User:Bdschi/The 200

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Work in progress; comments welcome

The 200 are the 200 most famous and influential people in history of mankind.

Other projects

subpages

Special:PrefixIndex/User:Bdschi/

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (

U.S. economy
.

Lincoln in 1863

Wikipedia: Abraham Lincoln

Adele

Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE (/əˈdɛl/;[1] born 5 May 1988), known mononymously as Adele, is an English singer-songwriter. She is known for her mezzo-soprano vocals and sentimental songwriting. Adele has received numerous accolades including 16 Grammy Awards, 12

Golden Globe Award
.

Adele for Vogue in 2021

Wikipedia: Adele

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims
.

Portrait of Adolf Hitler, 1938

Wikipedia: Adolf Hitler

Agatha Christie

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan,

Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions to literature. Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling fiction writer of all time, her novels having sold more than two billion copies.[5]

Black and white portrait photograph of Christie as a middle-aged woman

Wikipedia: Agatha Christie

Ai Weiwei

Ai Weiwei (

Chinese Government's stance on democracy and human rights. He investigated government corruption and cover-ups, in particular the Sichuan schools corruption scandal following the collapse of "tofu-dreg schools" in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. In 2011, Ai Weiwei was arrested at Beijing Capital International Airport on 3 April, for "economic crimes". He was detained for 81 days without charge. Ai Weiwei emerged as a vital instigator in Chinese cultural development, an architect of Chinese modernism, and one of the nation's most vocal political commentators.[6]

Ai in 2017

Wikipedia: Ai Weiwei

Al Pacino

Alfredo James Pacino (

National Medal of Arts in 2011, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2016.[7][8][9][10]

Pacino in 2016

Wikipedia: Al Pacino

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (

theoretical physicist who is widely held to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics, and was thus a central figure in the revolutionary reshaping of the scientific understanding of nature that modern physics accomplished in the first decades of the twentieth century.[12][13] His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".[14] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect",[15] a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.[16][17] In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World, Einstein was ranked the greatest physicist of all time.[18] His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word Einstein broadly synonymous with genius.[19]

Portrait by Ferdinand Schmutzer, 1921

Wikipedia: Albert Einstein

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell (/ˈɡreɪ.əm/, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922)[20] was a Scottish-born[N 1] Canadian-American inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.[23]

Bell c. 1917

Wikipedia: Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander der Große

Alexander III of Macedon (

India.[24] He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.[25][26]

Alexander in the Alexander Mosaic

Wikipedia: Alexander the Great

Alfred Hitchcock

Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock

Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director
, despite five nominations.

Hitchcock, c. 1960s

Wikipedia: Alfred Hitchcock

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [ˈǎlfrɛd nʊˈbɛlː] ⓘ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime. Nobel's most famous invention was dynamite, an explosive using nitroglycerin; it was patented in 1867.

Nobel in 1896

Wikipedia: Alfred Nobel

Amelia Earhart

Amelia Mary Earhart (

aviation pioneer and writer.[30][Note 1] Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[32] She set many other records,[31][Note 2] was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.[34]

Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, March 1937 in Oakland, California
, before departing on her final round-the-world attempt prior to her disappearance

Wikipedia: Amelia Earhart

Amy Winehouse

Amy Jade Winehouse (14 September 1983 – 23 July 2011) was an English singer and songwriter. She was known for her deep, expressive contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres, including soul, rhythm and blues, reggae and jazz.

Winehouse singing in front of a microphone, looking to the side.

Wikipedia: Amy Winehouse

Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol (

Empire (1964) and Chelsea Girls (1966), and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable
(1966–67).

Warhol in 1980

Wikipedia: Andy Warhol

Angelina Jolie

Angelina Jolie

Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards
, she has been named Hollywood's highest-paid actress multiple times.

A headshot of Angelina Jolie at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., on March 17, 2022

Wikipedia: Angelina Jolie

Anne Frank

Annelies Marie Frank (German:

diarist who described everyday life from her family hiding place in an Amsterdam attic. One of the most-discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, she gained fame posthumously with the 1947 publication of The Diary of a Young Girl (originally Het Achterhuis in Dutch, lit. 'the back house'; English: The Secret Annex), in which she documents her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944 — it is one of the world's best-known books and has been the basis for several plays and films
.

