Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou
郑州市 Chengchow | |
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Zhongyuan | |
Subdivisions | List
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Government | |
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Website | www |
Zhengzhou | ||
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Tâi-lô | Tēnn-tsiu |
Zhengzhou
The city lies on the southern bank of the Yellow River.[11] Zhengzhou is a major hub of China's domestic and international transportation network; for example, it is connected to Europe.[12] and an international airport.[13] Zhengzhou is a National Civilized City and a State-list Famous Historical and Culture City.[14] As of 2020, there are two World Cultural Heritage Sites in Zhengzhou. The Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is China's first futures exchange. Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone is China's first Airport Economy Zone.[15]
As of the 2020 Chinese census, the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou had a population of 12,600,574 inhabitants,[16] whom 10,260,667 lived in its built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban districts plus Zhongmu county, Xinzheng and Xingyang cities now largely being conurbated.[17][18] The city had a total GDP of 1.014 trillion (RMB) in 2018.[19][20] Greater Zhengzhou was named as one of the 13 emerging mega-cities in China in a July 2012 report by the Economist Intelligence Unit,[21] and officially named as the eighth National Central City[22] in 2017 by the central government in Beijing.[23]
Zhengzhou is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 100 cities as tracked by the Nature Index.[24] The city is home to several national key universities in China, notably Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Henan Agricultural University, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, and Henan University of Technology.[25]
History
The
The Shang, who continually moved their capital due to frequent natural disasters, left Ao at around 13th century BC. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied;
The name Zhengzhou came from the Sui dynasty (AD 582), even though it was located in Chenggao, another town. The government moved to the contemporary city during the Tang dynasty. It achieved its greatest importance under the Sui (AD 581–618), Tang (618–907), and early Song (960–1127) dynasties, when it was the terminus of the New Bian Canal, which joined the Yellow River to the northwest. There, at a place called Heyin, a vast granary complex was established to supply the capitals at Luoyang and Chang'an to the west and the frontier armies to the north. In the Song period, however, the transfer of the capital eastward to Kaifeng robbed Zhengzhou of much of its importance.[citation needed]
In 1903 the
Zhengzhou also has a
In July 2021, record breaking floods left over a million people displaced [33] and at least 300 people dead.[34]
Geography
Located just north of the province's centre and south of the
A section of the Yellow River passes by the northern edges of the urban area, extending 150.4 km (93.5 mi) within Zhengzhou prefecture. However, Jialu River, a secondary tributary of the Huai River, is Zhengzhou's main urban river and flood channel.[36] The Jialu enters Zhengzhou from Xinmi to the southwest, and turns to the southeast within the city. Mountains loom over the western counties of Gongyi and Dengfeng while the easternmost county of Zhongmu is a vast, fertile floodplain, with the counties in between being hilly transitions.
Climate
Zhengzhou experiences a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), with cool, dry winters and hot, humid summers. Spring and autumn are dry and somewhat abbreviated transition periods. The city has an annual mean temperature of 15.4 °C (59.7 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 1.0 °C (33.8 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July.[37] The frost-free period lasts on average 220 days. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −17.9 °C (0 °F) on 2 January 1955, 27 December 1971 and 1 February 1990 to 43.0 °C (109 °F) on 19 July 1966.[38][39]
Rainfall is primarily produced by the
Climate data for Zhengzhou (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
38.5 (101.3) |
42.3 (108.1) |
43.0 (109.4) |
40.1 (104.2) |
37.9 (100.2) |
34.6 (94.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
43.0 (109.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
15.4 (59.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3 (27) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −17.9 (−0.2) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
−17.9 (−0.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.1 (0.40) |
