from east to west and 1,000 kilometers from north to south.

Although, the

Ordos region and they gradually extended their domain into northeastern Qinghai.[5]

The

Dzungars when Galdan Khan began persecuting Guushi Khan's relatives and descendants.[6]

Statue of Güshi Khan (right) in the Dalai Lama's palace, next to the statue of the Dalai Lama himself (left). (Drawing by Johann Grueber, 1661)

With the defeat of Galdan in 1697, Dalai Khung Taiji Dashi Batur submitted to the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty in a personal audience. In 1705, with the approval of the Kangxi Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, Lha-bzang Khan of the Khoshud deposed the regent and sent the 6th Dalai Lama to Beijing; the 6th Dalai Lama died soon after, probably near Qinghai Lake (Koko nur) in Amdo. The Dzungar Mongols invaded Tibet in 1717, and held the entire region until their final defeat by the Qing imperial army in 1720.,[7] thus began the period of Qing rule of Tibet.

The Upper Mongolia or the

Manchu
Qing dynasty under rule of the prince Lubsan Danzan in 1723 but they were defeated. Lubsan Danzan was killed by the Manchus in 1755.

The Upper Mongols in

Clear script
.

The Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717) based in the Tibetan Plateau.

The separation of the

Tibetans from the Mongolian banners weakened the Upper Mongols. After 1775, the Tibetans made increasingly bold attacks on the Mongols. Hence, small group of the Upper Mongols fled to Gansu to escape the Tibetan nomads and they formed Subei Mongol county. In 1821 the Tibetan nomads made a mass migration north, sweeping away the Qinghai Mongol banners between the Yellow River and Qinghai Lake due to the internal strife between the Tibetans. In 1897 the Hui Muslims
plundered the Upper Mongols.

Ethnic groups of the Upper Mongols

Not all Upper Mongols are Khoshut Oirats; there are a few

hoshuns[9] (21 Khoshut, 2 Choros, 4 Torghut, 1 Khalkha) in the early 20th century. Now there are 9 hoshuns of the Upper Mongols. 80,000–90,000 Upper Mongols live in the Qinghai region and 10,000 Upper Mongols live in Subei Mongol Autonomous County
(2010).

  • Western Mongols
  • Eastern Mongols
  • Western Mongols
  • Western Mongols

References

  1. ISBN 9781134828692
    . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  2. ISBN 9781107067226
    . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  3. ISBN 978-9027224446
    . Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  4. Five Dynasties
    , p. XII. 1970. Gabriella Molè. Rome. Is.M.E.O.
  5. ^ W.D.Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History
  6. ^ Haines, R Spencer (2018). "Charismatic Authority in Context: An Explanation of Guushi Khan's Swift Rise to Power in the Early 17th Century". Mongolica: An International Journal of Mongolian Studies. 52. International Association of Mongolists: 24–31.
  7. ^ Richardson 1986, pp. 48–49
  8. ^ БУЦАЖ ИРЭЭГҮЙ МОНГОЛ АЙМГУУД Archived 2013-11-15 at the Wayback Machine (Mongolian)
  9. ^ Хөх нуурын Монголчууд буюу Дээд монголчууд гэж хэн бэ? (in Mongolian)
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