Frank in May 1942, two months before she and her family went into hiding

Wikipedia: Anne Frank

Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse (

hyperboloid of revolution, and the area of a spiral.[44][45]

Archimedes Thoughtful by Domenico Fetti (1620)

Wikipedia: Archimedes

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Louise Franklin (/əˈriːθə/ ə-REE-thə; March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist.[46] Referred to as the "Queen of Soul", Rolling Stone twice named her as the greatest singer of all time.[47][48] With global sales of over 75 million records, Franklin is one of the world's best-selling music artists.[49]

Franklin in 1968

Wikipedia: Aretha Franklin

Aristoteles

Aristotle (

philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science
.

Roman copy (in marble) of a Greek bronze bust of Aristotle by Lysippos (c. 330 BC), with modern alabaster mantle

Wikipedia: Aristotle

People with the given name Aristotle

The modern Greek name is also anglicized Aristotelis; the French form is Aristote:

  • Aristotle of Athens, 5th century BCE tyrant
  • Aristotle of Cyrene (4th century BC), philosopher of the Cyrenaic school
  • Aristotle the Dialectician (3rd century BC), a philosopher who killed the tyrant Abantidas of Sicyon
  • Aristotle of Sicily, a rhetorician
  • Aristotle, several authors mentioned in a passage on writers named "Aristotle" by the writer
    Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
    (v. 35) but who are otherwise unknown:
    • Aristotle, author of a work On Excess (Περὶ Πλεονασμοῦ)
    • Aristotle, author of a work on the Iliad
  • Aristotle, three obscure philosophers of the Peripatetic school
    • Aristotle, mentioned in the Meteaphysics of Syrianus (12.55) as having composed commentaries on the philosophies of his namesake Aristotle
    • Aristotle, son of Erasistratus, is mentioned by Sextus Empiricus in his Adversus Mathematicos (Πρὸς μαθηματικούς)
    • Aristotle of Mytilene, who was apparently one of the most distinguished speculative philosophers in the time of the medical writer Galen (De Consuetud. p. 553, ed. Paris.)
  • Aristotle of Chalcis, historical writer
  • Aristotle of Argos (3rd century BC), rebel who led a revolt against the rule of Cleomenes III in Argos
  • Aristotle of Mytilene (2nd century AD), Peripatetic philosopher in the time of Galen
  • Aristotele Fioravanti (c. 1415–c. 1486), Italian Renaissance architect and engineer
  • Aristotelis Valaoritis (1824–1879), Greek poet
  • Aristotle Onassis (1906–1975), Greek shipping magnate
  • Aristóteles Picho (1957–21 December 2013), Peruvian actor
  • Aristotle Pollisco
    (Gloc-9), Filipino rapper
  • Aristotelia Peloni, Greek journalist and politician in the Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis
  • Aristotle Athari, comedian and cast member on Saturday Night Live

Audrey Hepburn

Audrey Kathleen Hepburn (née Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British[g] actress. Recognised as a film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend from the Classical Hollywood cinema and was inducted into the International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List.

Hepburn in 1956

Wikipedia: Audrey Hepburn

Augustus

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Latin: Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire. He reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.[h] The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult, as well as an era associated with imperial peace (the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta) in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict (aside from expansionary wars and the Year of the Four Emperors, the latter of which occurring after Augustus' reign). The Principate system of government was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century.

Augustus of Prima Porta, 1st century

Link: Augustus

Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ ⓘ, bə-RAHK hoo-SAYN oh-BAH-mə;[54] born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African-American president in U.S. history. Obama previously served as a U.S. senator representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, as an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004, and as a civil rights lawyer and university lecturer.

Obama standing in the Oval Office with his arms folded and smiling

Wikipedia: Barack Obama

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

publisher, and political philosopher.[55] Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general.[56]

Portrait by Joseph Duplessis, 1778

Wikipedia: Benjamin Franklin

Beyoncé

Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biˈɒnseɪ/ ⓘ bee-ON-say;[57] born September 4, 1981)[58] is an American singer, songwriter and businesswoman. Dubbed as "Queen Bey" and a prominent cultural figure of the 21st century, she has been recognized for her artistry and performances, with Rolling Stone naming her one of the greatest vocalists of all time.

Beyoncé in 2023

Wikipedia: Beyoncé

Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd

Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992. Clinton, whose policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy, became known as a New Democrat
.

Official portrait, 1993

Wikipedia: Bill Clinton

Bill Gates

William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and writer best known for co-founding the software giant

microcomputer revolution
of the 1970s and 1980s.