12.8 (0.50) |
19.3 (0.76) |
37.0 (1.46) |
58.1 (2.29) |
65.1 (2.56) |
139.1 (5.48) |
137.4 (5.41) |
78.2 (3.08) |
38.9 (1.53) |
27.2 (1.07) |
8.1 (0.32) |
631.3 (24.86) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.8 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 77.3 |
Average snowy days | 4.2 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 13.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
57 | 57 | 54 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 73 | 76 | 71 | 65 | 62 | 56 | 62 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 117.0 | 128.2 | 167.9 | 194.5 | 211.8 | 195.9 | 166.1 | 163.1 | 147.3 | 148.9 | 136.4 | 127.6 | 1,904.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 37 | 41 | 45 | 49 | 49 | 45 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 43 | 44 | 42 | 43 |
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[37][40][41] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather China[42] |
In 2019, there were 177 good days in Zhengzhou, an increase of 9 days year-on-year, and 48.5% of the good days reached the standard. There were 24 days of heavy pollution, 9 days less than last year.[43]
2021 flood
On 20 July 2021, "The heaviest hour of rainfall ever reliably recorded in China crashed like a miles-wide waterfall over the city of Zhengzhou on July 20, killing at least 300 people, including 14 who drowned in a subway tunnel." Although an emergency alert was issued the day before the flood, businesses and subways remained open.[44] From 4pm to 5pm on 21 July, 7.95 inches of rain fell. A collapsed retaining wall allowed water to pour into subway tunnels. "The Chinese government now appears to be acknowledging missteps by local officials, as well as the possibility that severe weather events will become increasingly common."[45]
Administration and demography
Zhengzhou is divided into 6
The municipality is home to 8,626,505 inhabitants (2010 census) and 6,35 million in its built up area made of 6 urban and suburban districts,
Map | |||||
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Jinshui Erqi Huiji Guancheng Zhongyuan Shangjie | |||||
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) |
Area (km2) | |
City proper | |||||
Jinshui District
|
金水区 | Jīnshuǐ Qū | 1,588,611 | 242 | |
Erqi District
|
二七区 | Èrqī Qū | 712,597 | 159 | |
Huiji District
|
惠济区 | Hùijì Qū | 269,561 | 206 | |
Guancheng Hui District
|
管城回族区 | Guǎnchéng Huízú Qū | 645,888 | 204 | |
Zhongyuan District
|
中原区 | zhōngyuán Qū | 905,430 | 195 | |
Suburban | |||||
Shangjie District
|
上街区 | Shàngjiē Qū | 131,540 | 64.7 | |
Satellite cities | |||||
Xingyang | 荥阳市 | xíngyáng Shì | 613,761 | 908 | |
Xinzheng | 新郑市 | Xīnzhèng Shì | 758,079 | 873 | |
Dengfeng | 登封市 | Dēngfēng Shì | 668,592 | 1220 | |
Xinmi | 新密市 | Xīnmí Shì | 797,200 | 1001 | |
Gongyi | 巩义市 | Gǒngyì Shì | 807,857 | 1041 | |
Rural | |||||
Zhongmu County | 中牟县 | Zhōngmù Xiàn | 727,389 | 1393 |
Main sights
-
Between Heaven and Earth by Christian de Vietri
-
Longzihu area
Zhengzhou was the capital of China during the Shang dynasty. Parts of the Shang-era capital city wall that were built 3,600 years ago still remain in Downtown Zhengzhou (see Zhengzhou Shang City).[30] Zhengzhou maintains abundant cultural heritages that reflect its history as well as the culture of Henan Province. Zhengzhou Confucius Temple, initially built during the Eastern Han dynasty 1900 years ago, is one of the oldest Confucian Temples in China. Other important architectural heritage sites in the city center include Town God Temple and Erqi Memorial Tower.
One internationally known tourist attraction is the
The Henan Museum is one of China's most important museums. It has a collection of more than 130,000 cultural objects includes exhibitions from prehistoric times (such as dinosaur fossils and prehistoric human remains) through to the modern era.
Zhengzhou's most developed and modern area is the Zhengdong New Area, which is in the eastern part of the city. It is home to some of the tallest skyscrapers in Zhengzhou, including the 280 metres (918.6 ft) tall Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza ("Big Corn"), which is one of the most prominent landmarks in Zhengzhou, and the twin towers of Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza (285 metres (935.0 ft)), which are currently the tallest skyscrapers in the city. The tallest structure in Zhengzhou is the 388-meter height Zhongyuan Tower, located on Hanghai East Road in the south of Zhengdong New Area. It is used as a television tower, with a revolving restaurant and an observation deck. The tower is among the tallest towers in the world.
Zhengzhou Zoo (郑州动物园) is located on Huayuan Road (花园路).
The newly built Zhengzhou Botanic Garden is at the western edge of Zhengzhou city.
