List of cities by scientific output
The following article lists the
papers published in leading journals. Differences in quality are taken into account. Only articles published in 82[note 1]
selected quality journals are counted. All these journals are in the English language. They were selected by a committee. If authors from several institutions from different cities are involved in a scientific article, it is divided accordingly, assuming that all researchers were equally involved in the article.
In 2019, Beijing was the city in the world with the largest scientific output, accounting for 2.8% of the world's total.[2] New York City was second in the world, with about 2% of the world's total. Overall, the United States has the most cities in the top 100 list, followed by China.
List
 | This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: The 2023 list of cities has been published by Nature and can be found here. (April 2024) |
The top 100 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals in 2021 according to the Nature Index 2022 Science Cities:[3]
Leading cities in different fields
The 10 cities and metropolitan areas with the highest share of articles published in the fields of
physical sciences
:
| Rank | Life sciences[4] | Earth & environmental sciences[5] | Chemistry[6] | Physical sciences[7] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  New York metropolitan area
|
 Beijing
|
Beijing
|
Beijing
|
| 2 | Boston metropolitan area
|
Nanjing
|
Shanghai
|
Shanghai
|
| 3 | San Francisco Bay Area
|
Baltimore-Washington
|
Nanjing
|
Boston metropolitan area
|
| 4 | Baltimore-Washington
|
New York metropolitan area
|
Tokyo metropolitan area
|
New York metropolitan area
|
| 5 | Beijing
|
San Francisco Bay Area
|
Guangzhou
|
San Francisco Bay Area
|
| 6 |  London metropolitan area
|
Guangzhou
|
Wuhan
|
Tokyo metropolitan area
|
| 7 | Shanghai
|
Los Angeles metropolitan area
|
New York metropolitan area
|
Seoul metropolitan area
|
| 8 |  Paris metropolitan area
|
Wuhan
|
San Francisco Bay Area
|
Nanjing
|
| 9 | San Diego metropolitan area
|
Shanghai
|
Tianjin
|
Paris metropolitan area
|
| 10 | Los Angeles metropolitan area
|
Boston metropolitan area
|
Boston metropolitan area
|
 Singapore
|
Notes
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters, The EMBO Journal, The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, The Plant Cell, and Water Research.[1]
- ^ Controlled by the
Republic of China on Taiwan. See also Political status of Taiwan and One China.
References
- ^ "Revisions to the Nature Index". nature.com. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- .
- ^ "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in biological sciences | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
- ^ "Leading 25 science cities in Earth & environmental sciences | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in chemistry | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
- ^ "Leading 50 science cities in physical sciences | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.