Bill Gates in 2023

Wikipedia: Bill Gates

Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan (legally Robert Dylan;

Robert Johnson's blues,[67] and what he called the "architectural forms" of Hank Williams's country songs,[68] Dylan added increasingly sophisticated lyrical techniques to the folk music of the early 1960s, infusing it "with the intellectualism of classic literature and poetry".[63] His lyrics incorporated political, social, and philosophical influences, defying pop music conventions and appealing to the burgeoning counterculture.[69]

Dylan in 2010

Wikipedia: Bob Dylan

Bob Marley

Robert Nesta Marley

Jamaican music worldwide and made him a global figure in popular culture.[72][73] Over the course of his career, Marley became known as a Rastafarian icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality.[74] He is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and culture and identity, and was controversial in his outspoken support for democratic social reforms.[75][76] He also supported legalisation of cannabis, and advocated for Pan-Africanism.[77] In 1976, Marley survived an assassination attempt in his home, which was thought to be politically motivated.[78]

Black and white image of Bob Marley

Wikipedia: Bob Marley

Bono

Paul David Hewson (born 10 May 1960), known by the nickname Bono (/ˈbɒnoʊ/ BON-oh), is an Irish singer-songwriter and activist.[79] He is the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of the rock band U2.

the Joshua Tree Tour 2017 in Indianapolis

Wikipedia: Bono

Brad Pitt

William Bradley Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. He is the recipient of

Primetime Emmy Award. As a public figure, Pitt has been cited as one of the most powerful and influential people in the American entertainment industry
.

Brad Pitt in 2019

Wikipedia: Brad Pitt

Britney Spears

Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer. Often referred to as the "

Billboard Music Awards (including the Millennium Award), the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her heavily choreographed videos earned her the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
.

Spears in 2013

Wikipedia: Britney Spears

Bruce Lee

Bruce Lee (

martial artist and actor. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy drawing from different combat disciplines that is sometimes credited with paving the way for modern mixed martial arts (MMA).[80] Lee is considered by some commentators and martial artists to be the most influential martial artist of all time and a pop culture icon of the 20th century, who bridged the gap between East and West. He is credited with promoting Hong Kong action cinema and helping to change the way Chinese people were presented in American films.[81]

Bruce Lee

Wikipedia: Bruce Lee

Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Nicknamed "the Boss",[82] he has released 21 studio albums during a career spanning six decades, most of which feature his backing band, the E Street Band. Springsteen is a pioneer of heartland rock, a genre combining mainstream rock music with poetic and socially conscious lyrics that feature narratives primarily concerning working class American life. He is known for his descriptive lyrics and energetic concerts, which sometimes last over four hours.[83]

Springsteen in 2012

Wikipedia: Bruce Springsteen

Celine Dion

Céline Marie Claudette Dion

classical music
. Her recordings have been mainly in English and French, although she has also sung in Spanish, Italian, German, Latin, Japanese, and Chinese.

Dion in 2012

Wikipedia: Celine Dion

Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin

JP[91] (/ˈdɑːrwɪn/[92] DAR-win; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,[93] widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor is now generally accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science.[94] In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.[95] Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history and was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.[96][97]

Darwin, c. 1854, when he was preparing On the Origin of Species

Wikipedia: Charles Darwin

Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens (/ˈdɪkɪnz/; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist and social critic who created some of the world's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.[98] His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today.[99][100]

Charles Dickens, Portrait by Jeremiah Gurney, c. 1867–1868

Wikipedia: Charles Dickens

Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin

KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era
until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.

Chaplin in the early 1920s

Wikipedia: Charlie Chaplin

Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara (Spanish:

military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.[103]

Guerrillero Heroico, 1960

Wikipedia: Che Guevara

Christoph Kolumbus

Christopher Columbus

Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and European colonization of the Americas
. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.

Posthumous portrait by Sebastiano del Piombo, 1519

Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus

Clark Gable

William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 – November 16, 1960) was an American film actor. Often referred to as the "King of Hollywood",[107] he had roles in more than 60 films in a variety of genres during a career that lasted 37 years, three decades of which was as a leading man. He was named the seventh greatest male movie star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute.[108]

Gable in a publicity portrait in 1940

Wikipedia: Clark Gable

Claude Monet

Oscar-Claude Monet (UK: /ˈmɒneɪ/, US: /moʊˈneɪ, məˈ-/, French: [klod mɔnɛ]; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of impressionist painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it.[109] During his long career, he was the most consistent and prolific practitioner of impressionism's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions of nature, especially as applied to plein air (outdoor) landscape painting.[110] The term "Impressionism" is derived from the title of his painting Impression, soleil levant, exhibited in 1874 (the "exhibition of rejects") initiated by Monet and his associates as an alternative to the Salon.