Main attractions of Zhengzhou include:
- UNESCO Global Geopark)
- Shaolin Monastery and Pagoda Forest (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Dengfeng Observatory (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Songyue Pagoda (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Yellow River Scenic Area
- the birthplace of Yellow Emperor
- Erqi Memorial Tower
- Henan Museum
- Zhongyuan Tower
- Zhengzhou Shang City
Economy
Zhengzhou, along with Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing and Wuhan, are some of the most economically important cities in inland China. Zhengzhou is the economic center of the province and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi and southwestern Shandong. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the world (nearly 100 million people in Henan alone) and in China's railway, road and aviation transport networks, Zhengzhou is increasingly attracting domestic and international investment as well as migrants from other areas, transforming the city into one of the largest economic centers in China. In 2018, total GDP of Zhengzhou was ¥1020 billion,[48][49] ranked 17th in China. And in 2021, total GDP was ¥1269.1 billion, ranked 16th in China.[50]
Agriculture
By the end of 2006, Zhengzhou had a total population of over 7 million, of which 2.88 million lived in rural areas.[51] Its main products include apples, paulownia, tobacco, maize, cotton, and wheat. In addition, Zhengzhou also produces Yellow River carp, Zhengzhou watermelons, Xinzheng jujube, Xingyang dried persimmons, Guangwu Pomegranate and Zhongmu garlic, all of which are specialties that are rarely found outside the region.
Mining and manufacturing
Zhengzhou and the surrounding area have large reserves of coal and other minerals. Coal mining and electricity generation are traditionally important in the local economy.
Zhengzhou has been one of the major industrial cities in The People's Republic of China since 1949. The city's staple industry is
- Yutong, China's largest bus producer.
- Shaolin Bus, a well-known small-to-medium-sized bus producer.[52]
- Zhengzhou Nissan, a subsidiary of Dongfeng Nissan, specializing in the manufacture of SUVs and pickup trucks. In 2010, Nissan opened its second plant in the city.[53]
- Haima Automobile Zhengzhou, an automobile manufacturer specializing in manufacturing microvans and light passenger vehicles.
- Zhengzhou Unique Industrial Equipment Co., Ltd., a large tractor and agricultural equipment manufacturer.
- Foxconn Zhengzhou, located in Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone, is the largest smartphone production site in the world and is also known as "iPhone City".[54]
- Sanquan Food, a frozen food company. With over 20000 employees, Sanquan produced the first frozen dumplings and rice balls in China.
- Synear Food Holdings Limited, along with Sanquan Food, is one of the largest producers of frozen food in China. The market share is over 20% in China[55]
Services
The service industries of Zhengzhou include retail, wholesale, hospitality, finance, exhibition, transport and delivery, tourism, and education. With a number of domestic and international institutions having regional offices in the city, Zhengzhou is becoming the financial center in central China. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is one of the only four future exchanges (inc. Shanghai Futures Exchange and Dalian Commodity Exchange and China Financial Futures Exchange) in China and is becoming an important global player specialised in agricultural future exchange. Equipped with newly built facilities such as Zhengzhou International Conference and Exhibition Center. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine.
- Dennis, a regional retail chain.
- Henan Jianye F.C.
Economic development zones
The
Kisho Kurokawa, a Japanese world-renowned planner and architect, was appointed to design the overall planning scheme for Zhengdong New Area.[57] He brought in advanced ideas including ecological city, co-existing city, metabolic city and ring city ideas. The scheme won the "Prominent Award for City Planning Design" at the first session of Annual Meeting of the World Architects Alliance in 2002.[58] Zhengdong New Area is mainly constituted by the CBD area, the Longhu commercial and residential area, the Longzihu college area, and the Zhengzhou East railway station commercial area.
Industrial zones
- Zhengzhou New & Hi-Tech Industries Development Zone
Zhengzhou High & New Technology Industries Development Zone was established in 1988, and approved by the state Council of PRC to be a state development zone on Mar.6,1991. It was appraised to be advanced high tech zone of China respectively in 1993, 1998 and 2002. The Zone currently covers a total area of 18.6 square kilometres (7.2 square miles). An extension plan was approved by Zhengzhou Municipal Government, the various construction work started in 2004. Under the development strategy of "multiple parks in one zone", the Zone has been making great efforts to promote the development of software, information technologies, new materials, bio-pharmaceutical and photo-machinery-electronic industries.[59]
- Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as state-level development zone on 13 February 2000. The zone has a developed area of 7 square kilometres (3 square miles) Industries encouraged include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics and Heavy Industry.[60]
- Zhengzhou Export Processing Area
Zhengzhou (Henan) Export Processing Zone was established on 21 June 2002 with approval by the state council. Its planned area is 2.7 square kilometres (1.0 square mile). Zone A is located in Zhengzhou National Economic & technological Development Area and began to operate on 1 June 2004. The area of land developed is 0.893 square kilometres (0.345 square miles) at present. Zone B is located in Zhengzhou Airport Area and is adjacent to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport on the north and it covers a planned area of 5 square km with bonded logistics zone, bonded processing zone and supporting industry zone, etc.[61]
Transportation
Zhengzhou is located in the central part of China and is a main national transport hub.