Monet c. 1899

Wikipedia: Claude Monet

Clint Eastwood

Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor and film director. After achieving success in the Western TV series Rawhide, Eastwood rose to international fame with his role as the "Man with No Name" in Sergio Leone's Dollars Trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the mid-1960s and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.[111][112] Elected in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as the mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.

Eastwood in 2010

Wikipedia: Clint Eastwood

Coco Chanel

Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (/ʃəˈnɛl/ shə-NEL, French: [ɡabʁijɛl bɔnœʁ kɔko ʃanɛl] ⓘ; 19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971)[113] was a French fashion designer and businesswoman. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post–World War I era with popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. This replaced the "corseted silhouette" that had earlier been dominant with a style that was simpler, far less time-consuming to put on and remove, more comfortable, and less expensive, all without sacrificing elegance. She is the only fashion designer listed on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.[114] A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her aesthetic design in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature scent, Chanel No. 5, has become an iconic product, and Chanel herself designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s.[115]

Coco Chanel in Los Angeles, 1931

Wikipedia: Coco Chanel

Confucius

Confucius (孔子; pinyin: Kǒngzǐ; lit. 'Master Kong'; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a

Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Confucius's teachings and philosophy underpin the East Asian culture and society, and remain influential across China and East Asia to this day.[116] His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, sincerity, and a ruler's responsibilities to lead by virtue.[117]

Depiction of Confucius by Wu Daozi (685–758), Tang dynasty

Wikipedia: Confucius

Cristiano Ronaldo

Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro

1,200 professional career appearances, the most by an outfield player, and has scored over 850 official senior career goals
for club and country, making him the top goalscorer of all time.

Ronaldo with Al Nassr in 2023

Wikipedia: Cristiano Ronaldo

Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama

né Lhamo Thondup;[o] born 6 July 1935), known to the Tibetan people as Gyalwa Rinpoche, is, as the incumbent Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibet.[118] He is considered a living Bodhisattva; specifically, an emanation of Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit, and Chenrezig in Tibetan. He is also the leader and a monk of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism,[119] formally headed by the Ganden Tripa. The central government of Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang, invested the Dalai Lama with temporal[120] duties until his exile in 1959.[121][122]

Dalai Lama in 2012 02

Daniel Craig

Daniel Wroughton Craig

CMG (born 2 March 1968) is an English actor. He gained international fame by playing the fictional secret agent James Bond for five installments in the film series, from Casino Royale (2006) up to No Time to Die (2021).[123][124]

Daniel Craig in 2021

David Beckham

David Robert Joseph Beckham

free-kick taking, Beckham has been hailed as one of the greatest and most recognisable midfielders of his generation, as well as one of the best free-kick takers of all time.[127][128][129] He won 19 major trophies in his career, and is the first English player to win league titles in four different countries: England, Spain, the United States and France.[130]

Beckham at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships

David Bowie

David Bowie|David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (/ˈboʊi/ BOH-ee),[131] was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, and his music and stagecraft had a significant impact on popular music.

David Bowie, Chicago 2002-08-08, photo by Adam Bielawski

Wikipedia: David Bowie

David Livingstone

David Livingstone

rags-to-riches" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion. As a result, Livingstone became one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era
.

Livingstone in 1864

Wikipedia: David Livingstone

Diana, Princess of Wales

Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and mother of Princes William and Harry. Her activism and glamour made her an international icon, and earned her enduring popularity.

Diana in 1997

Wikipedia: Diana, Princess of Wales

Dolly Parton

Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and philanthropist, known primarily for her decades-long career in country music. After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Parton made her album debut in 1967 with Hello, I'm Dolly, which led to success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), before her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continued into the 1980s. Some of Parton's albums in the 1990s did not sell as well, but she achieved commercial success again in the new millennium and has released albums on various independent labels since 2000, including her own label, Dolly Records.

Parton in 2010

Wikipedia: Dolly Parton

Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

Official portrait, 2017

Wikipedia: Donald Trump

Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe (

genre of science fiction
. He is the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.

Poe in 1849

Wikipedia: Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Degas

Edgar Degas (UK: /ˈdeɪɡɑː/, US: /deɪˈɡɑː, dəˈɡɑː/;[134][135] born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, French: [ilɛːʁ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɛdɡaʁ də ɡa]; 19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917) was a French Impressionist artist famous for his pastel drawings and oil paintings.

Self-portrait (Degas Saluant), 1863

Wikipedia: Edgar Degas

Edith Piaf

Édith Piaf (born Édith Giovanna Gassion; 19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963) was a French singer best known for performing songs in the

modern chanson genres. She is widely regarded as France's greatest popular singer and one of the most celebrated performers of the 20th century.[136][137]

Piaf in 1946

Wikipedia:

Edith Piaf

Edvard Munch

Edvard Munch (/mʊŋk/ MUUNK,[138] Norwegian: [ˈɛ̀dvɑɖ ˈmʊŋk] ⓘ; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter. His 1893 work, The Scream, has become one of Western art's most acclaimed images.

Munch in an undated photo

Wikipedia: Edvard Munch

Elisabeth I.

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)

Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor
.

The Darnley Portrait, c. 1575

Wikipedia:

Elisabeth I

Elisabeth II.

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was

female monarch, and the second longest verified reign of any monarch of a sovereign state in history
.

Formal portrait, 1959

Wikipedia:

Elisabeth II

Elizabeth Taylor

Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor

DBE (27 February 1932 – 23 March 2011) was a British and American actress. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She then became the world's highest paid movie star in the 1960s, remaining a well-known public figure for the rest of her life. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked her seventh on its greatest female screen legends
list.

Publicity photo, late 1950s

Wikipedia: Elizabeth Taylor

Ellen DeGeneres

Ellen Lee DeGeneres (

syndicated television talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show from 2003 to 2022, for which she received 33 Daytime Emmy Awards
.

DeGeneres in 2009

Wikipedia: Ellen DeGeneres

Elton John

Sir Elton Hercules John

CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947[140]) is a British singer, pianist and composer. Acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his work during the 1970s and for his lasting impact on the music industry, his music and showmanship have had a significant impact on popular music.[141] His songwriting partnership with lyricist Bernie Taupin is one of the most successful in history.[142]

John at Glastonbury Festival 2023

Wikipedia: Elton John

Elvis Presley

Elvis Aaron Presley[q] (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known mononymously as Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Known as the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Presley's energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, brought both great success and initial controversy.

Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 film Jailhouse Rock

Wikipedia: Elvis Presley

Eminem

Ernest Hemingway

Fidel Castro

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Sinatra

Frida Kahlo

Frédéric Chopin

Galileo Galilei

Gandhi

Genghis Khan

George Clooney

George Orwell

George W. Bush

George Washington

Grace Kelly

Hadrian (Kaiser)

Hans Christian Andersen

Henri Matisse

Hillary Clinton

Homer

Immanuel Kant

Isaac Newton

J. K. Rowling

J. R. R. Tolkien

Jackie Chan

James Cook

James Dean

Jane Austen

Jay-Z

Jeanne d’Arc

Jennifer Lawrence

Jesus

Jim Morrison

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johannes Gutenberg

Johannes Kepler

John F. Kennedy

John Lennon

John Travolta

Johnny Depp

Joseph Stalin

Julius Caesar

Justin Bieber

Justin Timberlake

Kafka

Karl Marx

Kate Winslet

Kim Jong Il

Kim Kardashian

Kleopatra

Lady Gaga

Lenin

Leo Tolstoy

Leonardo DiCaprio

Leonardo da Vinci

Lionel Messi

Louis Armstrong

Ludwig van Beethoven

Madonna (Künstlerin)