Public transit
Metro
The
Bus
Zhengzhou has a bus system with over 5,700 bus vehicles, operated by the Zhengzhou Bus Communication Corporation (ZZB).[65]
The operations of Zhengzhou Bus Rapid Transit commenced in 2009. The system consists of 5 main routes (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) with dedicated bus lanes and dozens of branch routes that serve most areas of the city.[citation needed]
Railways
Zhengzhou is the junction of the
Zhengzhou is also on the
The completion of the Zhengzhou–Jinan high-speed railway, planned for 2023, will complete a star-shaped (referred to as a "米"-shaped) network of eight high-speed lines radiating out from the city.[67]
Zhengzhou is also the hub of intercity railways in Henan. Currently there are three intercity railways from Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway, Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo intercity railway and Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway are in operation.
Zhengzhou East railway station is dedicated to high-speed trains and is one of the largest in Asia and Zhengzhou Hangkonggang railway station is a new high-speed railway hub dedicated to Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone.
Zhengzhou North railway station , over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) long and over 800 metres (2,600 ft) wide, has been described as Asia's largest classification yard.[68]
Roads and expressways
The surrounding area of Zhengzhou, along with the
There are several limited access express roads in the city center to relieve traffic problems. However, heavy congestion is still common in rush hours.
Expressways
- G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway
- G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway
- G3001 Zhengzhou Ring Expressway
- S1 Zhengzhou Airport Expressway
- S32 Yongcheng–Dengfeng Expressway
- S49 Linzhou–Ruzhou Expressway
- S60 Shangqiu–Dengfeng Expressway
- S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway
- S85 Zhengzhou–Shaolinsi Expressway
- S87 Zhengzhou–Yuntaishan Expressway
- S88 Zhengzhou–Xixia Expressway
- S89 Zhengzhou Airport–Xihua Expressway
National highways
Urban express roads
- 3rd Ring Road (Zhengzhou)
- 4th Ring Road (Zhengzhou)
- Jingguang Expressway
- Longhai Expressway
- Nongye Expressway
- Zhongzhou Avenue
Air
Zhengzhou is primarily served by
The airport is a focus city of China Southern Airlines, Lucky Air, West Air and Shenzhen Airlines. It used to be the headquarter for Henan Airlines. In 2017, it was the busiest airport in central China in both passenger and cargo traffic.[69] It is also one of the eight air hubs nominated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
Other airports in Zhengzhou include
Colleges and universities
Public
- Zhengzhou University
- Henan University (Longzi Lake campus)
- Henan Agricultural University
- Henan University of Technology (former Zhengzhou Institute of Technology)
- Henan University of Finance and Economics
- Zhongyuan Institute of Technology
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management
- North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Henan Textile University (河南纺织专科学校)
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou Institute of Technology (former Zhongzhou University, not to be confused with Henan University of Technology)
- Henan Institute of architecture technology (河南建筑职业技术学院)
Military
Private
- Zhengzhou College of Economics
- Huanghe S&T University(Zijin Mountain Street Campus) (黄河科技大学) (紫金山南校区)
- Sias International University
- Shengda Economics, Trade and Management College of Zhengzhou
Notable people
- Zichan (子产; ? – 552 BC), a politician and philosopher of the State of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period.
- Lie Yukou (列子; c. 450 BC – ?), known as Liezi, a Taoism philosopher.
- Shen Buhai (申不害; c. 400 BC – c. 337 BC), a politician and philosopher in Legalism.
- Han Fei (韩非; c. 280 BC – 233 BC), also known as Han Feizi, an influential political philosopher of the Warring States Period.[70]
- Du Fu (杜甫; 712–770), a Tang dynasty poet, born in Gongyi, now a county under the administration of Zhengzhou.
- Bai Juyi (白居易; 772–846), a Tang dynasty poet widely known for his poems featuring realism, born in Xinzheng.
- Li Shangyin (李商隐; c. 813–858), a late Tang dynasty poet, born in Xingyang.
- Gao Gong (高拱; 1512–1578), a politician of the Ming dynasty, born in Xinzheng.
- the Korean War.
- Yu operaactress.
- Li Na (李娜; born 1963), a Chinese folk singer.
- Li Jianying (李剑英; 1964–2006), hero pilot.