Malala Yousafzai

Malcolm X

Mao Zedong

Marco Polo

Margaret Thatcher

Mariah Carey

Marie Antoinette

Marie Curie

Marilyn Monroe

Mark Twain

Mark Zuckerberg== ==Marlon Brando Martin Luther

Martin Luther King

Marvin Gaye

Meryl Streep

Michael Jackson

Michael Jordan

Michelangelo

Muhammad Ali

Mutter Teresa

Napoleon

Neil Armstrong

Nelson Mandela

Nero

Olivia Newton-John

Oprah Winfrey

Osama bin Laden

Oscar Wilde

Pablo Picasso

Paul McCartney

Plato

Pocahontas

Prince

Pythagoras

Queen Victoria

Quentin Tarantino

Raffael

Rasputin

Rembrandt

Rihanna

Robert De Niro

Ronald Reagan== ==Rosa Parks Rowan Atkinson

Salvador Dalí

Sandro Botticelli

Shakira

Shania Twain

Sigmund Freud

Sitting Bull

Sokrates

Stephen Hawking

Stephen King

Steve Jobs

Steven Spielberg

Stevie Wonder

Taylor Swift

Theodore Roosevelt

Thomas Jefferson

Tiger Woods

Tom Cruise

Tom Hanks

Tutanchamun

Twiggy

Vasco da Gama

Vincent van Gogh

Vlad III. Drăculea

Vladimir Putin

Walt Disney

Whitney Houston

Will Smith

William Shakespeare

William the Conqueror

Winston Churchill

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Yoko Ono

Zodiac-Killer

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  101. ^ How to pronounce Che Guevara – Forvo features various sound clips of international Spanish speakers enunciating his name.
  102. ^ The date of birth recorded on his birth certificate was 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on 14 May of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by Che's mother, Celia de la Serna, that she was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal. (Anderson 1997, pp. 3, 769.)
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  120. ^ The two footnotes at the end of this sentence -- (at least, 'as of' this [March 2024] version of this article) -- may help to understand what the phrase "temporal duties" means here. The last footnote there contains a "QUOTE" that ends with the phrase "the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet". That might serve as a hint, indicating that investigating the meaning and use of the phrase "spiritual and temporal" (especially in a context like this one) might help to clarify the meaning of the word "temporal" in the phrase "temporal duties" here. The footnote before that (the second-to-last footnote in this sentence) contains a link to a PDF version of The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, ... a source that does not contain a defining entry for the word "temporal", but it does have a sentence that begins by saying

    In 1645, three years after his installation as temporal ruler of Tibet, the fifth Dalai Lama NGAG DBANG BLO BZANG RGYA MTSHO began [...]

    which is another example of the use of the word "temporal". A Wikipedia search for the phrase "temporal duties" might or might not be helpful. However, a Wikipedia search for the phrase "Temporal and Spiritual" might be more useful, since it includes a result for the Wikipedia disambiguation page Temporal power, although it lists only two meanings, and only one that is not specific to the Roman Catholic pope, which says:

    The temporal power (simply), the state (polity) or secular authority, in contrast to the church or spiritual authority

    so ... that Wikipedia article -- "state (polity)" -- that is mentioned there, might well shed some light on the meaning of the phrase "Temporal and Spiritual", and (by doing that), help us to understand what the word "temporal" means, as it is used here.
  121. ISBN 9781400848058
    . Entries on "Dalai Lama" and "Dga' ldan pho brang".
  122. ^ "Definition of Dalai Lama in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2015. The spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and, until the establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet
  123. ^ Hoyle, Ben (15 November 2006). "'Best Bond ever' vanquishes his greatest foe – the critics". The Times. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  124. ^ Gant, Charles (5 December 2012). "Skyfall windfall is UK box office's biggest ever". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
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  128. ^ Lara, Lorenzo; Mogollo, Álvaro; Wilson, Emily (20 September 2018). "Messi and the other best freekick takers in football history". Marca. Spain. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  129. ^ "Ranked! The 101 greatest football players of the last 25 years: full list". FourFourTwo (253 ed.). 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
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  131. ^ "How to say: Bowie". BBC. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
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    .
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    . Retrieved December 22, 2015.
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    .
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  139. ^ "Try not to get jealous reading about Ellen DeGeneres' star-studded 60th birthday party". USA Today. February 13, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021. DeGeneres, who marked the milestone birthday on Jan. 26
  140. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Artist Biography [Elton John]". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  141. ^ Dean, Jonathan (26 June 2023). "Elton John's best 25 songs ranked — from Daniel to Your Song". The Times. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  142. ^ "Elton John and Bernie Taupin | Songwriters Hall of Fame". www.songhall.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  143. ^ Elster 2006, p. 391.
  144. ^ a b Nash 2005, p. 11.
  145. ^ Guralnick 1994, p. 13.
  146. ^ a b Adelman 2002, pp. 13–15.
  1. ^ Pronunciation: German: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] ⓘ
  2. ^ Pronounced [natsi̯oˈnaːlzotsi̯aˌlɪstɪʃə ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʔaʁbaɪtɐpaʁˌtaɪ] ⓘ
  3. ^ Officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei[b] or NSDAP).
  4. ^ The position of Führer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Chancellor") replaced the position of President, which was the head of state for the Weimar Republic. Hitler took this title after the death of Paul von Hindenburg, who had been serving as President. He was afterwards both head of state and head of government, with the full official title of Führer und Reichskanzler des Deutschen Reiches und Volkes ("Führer and Reich Chancellor of the German Reich and People").[2][3]
  5. ^ According to Gene Adair (2002), Hitchcock made 53 feature films.[28] According to Roger Ebert in 1980, it was 54.[29]
  6. Ancient Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]
  7. ^ When asked about her background, Hepburn identified as half-Dutch,[51] as her mother was a Dutch noblewoman. Furthermore, she spent a significant number of her formative years in the Netherlands and was able to speak Dutch fluently. She solely held British nationality since at the time of her birth Dutch women were not permitted to pass on their nationality to their children; the Dutch law did not change in this regard until 1985.[52] Her ancestry is covered in the "Early life" section.
  8. ^ The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC and the Julian calendar after 45 BC. Due to departures from Julius Caesar's intentions, Augustus finished restoring the Julian calendar in March AD 4 and the correspondence between the proleptic Julian calendar and the calendar observed in Rome is uncertain before 8 BC.[53]
  9. ^ Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 4 filings.[60][61]
  10. ^ Although common to pronounce her first name as /səˈliːn/ sə-LEEN, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English has the pronunciation listed as /seɪˈliːn/ say-LEEN.[84] In addition to /diˈɒn/ dee-ON, her last name is also pronounced in the UK as /ˈdiːɒn/ DEE-on.[85] In French, her full name is pronounced as [selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃], with "Dion" being pronounced in Quebec French as [d͡zjɔ̃].
  11. ^ In other relevant languages:
  12. ^ Though the modern state of Italy had yet to be established, the Latin equivalent of the term Italian had been in use for natives of the region since antiquity; most scholars believe Columbus was born in the Republic of Genoa.[106]
  13. ^ US: /ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/, UK: /ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/
  14. ^ Tibetan: བསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ, Wylie: bsTan-'dzin rgya-mtsho
  15. Lhasa dialect: [ˈl̥a̰ˌmo ˈtʰø̃ˌɖup]; simplified Chinese: 拉莫顿珠; traditional Chinese: 拉莫頓珠; pinyin
    : Lāmò Dùnzhū
  16. ^ Dates in this article before 14 September 1752 are in the Julian calendar and 1 January is treated as the beginning of the year, even though 25 March was treated as the beginning of the year in England during Elizabeth's life.
  17. ^ Although some pronounce his surname /ˈprɛzli/ PREZ-lee, Presley himself pronounced it /ˈprɛsli/ PRESS-lee, as did his family and those who worked with him.[143]

    The correct spelling of his middle name has long been a matter of debate. The physician who delivered him wrote "Elvis Aaron Presley" in his ledger.[144] The state-issued birth certificate reads "Elvis Aron Presley". The name was chosen after the Presleys' friend and fellow congregation member Aaron Kennedy, though a single-A spelling was probably intended by Presley's parents to parallel the middle name of Presley's stillborn brother, Jesse Garon.[145] It reads Aron on most official documents produced during his lifetime, including his high school diploma, RCA Victor record contract, and marriage license, and this was generally taken to be the proper spelling.[146] In 1966, Presley expressed the desire to his father that the more traditional biblical rendering, Aaron, be used henceforth, "especially on legal documents".[144] Five years later, the Jaycees citation honoring him as one of the country's Outstanding Young Men used Aaron. Late in his life, he sought to officially change the spelling to Aaron and discovered that state records already listed it that way. Knowing his wishes for his middle name, Aaron is the spelling his father chose for Presley's tombstone, and it is the spelling his estate has designated as official.[146]

  1. Bell Telephone Memorial to an audience numbering in the thousands, saying: "Dr. Bell is to be congratulated upon being able to receive the recognition of his fellow citizens and fellow countrymen".[22]
  1. ^ Charles Kuralt said on CBS television program Sunday Morning, referring to Earhart: "She was a pioneer in aviation ... she led the way so that others could follow and go on to even greater achievements", further stating, "trailblazers prepare the rest of us for the future."[31]
  2. ^ Earhart set several records, being the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, first as a passenger and later, as a solo pilot.[33]
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference birthdate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

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