- Shi Yigong (施一公; born 1967), a biophysicist, president of Westlake University and the former vice president of Tsinghua University.
- Hai Xia (海霞; born 1972), a Chinese news anchor for China Central Television, the main state announcer of China.
- Deng Yaping (邓亚萍; born 1973), a four-time table tennis Olympic champion.
- Liu Yang (刘洋; born 1978), a pilot and astronautwho became the first Chinese woman in space.
- Tie Ya Na (帖雅娜; born 1979), a table tennis player representing Hong Kong, born in Zhengzhou.
- Sun Tiantian (孙甜甜; born 1981), a former professional tennis player on WTA Tour and 2004 Olympic Tennis champion (women's doubles with Li Ting), the first Chinese player to win a mixed doubles Grand Slam title at the 2008 Australian Open with Nenad Zimonjić.
- Du Wei (杜威; born 1982), a professional footballer and the former captain of China national football team.
- Jiang Xin (蒋欣; born 1983), an actress, famous for her role as Consort Hua in the TV series Empresses in the Palace.
- Gao Lin (郜林; born 1986), a professional footballer.
- Shi Xiaolong (释小龙; born 1988), an actor.
- Fan Pengfei (范朋飞; born 1992), a Chinese singer, songwriter and musician in pop music.
- Ning Zetao (宁泽涛; born 1993), a competitive swimmer and gold medal winner at 2014 Asian Games and 2015 World Aquatics Championships.
Politics
The current mayor is He Xiong from January 2022.[71]
List of the
- Gu Jingsheng (谷景生): October 1948 – December 1948
- Wu Defeng (吴德蜂): December 1948 – June 1949
- Zhao Wucheng (赵武成): June 1949 – April 1953
- Song Zhihe (宋致和): April 1953 – August 1956
- Wang Lizhi (王黎之): August 1956 – January 1968
- Wang Hui (王辉): March 1971 – January 1974
- Zhang Junqing (张俊卿): January 1974 – December 1977
- Yu Yichuan (于一川): December 1977 – December 1979
- Li Baoguang (李保光): December 1979 – May 1983
- Jiang Jinfei (蒋靳非): May 1983 – September 1984
- Yao Minxue (姚敏学): September 1984 – August 1987
- Cao Lei (曹磊): August 1987 – July 1990
- Song Guochen (宋国臣): July 1990 – May 1992
- Zhang Deguang (张德广): May 1992 – December 1995
- Wang Youjie (王有杰): December 1995 – June 2001
- Li Ke (李克): June 2001– January 2006
- Wang Wenchao (王文超): January 2006 — July 2010
- Lian Weiliang (连维良): July 2010 — December 2012
- Wu Tianjun (吴天君): December 2012 — May 2016
- Ma Yi (马懿): May 2016 — June 2019
- Xu Liyi (徐立毅): June 2019 — January 2022
- An Wei (安伟): January 2022 —
Sister cities
Zhengzhou is
Country | City | Since |
---|---|---|
Japan | Saitama City | 12 October 1981[72] |
United States | Richmond, Virginia | 14 September 1994[73] |
Romania | Cluj-Napoca | 9 April 1995[74] |
South Korea | Jinju | 25 July 2000[75] |
Namibia | Mariental | 27 August 2001[76] |
Jordan | Irbid | 31 January 2002[77] |
Russia | Samara | 11 April 2002[78] |
Brasil | Joinville | 17 November 2003[79] |
Germany | Schwerin | 12 April 2006[80] |
Bulgaria | Shumen | 27 April 2007[81] |
Belarus | Mogilev | 12 June 2014[82] |
See also
- Zhengzhou Ostrich Park
- Zhengzhou Shang City
- History of Zhengzhou
- List of historical capitals of China
- Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School
Notes
- ^ Based on archeological research. See also Zhengzhou Shang City.
- ^ /dʒɛŋˈdʒoʊ, dʒʌŋ-/, jeng-JOH, jung-;[5] simplified Chinese: 郑州; traditional Chinese: 鄭州; pinyin: Zhèngzhōu), alternatively romanized as Chengchow
References
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- ISBN 978-7-5037-8268-8. Archived from the originalon 15 November 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
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- ^ "Zhengzhou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021.
- ^ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions". PRC Central Government Official Website. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ 国家发展改革委关于支持郑州建设国家中心城市的复函 (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- Xinhua News (in Chinese). Archivedfrom the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
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External links
- Zhengzhou Government website (in Chinese)